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Municipality of
the District
of Chester
Municipal
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Action Plan
Effective: October 30, 2013
Adopted:
October 30, 2013
Version:
8
ADAPTATION COMMITTEE (Step One)...................................................................... 3
Council, Members and Stakeholders......................................................................................................... 3
Committee Mandate.................................................................................................................................. 4
Accountability............................................................................................................................................ 4
ASSUMPTIONS...................................................................................................... 5
REMO PROCESS..................................................................................................... 6
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES AND HAZARDS (Steps Two, Three, Four and Five)................. 7
Coastal Flooding......................................................................................................................................... 8
Inland Flooding........................................................................................................................................ 10
Hurricane................................................................................................................................................. 12
Extreme Sudden Weather Event.............................................................................................................. 14
Winter Storm/Blizzard............................................................................................................................. 16
Hot Days/Heat Wave................................................................................................................................ 18
Forest Fire/ Wildfire................................................................................................................................. 20
Drought.................................................................................................................................................... 22
Animal Disease, Pests, and Invasive Species........................................................................................... 24
Plant Disease, Pests, and Invasive Species............................................................................................... 26
Forest Cover Changes.............................................................................................................................. 28
Agricultural Crop Changes....................................................................................................................... 30
Sea Temperature Rise, Acidification, and Invasive Species...................................................................... 32
PRIORITIES (Step Six)............................................................................................. 35
Priorities in Infrastructure........................................................................................................................ 36
Priorities in Outreach............................................................................................................................... 38
Priorities in Policy & Planning.................................................................................................................. 39
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION........................................................................... 41
Corporate Energy Use.............................................................................................................................. 42
Reducing Energy Consumption................................................................................................................ 43
MAPS
APPENDICES
A - Climate Change Tables, Priorities, and Mitigation (details of Steps Two, Three, Four, Five and Six)
B - Infrastructure Risk Assessment Table
C - Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability Assessment by REMO
D - Energy Inventory of the Municipality
E - Municipality of Chester ecoNova Scotia Municipal Energy Audit Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Adaptation Committee
COUNCIL
- Warden Allen Webber
- Deputy Warden Floyd Shatford
- Councillor Andre Veinotte
- Councillor Brad Armstrong
- Councillor Robert Myra
- Councillor Tina Connors
- Councillor Sharon Church-Cornelius
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
- Erin Beaudin, CAO
- Steve Graham, Director of Finance
- Pam Myra, Municipal Clerk
- Tara Maguire, Director of Community Development
- Matt Davidson, Director of Public Works
- Bruce Forest, Director of Solid Waste
- Chad Haughn, Director of Recreation and Parks
- Cliff Gall, Director of Information Services
STAKEHOLDERS
- Geoff MacDonald, Planner and MCCAP Process Lead
- Dan Pittman, Records Management Coordinator
- Bruce Blackwood, Fire Services Coordinator
- Arden Weagle, EMO Coordinator
- Jami Fay, Planning Technician
- Nick Zinck, GIS Technologist
3
Mandate
The Municipal Climate Change Action Plan Adaptation
Committee's mandate is to:
- Form an Adaptation Committee;
- Identify climate change issues and hazards;
- Identify affected locations;
- Identify affected facilities and infrastructure;
- Identify who is affected, the economic implications, and
environmental issues;
- Complete the greenhouse gas emissions template for
municipal operations;
- Work together with Council to identify the priorities for
adaptation; and
- Submit a complete draft of the Climate Change Action Plan
to Council for consultation and approval.
Accountability
The Adaptation Committee is accountable to Council for the
completion of the Draft Municipal Climate Change Action Plan.
4
Assumptions
Using reference materials, we have assembled some basic
assumptions used to develop this Plan:
- Sea level rise at the Mean High Water Level might
approach 1.85 metres by the year 2100;
- We have no estimates on the rate of sea level rise, only on
the possible amounts;
- When combined with extreme high tides, which recur
regularly, and the storm surge expected from an intense
storm, the plausible water level achieved during an
emergency event at the present time is about 2 metres
above the current Mean High Water Mark; and
- Under the same circumstances, the plausible water level
in the year 2100 is about 5 metres above the current Mean
High Water Mark.
