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TOWN OF CRESTON
Consolidated to
February 23, 2016
BYLAW NO. 1417
A bylaw to regulate standards and specifications for the design and installation of drainage systems.
WHEREAS the Municipal Act allows Council, by bylaw to regulate standards and specifications for
the design and installation of drainage systems.
NOW THEREFORE the Council of the Town of Creston, in open meeting assembled, enacts as
follows:
1.0
Title
1.
This bylaw may be cited as "Drainage Bylaw 1417, 1997".
Table of Contents
Subject
Page
1.0
Title ................................................................................................................................... 1
2.0
Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
3.0
Compulsory Connection ................................................................................................... 2
4.0
General Design ................................................................................................................. 2
5.0
Drainage Plan ................................................................................................................... 3
6.0
Natural Water Courses ..................................................................................................... 3
7.0
Design Standards ............................................................................................................. 4
8.0
Design Flow ...................................................................................................................... 4
9.0
Time of Concentration ...................................................................................................... 5
10.0
Run-Off Coefficient ........................................................................................................... 5
11.0
Overland Flow................................................................................................................... 5
12.0
Outfalls .............................................................................................................................. 5
13.0
Minimum Pipe Diameters for Storm Sewers .................................................................... 5
14.0
Main offsets and Depth of Bury ........................................................................................ 5
15.0
Minimum Velocity and Grade ........................................................................................... 6
16.0
Drainage Drywells............................................................................................................. 6
17.0
Culverts ............................................................................................................................. 7
18.0
Manhole Spacing .............................................................................................................. 7
19.0
Catch Basin Spacing ........................................................................................................ 7
20.0
Catch Basin Leads ........................................................................................................... 7
21.0
Pipe Class and Bedding Class ......................................................................................... 7
22.0
Materials ........................................................................................................................... 8
23.0
Pipe ................................................................................................................................... 8
24.0
Manholes .......................................................................................................................... 8
25.0
Catch Basins .................................................................................................................... 8
26.0
Workmanship ................................................................................................................... 8
27.0
Penalty and Effective Date ............................................................................................... 9
2.0
Introduction
2.1 Drainage system design and analysis is to be undertaken in accordance with the Town's
Stormwater Management Policies and Design Manual except as required by this
Schedule. Supplemental Drainage Planning and Criteria is provided in the Master
Drainage Plan for each basin with the Town of Creston.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 2 of 27
2.2 Consulting Engineers retained by the Owner to design the Works and Services must
consult with the Town Engineer to determine what existing information may be of
assistance to them.
2.3 The presence of an existing municipal drainage system does not mean or imply, that is has
adequate capacity to receive the proposed design flows, or does it indicate that the existing
system pattern is acceptable to the Town. Existing facilities which are undersized or
inadequate to accept additional drainage must be upgraded to accommodate the
appropriate flows. Alternative drainage proposals may be considered.
2.4 It must be shown that all downstream drainage facilities are capable of handling the
projected increase in drainage created by any Development. Stormwater must be directed
to an acceptable discharge point such as a major creek or a ditch or trunk main with
adequate capacity.
3.0
Compulsory Connection
3.1 The owner of every parcel of land required to be drained and to which a storm sewer
connection can be or has been made shall connect such land to the storm sewer. In the
event of any owner failing to make the necessary connections within ninety (90) days of
being notified in writing by the Engineer so to do, the Engineer by his workmen or others
may have the work done at the expense of any such owner, and The Corporation shall
recover the expense thereof with interest with costs in like manner as Municipal taxes.
3.2 The notice in writing required to be given in this section shall be sufficiently given if sent by
registered mail to the owner at his address as shown on the last revised Assessment Roll of
The Corporation.
4.0
General Design
4.1 No person shall discharge storm water into a sanitary sewer system.
BL#1742
4.2 Standards That Apply to All Drainage Works
BL#1742
All new subdivisions and developments shall be provided with drainage works and services
that comply with the following standards:
(a)
The site shall be graded to ensure positive drainage of water not absorbed by the
ground. The site shall drain to the point of water discharge.