5
REMO Process
In 2012, the Lunenburg County Regional
Emergency Measures Organization (REMO)
developed a hazard, risk and vulnerability
assessment for each potential hazard identified in
Lunenburg County as a result of climate change.
REMO partnered with staff from:
- Municipality of the District of Chester;
- Municipality of the District of Lunenburg;
- Town of Bridgewater; and
- Town of Mahone Bay.
The hazards identified in the REMO assessment
related to the Municipality of the District of
Chester are used in our Plan.
The complete REMO Assessment is located in Volume II, Appendix C
6
The MCCAP Team identified thirteen
climate change issues and hazards.
- Coastal flooding;
- Inland flooding;
- Hurricane;
- Extreme weather event;
- Winter storm/blizzard;
- Hot days/heat wave;
- Forest fire;
- Drought;
- Animal disease;
- Plant disease;
- Forest cover changes;
- Agricultural crop changes; and
- Sea temperature rise,
acidification, and invasive
species.
7
COASTAL
FLOODING
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
The flooding of coastal lands by sea water
affects most of the Municipality's popula-
tion given that settlement is concentrated
in coastal areas. Rising sea levels are exac-
erbated when storms affected by low at-
mospheric pressure hit the coast, creating
storm surge.
Flooding and storm surge could worsen
because of rising sea level and more
frequent storms that are noticeably more
intense.
Areas most affected are those within two
metres of the high water mark; however,
there is potential for effects up to four
metres depending on future sea level rise.
For example, by 2100, areas up to five or
six metres of the existing high water mark
could be affected.
Private and public infrastructure that could
be physically vulnerable:
- Provincial infrastructure, specifically
bridges in Martins River and East River,
Highway 3 in Western Shore, Highway
329, and the Tancook Ferry Wharf;
- Municipal infrastructure, such as sewage
treatment plants and pumping stations
near the coast, streetlights, sidewalks,
Wild Rose Park and other parks, storm
sewers, wharves and boat launches. As
a result, Kaizer Meadow Landfill may
have to accept large amounts of waste
on short notice; and
- Causeways at Marvins Island, Shaws
Island, and Oak Island.
8
COASTAL
FLOODING
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Residents and businesses located up to
six metres of the high water mark could
experience:
- salt water saturation in their wells;
- disabled service of central sewer in
Chester, Chester Basin, Otter Point, and
Western Shore or potential for release
of raw sewage;
- blocked or damaged roads;
- possible chemical contamination from
industrial sources within hazard area;
and
- shorts in electrical systems.
Outside of the costs resulting from physical
damage, coastal flooding will have a
potential economic impact on:
- aquaculture
and
inshore
fishery
facilities;
- the Tancook Ferry Service;
- banking and insurance industries;
- loss of property value; and
- loss of regular economic activity and
tourism.
9
INLAND
FLOODING
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Residents of the Municipality who live in-
land can escape coastal flooding, but they
may still be affected by the overflow from
rivers, streams and lakes caused by intense
precipitation. In winter, ice jams and spring
melt can contribute to inland flooding.
Flooding caused by overflowing rivers,
streams, lakes, etc. as a result of intense
precipitation (which is predicted to
increase in frequency) and/or snow melt
and ice jams. Flooding could intensify if
combined with a storm surge on the coast.
Areas most affected in the Municipality are
likely to be:
- New Ross
- Martins River
- East River
Private and public infrastructure that could
be physically vulnerable:
- Municipal infrastructure, such as the
New Ross and Western Shore sewage
treatment plants, the pumping station
in Chester, the Kaizer Meadow leachate
and storm water treatment plants, and
various culverts and bridge abutments
on
the
Chester
Connection
and
Aspotogan Trails;
- Provincial infrastructure, such as the
bridges on Highway #3 over East River
and Martins River, and the bridge across
Middle River on the Chester Grant Road.
10
INLAND
FLOODING
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
There are no major flood locations
identified in the Municipality, but residents
and businesses could experience:
- localized, minor flooding;
- contamination of dug wells;
- sewage treatment failures, which could
cause release of raw sewage;
- closure of key highway bridges;
- power outages;
- increased
mosquito
and
blackfly
hatches; and
- manure washing into streams because
of pasture land flooding.
Outside of the costs resulting from physical
damage, inland flooding will have a
potential economic impact on:
- transportation if highway bridges are
affected;
- the forestry industry if woods roads
bridges are affected;
- LP Canexel plant if East River pumping
station is affected;
- the aquaculture industry because of
sedimentation;
- tourism;
- damage and relocation costs related
to the Western Shore and New Ross
sewage treatment plants; and
- disruption of communications would
be costly to the Province.
11
HURRICANE
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
A hurricane is a cyclonic tropical storm
with exceptionally strong winds and heavy
rain. Formed offshore in the equatorial At-
lantic, they affect the Caribbean and the
coastal United States and, with increasing
frequency, Canada's Atlantic region.
Both coastal and inland flooding are a
risk, plus large waves could make coastal
flooding worse.
Also, strong winds could cause damage to
wood land and infrastructure.
Areas affected by coastal and inland
flooding should be included.
In addition to all of the infrastructure
vulnerable in a flood event, we can also
add:
- structures damaged by high winds,
causing increased mixed waste at Kaizer
Meadow;
- electrical distribution system; and
- Municipal
infrastructure,
such
as
sewage treatment plants and pumping
stations affected by power outages.
12
HURRICANE
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Residents and businesses could experience:
- coastal and inland flooding;
- closure of highway bridges;
- tree damage caused by wind;
- blowing debris;
- power outages and downed electrical
wires caused by wind;
- home heating oil tank leakage/spillage;
- raw sewage released due to power
outages; and
- devasation to sensitive habitats, like
saltwater marshes, Bayswater and East
River beaches and stream estuaries.
Especially vulnerable to power outages are
the elderly and infirm residing in nursing
homes, which are located in Chester, New
Ross and Western Shore.
Outside of the costs resulting from physical
damage, hurricanes have a potential
economic impact on:
- the forestry industry;
- the fishery; and
- tourism.
13
EXTREME
WEATHER
EVENT
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Hurricanes can be forecasted; not so with
most sudden weather events. The fre-
quency and intensity of severe storms is
expected to increase in the coming years.
Heavy rain, thunderstorms, hail storms,
and tornadoes can cause major damage to
houses, boats and infrastructure.
We are expecting an increase in the
frequency and intensity of severe storms,
such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and
hail storms.
The entire Municipality is susceptible to
extreme weather.
Infrastructure and services that are
especially vulnerable include:
- Municipal sewage treatment plants
and pumping stations, Kaizer Meadow
landfill because on an increase in waste,
and building inspection services; and
- Potentially Nova Scotia Power, who
could have PCBs in storage.
14
EXTREME
WEATHER
EVENT
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Residents and businesses in all parts of the
Municipality can expect:
- extensive flooding;
- frequent lightning strikes on the
electrical distribution system;
- sudden rises in stream and river levels;
- power outages; and
- inadequate fire services as resources
run low.
Similar to a hurricane, a potential economic
impact could be felt by:
- the forestry industry;
- the fishery; and
- tourism.
15
WINTER
STORM/
BLIZZARD
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Severe winter storms can come in the form
of snow, freezing rain, rain or any combi-
nation of these. They are expected to oc-
cur more often in the future. While a few
centimetres of snow can be managed, ma-
jor storms impact municipal infrastructure
and the effectiveness of emergency man-
agement.
Severe winter storms pose hazards such
as strong winds and heavy precipitation
(snow, rain, freezing rain, etc.) It is
anticipated that severe winter storms will
occur more often.
The entire Municipality is vulnerable to a
severe winter storm, particularly low-lying
areas.
Infrastructure
particularly
vulnerable
includes:
- highways;
- wharves;
- sewage treatment plants and pumping
stations;
- sidewalks;
- municipal roads;
- Landfill operations; and
- electrical distribution system.
16
WINTER
STORM/
BLIZZARD
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
During a severe winter storm, residents
and businesses can expect to experience:
- limited access to structures and
infrastructure;
- road blockages because of snow,
downed power lines, ice and/or wind;
- inland flooding because of snow melt
or rain; and
- power outages.
Especially vulnerable are the very young,
elderly and infirm.
Potential economic impact could be felt by:
- winter operations related to the fishery,
forestry, and tourism;
- retail trade; and
- service industries.