(b)
The recommended minimum and maximum gradients to ensure positive drainage
are set out in Table F-1. If the drainage design is certified by a professional
engineer, gradients that do not conform to the recommendations in Table F-1 may
be accepted.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 3 of 27
TABLE F-1
Driveways
Maximum Gradient
Minimum Gradient
1:10
1:100
10%
1%
Parking
Maximum Gradient
Minimum Gradient
1:17
1:66
6%
1.5%
Walkways
Maximum Gradient
Minimum Gradient
1:10
1:50
10%
2%
Paved Utility Area
Maximum Gradient
Minimum Gradient
1:17
1:50
6%
2%
Grass Areas
Maximum Gradient
Minimum Gradient
1:3
1:100
33%
1%
4.1 (c)
The site shall be graded and planted in a manner that will prevent erosion of the
ground.
(d)
Site runoff shall not flow onto adjacent properties.
(e)
For sites where any foreign material other than natural storm drainage might enter
the drainage system, facilities to remove the foreign material shall be designed and
sealed by a Professional Engineer and submitted for approval to the Ministry of
Environment.
(f)
Where disposal is to a natural water course, the drainage system shall be designed
and sealed by a Professional Engineer and submitted for approval to the Ministry of
Environment.
(g)
Disposal of drainage water shall be achieved by one of the following methods:
i.
connection to the municipal storm sewer system where the system exists in a
roadway adjacent to the parcel, or where the municipality requires the storm
sewer system to be extended to the parcel;
ii. discharge to a surface drainage course (ditches) where a storm sewer system is
not available and a surface drainage course runs adjacent to the site;
iii. discharge to a dry well where a storm sewer system or ditching is not available
and soil conditions and water table level facilitate effective operation of a dry
well. Where dry wells are required they must conform to the standards set out in
this Bylaw;
iv. discharge to a natural water course, where they run adjacent to or through a site
and other disposal methods are not available.
(h)
The Applicant shall note that meeting standards set out in this bylaw does not
preclude the necessity to apply for permits from other agencies. For example, any
discharge to natural water course will require permits from the Ministry of
Environment.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 4 of 27
5.0
Drainage Plan
5.1 For each new subdivision, a drainage plan shall be prepared and approved by the Town
Engineer. The drainage plan shall be presented on a contour map at a scale of not less
than 1:2500 with contour intervals of not more than 0.5 metres. The drainage plan will
show how storm drainage will be handled within the subdivision, including:
(a)
proposed method of handling surface drainage, including discharge points to natural
water courses;
(b)
provisions of drainage right-of-way where required;
(c)
measures to prevent ponding of water on highways and parcels within the
subdivision;
(d)
measures to prevent erosion and other forms of property damage;
(e)
major and minor system routing;
(f)
final site grades, fill areas including the depth of fill;
(g)
all easements, discharge points and other such details as may be required by the
Town Engineer.
(h)
alignment, type and size of all pipes, including proposed grades, bedding
requirements, manhole, catch basin and drywell locations.
(i)
detailed drainage calculations shall be provided at the time of the drawing
submission.
6.0
Natural Water Courses
6.1 Natural watercourses shall be protected as directed in the applicable municipal bylaws and
the Town of Creston Master Drainage Plan. Where a parcel to be subdivided is traversed
by a natural drainage course, there shall be provided either:
(a)
a drainage right-of-way conforming to the general alignment of the existing or
proposed drainage course of such width as may be designated by the Town
Engineer; or
(b)
provision made for an alternate drainage system to the satisfaction of the Town
Engineer.
6.2 No natural drainage course shall be altered or diverted unless in accordance with a
drainage plan approved by the Town Engineer.
6.3 Where approval of the Ministry of Environment is required for such an alteration or
diversion, the Town Engineer must be in possession of the Ministry approval prior to the
applicant undertaking any work.
7.0
Design Standards
7.1 General
The drainage system in the Town shall consist of two components, the "minor" and the
"major" systems and the system design must take these components into account.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 5 of 27
7.2 The "minor system" consists of those works necessary to handle a 5 year return flow for
low density residential areas and a 10 year return flow for industrial, commercial,
institutional and high density residential areas.
7.3 The "major system" consists of those surface flood paths, roadways, drainage courses and
water courses to convey the 100 year return flows.
7.4 Where drywells are used to discharge surface water to ground, the Town Engineer may
require the Applicant to provide a report prepared by the Developer's Engineer attesting to
the ability of the in situ soils to receive these waters.
7.5 All subdivisions shall be adequately drained throughout the year. Where the whole or part
of any prosed subdivision is wet or subject to intermittent or periodic flooding, approval of
the subdivision will be withheld until the Town Engineer is satisfied that appropriate steps
have been taken to drain the land or otherwise remedy such wet or flooding conditions.
7.6 Where unsatisfactory soil or drainage conditions exist or may develop on part or all of the
subdivision area, the Applicant may be required to furnish such information as will allow
the determination of the area, shape and dimensions of the parcels which will be adequate
in view of the nature of the ground and the anticipated use of the land.
8.0
Design Flow
8.1 The design flow at any point in a storm water collection system shall be calculated by the
Rational Formula:
Q = C x I x A
In which,
Q = Design Flow
C = Run-off Coefficient
I = Rainfall Intensity
A = Area drained
8.2 Low density residential systems shall be designed for rainfall intensities which are
expected to return on the average once every five years (Return Period - 5 years).
Industrial, commercial, institutional and high density residential systems shall be designed
for a Return Period of 10 years. The rainfall intensity shall be derived from the intensity
curve that uses the projection period that is most closely associated with, but not less than,
the typical design life of the infrastructure being impacted, as shown in Table F-2 below.
Three different projection period intensity curves, under a changing climate, are included in
the Standard Drawing Section.
BL#1837
Table F-2: Typical Design Life of Infrastructure
BL#1837
Storm Water Infrastructure Component
Design Life Range
CSP Culverts ≤ 450 mm
25 years
CSP Culverts > 450 mm
50 years
Pipes, Manholes, Catch Basins, Inlet & Outlet Structures
75 years
Bridges
100 years
Minor Overland Routes
50 years
Major Overland Routes
75 years
Channels
100 years
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 6 of 27
9.0
Time of Concentration
9.1 The time of concentration shall be the estimated time required for rain falling on the
farthest point in the drainage area to reach a point in the sewer system under design. The
inlet time for rain to reach catch basins shall be assumed to be 10 minutes in residential
subdivisions and commercial areas.
10.0
Run-Off Coefficient
10.1 Run-off coefficients for storm sewer design shall be calculated for each site but shall not
be less than the values given in the following tabulation:
Description of Area Run-Off Coefficient
Commercial-Downtown
0.80
Residential-single family
0.40
Residential-multi-family
0.60
Apartment Areas
0.70
Parks and Playgrounds
0.25
Unimproved Areas including hillsides
0.30
10.2
The derivation of run-off coefficients to be used for storm sewer design shall include
consideration of relative areas of roofs and pavement.
10.3
Ground slope and soil permeability shall also be considered, however, the run-off
coefficients shall in no case be less than the values outlines in these standards.
11.0 Overland Flow
11.1
In no case shall the overland flow distance for storm water within the storm sewer design
area exceed 150 metres. Storm water contributions from natural drainage features
including hillsides shall be collected by inlet structures at the point where the natural
drainage features enters the subdivision. The ditching of drainage from hillside drainage
features through residential or other proposed lots to storm facilities on roadways will not
be permitted.
11.2
Where an open drainage system is required to cross a road, street or driveway, the ditch
shall be enclosed by means of a culvert, the size, line and grade of which shall be
determined by the Developer's Engineer and approved by the Town Engineer.