17
HOT DAYS/
HEAT WAVE
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
A heat wave means there have been at
least three consecutive days where tem-
peratures have exceeded 30 degrees. Tem-
perature extremes such as this can be ex-
pected to occur more frequently and for
longer periods in the future.
Exposure to prolonged heat during hot
days or a heat wave can be dangerous. Hot
days are expected to occur more often,
which means a drier, hotter summer.
All areas in the Municipality are open to
the effects of increasing hot days.
Private and public infrastructure that could
be affected are:
- Electrical distribution system as people
use more power;
- groundwater resources as use/need
increases;
- comfort stations as they establish
themselves as "cooling centres"; and
- public green spaces as maintenance
becomes more difficult in hotter
weather.
18
HOT DAYS/
HEAT WAVE
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
All residents and businesses can be affected
by prolonged heat. Especially vulnerable
are the very young, elderly and sick people.
The potential economic impact will affect
all sectors, but specifically:
- crops that like warmer temperatures
will thrive;
- pressure will increase to change waste
collection to weekly as well as to provide
Chester a central water supply;
- forestry because of woods travel
closures; and
- brownouts will occur caused by pressure
on power supplies for air conditioning.
19
FOREST
FIRE
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Although naturally occurring forest fires
are a reality, about 97% of all forest fire
and wildfires in Nova Scotia are caused by
human activity. These events are likely to
increase in frequency with drier and hotter
summers.
Clear hazard of a fire in the forest is that
it becomes uncontrollable and could
threaten residential areas.
All woodland has the potential for fire.
Residential areas in proximity to the fire
could also be affected.
Private and public infrastructure that could
be affected:
- Municipal
infrastructure,
such
as
sewage treatment plants and pumping
stations as well as public open spaces;
- residential structures;
- lands protected by the Province; and
- productive forests, both private and
public.
20
FOREST
FIRE
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Most of the Municipality's population lives
in or near forested land. In the event of a
forest fire, residents and businesses could
experience:
- smoke inhalation; and
- destruction of property/structures.
The area that would sustain the biggest
impact economically is the forestry industry
by destroying large amounts of valuable
forest land.
Other areas threatened by forest fire are
residential and commercial structures and
property.
21
DROUGHT
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Water resources are essential for irrigation
and domestic use. Just as more frequent
and heavy rains can be expected, so too
can we expect to see prolonged periods of
abnormally dry weather.
An extended drought can seriously deplete
water sources.
The entire Municipality would be touched
by drought. Specifically,
- parks and public spaces as maintenance
would be limited;
- wetlands, lakes and streams.
22
DROUGHT
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Residents and businesses experiencing a
drought could see:
- a reduction in water supply to wells,
especially to dug wells;
- those in the core of Chester Village;
- the potential for salt water intrusion
along the coast;
- an impact on agricultural crops from
lack of water;
Drought will have a potential economic
impact on:
- the Municipality as residents of Chester
would increase pressure for a central
water supply;
- local businesses and small farms; and
- the tourism industry with a possible
increase in boating and outdoor
recreation.
23
ANIMAL
DISEASE
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Changes in mean temperature and warm-
er waters, where certain pests can thrive
where they could not before, mean that
diseases affecting agricultural animals,
wildlife, and our human population that
have been historically rare, are likely to be-
come more prevalent in the future.
- Diseases affecting agricultural animals
- Diseases affecting wildlife
- Animal diseases affecting humans
Literally every area in the Municipality
could be subject to disease and pests.
The
Kaizer
Meadow
Environmental
Management Centre was identified as
the primary municipal facility affected by
animal disease, pests and invasive species.
This is because of the large number
of carcasses that could potentially be
disposed of on short notice.
24
ANIMAL
DISEASE
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
When agricultural hazards are identified,
workers associated with the industry are
at higher risk for disease cross-over.
Besides that, residents and businesses
should be wary of:
- consumption of contaminated foods;
- importation of new diseases; and
- the possibility of health threats if an
outbreak of animal disease results in
large number of carcasses that are not
disposed of quickly or in a sanitary way.
Animal disease, pests and invasive species
could have a significant economic impact
on:
- agricultural industry in the destruction
of contaminated foods and livestock;
and
- food supplies as they could be
interrupted.