12.0 Outfalls
12.1
Outfalls shall be located and constructed such that the outfall storm water will not cause
or present the potential of, erosion of Crown, private or municipal property.
13.0 Minimum Pipe Diameters for Storm Sewers
13.1
Minimum pipe diameters shall be:
Mains
200 mm
Catch basin leads
150 mm
13.2
Pipe shall be designed, using the Manning Formula with roughness coefficient n = .013,
to flow full (or less than full) at the design flow with a velocity or not less than 0.75 metres
per second.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 7 of 27
14.0 Main offsets and Depth of Bury
14.1
Storm sewer mains shall be on the centerline of the road between the water line and the
sanitary sewer line.
14.2
The minimum depth of bury from finished ground elevation to the top of pipe for mains
shall be 1.2 metres. Minimum cover for catch basin leads shall be determined by the
sump requirements and pipe diameter but under no circumstances shall be less than 0.9
metres.
15.0 Minimum Velocity and Grade
15.1
Minimum velocity for pipes flowing full or half full shall be 0.75 m/s. Some corresponding
minimum grades are as follows assuming n = 0.013. Steeper grades are desirable.
100 mm
2.00%
375 mm
0.23%
150 mm
1.00%
400 mm
0.20%
200 mm
0.60%
450 mm
0.18%
250 mm
0.40%
525 mm
0.15%
300 mm
0.32%
600 mm
0.12%
350 mm
0.28%
16.0 Drainage Drywells
16.1
Where drainage drywells are used as a means for disposal, drainage drywell wall
surface areas shall be sized using Darcy's empirical law:
Q = A K i
where
Q = rate of flow
A = cross-sectional area of soil through which flow takes place (consider wall area only
in calculations)
K = coefficient of permeability
i = gradient or headloss over a given flow distance
Coefficients of Permeability (K)
Typical Soil
Value of K cm/sec *
Relative Permeability
Coarse gravel
over 1 x 10-1
very permeable
Sand, fine sand
1 x 10-2 to 1 x 10-3
Medium permeability
Silty sand, dirty sand
1 x 10-3 to 1 x 10-5
Low permeability
Silt
1 x 10-5 to 1 x 10-7
very low permeability
Clay
Less than 1 x 10-7
practically impervious
*
to convert to feet per minute, multiply above valves by 1.97; to convert to feet per
day, multiply be 2.88 x 103.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 8 of 27
Upon determination of permeability factor, a safety factor of 2 shall be applied.
Hydraulic Gradient (i)
i = h
1
where: h=average available head
1= flow distance
16.2
Drainage drywells shall, unless otherwise approved by the Town Engineer, be located in
the road boulevard or in other lands dedicated to the Town for the purpose of drainage
disposal.
16.3
Drainage drywells shall be constructed of precast 1200 mm diameter concrete sections
with 75 mm x 150 mm holes spaced 150 mm c/c vertically and 200 mm c/c horizontally in
accordance with the standard drawings. One length of solid walled pipe shall form a
sump for deposition of silts. See Standard Drawing No. S - 12.
16.4
The depth of the drywell will vary in accordance with the requirements derived from
Darcy's law.
17.0 Culverts
17.1
Where an open ditch system is required to cross a road, street or driveway, the ditch
shall be enclosed by means of a CMP culvert. All culverts shall be of sufficient size to
properly drain all of the area naturally draining into the channel or ditch feeding into the
culvert. Allowance shall be made for increasing runoff due to paving and other land
development anticipated.
17.2
The minimum diameter for culverts shall be 300 mm (12").
18.0 Manhole Spacing
18.1
The maximum distance between storm sewer manholes shall be 150 m.
18.2
Manholes shall also be provided at the following locations:
- at all changes in grade and/or alignment (for non curvilinear sewers);
- at all changes in pipe size;
- at all pipe junctions;
- at the beginning and end of pipe curvature for curvilinear sewers.
19.0 Catch Basin Spacing
19.1
Catch basin spacing, in general, shall range from 90 to 120 m with closer spacing on flat
grades in the drainage path and at all intersections.
19.2
Catch basins shall be located at all low points, or spaced at intervals such that not more
than 10% of the gutter flow reaching each inlet will pass on to the next inlet downstream,
provided this carry-over is not objectionable to pedestrian or vehicle traffic and the inlet
is not in a sump.
19.3
Catch basins at intersections shall be located in such a manner to minimize interference
with crosswalks.
19.4
Type II side inlet catch basins are not to be installed without the approval of the Town
Engineer.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 9 of 27
20.0 Catch Basin Leads
20.1
Catch basin leads shall discharge into a manhole wherever possible or directly into the
sewer pipe using a saddle or wye connection.
20.2
Catch basin leads shall have a minimum cover of 0.9 m.
21.0 Pipe Class and Bedding Class
21.1
The quality of pipe and bedding shall be so selected such that the installation will
adequately support the loads to be placed on it during construction and in operation. For
concrete pipe, the calculations shall follow the method shown in Water Pollution Control
Federation Manual of Practice NO. 9, latest edition. A safety factor of 1.5 shall be used
for concrete pipe and the bedding classifications shall be as identified in Standard
Drawing No. S-8.
21.2
For PVC pipe, the calculations shall follow the methods outlined in the Uni-Bell Plastic
Pipe Association publication "Handbook of PVC Pipe - Design and Construction", latest
edition.
21.3
For CSP pipe, the calculations shall follow the methods outlined in the American Iron
and Steel Institute publication "Handbook of Steel Drainage & Highway Construction
Products", latest edition.
21.4
Pipe class and bedding class must be identified on all engineering drawings. Pipe shall
have at least Class B bedding, as defined by Standard Drawing No. S-8.
22.0 Materials
22.1
Materials shall meet the standards specified in Works and Services Bylaw #1170
Schedule E - Storm Sewers, except as modified herein.
23.0 Pipe
23.1
The following pipe material conforming to the appropriate specifications are acceptable
for storm sewers:
(a) reinforced concrete pipe conforming to ASTM C76. Pipe strength (Class III min.)
Shall be specified for the trench conditions under which the pipe will be installed
and operated. Joints shall conform to ASTM C443;
(b) polyvinyl chloride pipe up to 375 mm diameter conforming to ASTM D3034 and
CSA B182.2, stiffness (F/Y) of 320 kPa at 5% deflection conforming to ASTM
D2412, complete with approved rubber gasket joints. Polyvinyl Chloride 450-600
mm ASTM F679, SDR 35 equivalent or ASTM F794, minor collection mains and
service connections. Maximum pipe length shall be 6 metres and sizes 200 mm
diameter and larger shall have a minimum SDR of 35;
(c) CSP (culverts only) galvanized corrugated steel pipe designed to carry H-20 loading
in accordance with ASSHO.
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 10 of 27
24.0 Manholes
24.1
List of Standard Drawings
Title
No.
Title
No.
Standard Manhole
S-1 Catch Basin Assembly
S-9
Exterior Drop Manhole
S-2 Manhole Cover Insulation
S-10
Manhole Benching
S-3 Catch Basin Adjustment
S-11
Standard Sewer Connections
S-4 Drainage Drywell
S-12
Encasement Pipe Detail
S-5 Rainfall Intensity Curves 2010-2039 S-13
Trench Details Paved Areas
S-6 Rainfall Intensity Curves 2040-2069 S-14
Trench Details Gravelled Areas S-7 Rainfall Intensity Curves 2070-2099 S-15
Trench Bedding Details
S-8
Standard Drawings are attached as Schedule S-1 to S-15 and form a part of this bylaw.
BL#1837
25.0 Catch Basins
25.1
Catch basins shall be 900 mm diameter precast concrete as shown on Standard
Drawing S-9 or an acceptable alternate as approved by the Town Engineer. Frames and
grates shall be Dobney Foundary B-24 or B-24 square frame and B-23 grate, or an
acceptable alternate as approved by the Town Engineer.
26.0 Workmanship
26.1
Storm sewer systems shall be installed in the manner described in Schedule E of Bylaw
1170 except as modified herein.
26.2
Catch Basins
Catch basins shall be constructed as shown on Standard Drawings S-9. They shall be
installed with the longer side against the front of the curb and parallel to it. Catch basin
grate to be flush with final surface grade.
26.3
Testing
This storm sewer system shall be tested in accordance with Bylaw 1170 Section E - 4.5
26.4
Head Walls and Aprons
Head walls and aprons to storm sewer and culvert inlets and outlets shall be constructed
as designed by the Developer's Engineer in accordance with Bylaw 1170 - Section E-2.5
a & b.
27.0 Penalty and Effective Date
27.1
Any person who is deemed, upon summary conviction, to be in contravention of this
bylaw will be liable to a penalty of not more than Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000.00).
27.2
This bylaw shall come into full force and effect upon adoption.
28.0 Service Connection
28.1
Each application for a service connection shall be made to the municipality by the owner
or his authorized agent on a form available at the Municipal Office.
BL#1446
BL#1837
BL#1837
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 11 of 27
28.2
Such applicant shall, on making application, pay to the municipality the applicable
connection fee as set out in Schedule "A" which is attached to and forms part of this
Bylaw.
BL#1446
28.3
If the connection is practicable, the Works Superintendent shall provide and install a
service connection to the applicant's property. If such connection is not practicable, the
Works Superintendent shall so notify the applicant and the municipality shall refund the
fees paid by the applicant.
BL#1446
28.4
In addition to the fee set out in Schedule "A", where it is necessary to remove and
replace asphalt or other hard surface road materials, the applicant shall pay in advance
the estimated cost of the removal and replacement of such hard surface.
BL#1446
READ A FIRST by title and SECOND TIME by content this 6th day of October, 1997.
READ A THIRD TIME by title this 6th day of October, 1997.
RECONSIDERED AND ADOPTED this 27th day of October. 1997.
"Lela Irvine"
"Wm F. Hutchinson"
Mayor
Clerk
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 12 of 27
SCHEDULE "A"
DRAINAGE CONNECTION CHARGES
Type of Service
Minimum Rate*
Storm sewer connection
$3,000.00
* The Town of Creston reserves the right to charge actual costs which are in excess of the
connection fee charged for any connections done. Asphalt repairs (if required) are an
additional charge.
BL#1829
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 13 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-1
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 14 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-2
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 15 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-3
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 16 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-4
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 17 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-5
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 18 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-6
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 19 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-7
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 20 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-8
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 21 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-9
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 22 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-10
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 23 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-11
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 24 of 27
Standard Drawings
Schedule S-12
BL#1837
S-12
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 25 of 27
Standard Drawings
S-13
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 26 of 27
Standard Drawings
S-14
BL#1837
Consolidated Bylaw No. 1417
Page 27 of 27
Standard Drawings
S-15
BL#1837
Appendix "1" to
Bylaw No. 1417
INDEX OF AMENDING BYLAWS
Bylaw No. 1446 .............................................. Adopted April 28, 1998
Bylaw No. 1742 .............................................. Adopted May 25, 2010
Bylaw No. 1829 .............................................. Adopted October 13, 2015
Bylaw No. 1837 .............................................. Adopted February 23, 2016
NOTE TO USERS
"WHEREAS each bylaw consolidation shall be
proof, in the absence of evidence to the
contrary, of the original bylaw, of all bylaws
amending it and of the fact of passage of the
original and all amending bylaws", pursuant to
'Authority to Consolidate Municipal Bylaws No.
1533', which was adopted on the 11th day of
June, 2001.