25
PLANT
DISEASE
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Just as changes in mean temperature can
bring animal diseases and pests that we
haven't seen before, so too can they bring
new plant diseases and pests, and new in-
vasive species. Plants can easily be stressed
by increased heat and drought.
There are two considerable hazards:
disease affecting agricultural plants as well
as forest plants.
The whole Municipality can be affected by
plant disease.
Specifically,
- parkland and other municipal land;
- woodland;
- farmland; and
- agricultural crops.
26
PLANT
DISEASE
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
In particular, agricultural and forestry
workers are most likely to see the effects
of plant disease.
In a broad sense, residents and businesses
could experience:
- an increase in the use of poisonous
pesticides and herbicides; and
- the potential to consume contaminated
foods.
The
greatest
economic
implications
will affect the agricultural and forestry
industries, as a result of:
- the
large-scale
destruction
of
contaminated foods; and
- crop failure.
27
FOREST COVER
CHANGES
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Forests naturally evolve with changes in
mean temperature and other weather-re-
lated phenomena. But when the pace of
climate change is more rapid, forest plant
populations will not be able to adapt as
quickly, causing some species to die out
over the next 100 years.
The potential for susceptible species to
die over the next 100 years as the climate
changes more quickly than forests can
adapt poses a hazard to our woodland.
Transversely, some species may grow more
rapidly in warmer climates.
Private and public land that could be
physically affected:
- all woodland and parkland; and
- Municipal lands, such as parks, landfill
property; and islands.
28
FOREST COVER
CHANGES
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Residents and businesses located near or
in forested areas could notice a change in
forest species due to warmer winters and
drier, hotter summers.
An economic impact will be especially
felt by the forestry industry, including
Christmas tree growing and harvesting.
29
AGRICULTURAL
CROPS
CHANGES
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
As with changes affecting forest cover, the
pace of change on our local climate will
affect the survivability of certain crops
that we have traditionally depended on to
thrive. We can expect to have to adapt by
cultivating other crops that are more vi-
able in warmer, drier growing seasons.
The rapidity of climate change could
jeopardize certain crops. On the other
hand, there could be opportunity for
different crops to thrive.
The areas most affected are agricultural
operations.
30
AGRICULTURAL
CROPS
CHANGES
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Obviously, those working in the agricultural
industry will be most vulnerable.
Economic impacts of an agricultural crop
change can be mitigated by growing
different crop types.
31
RISE IN SEA
TEMPERATURE,
ACIDIFICATION
INVASIVE
SPECIES
Hazards
Affected Areas,
Facilities, and
Infrastructure
Climate change doesn't just affect forest
cover and agriculture. It also affects the
mix of plant and animal species in our wa-
ters. Rising sea temperature means that
certain species not native to our shores
will thrive and threaten the local ecology.
Moreover, species we have depended on
for our survival may not flourish.
- Traditional fisheries may collapse.
- Opportunity for unfamiliar pests and
diseases to flourish.
- Invasive species from warmer climates
may populate our waters.
- Potential for an increase in the frequency
of storms and a change to the course of
the Gulf Stream.
- Acification can hamper the growth of
many organisms.
The entire coast has been, and will likely
continue to be, affected by invasive species.
The main municipal infrastructure category
to be affected physically is our wharves.
32
RISE IN SEA
TEMPERATURE,
ACIDIFICATION
INVASIVE
SPECIES
Who can be
Affected and the
Environmental
Effects
Economic Impacts
Effects will mainly be experienced by
aquaculture and fisheries.
Environmentally, the pace of change is
expected to increase, affecting all salt
water fish and plants. Specifically, invasive
species are having a serious effect on sea
urchins, seaweeds, and mussels.
The potential economic impact will most
likely be felt by the aquaculture sector and
fisheries, including fishing tourism.
33
Priorities
Chester Municipality has established
priorities for adaptation over the short
term (0-5 years), medium term (5 to 20
years) and long term (over 20 years).
They include priorities for managing
our
infrastructure,
our
outreach
requirements (how we work with the
community), and policy and planning
priorities, that is, how we update our
planning and policy documents to meet
the climate change challenge.
35
Infrastructure...
in the short-term
Our short-term priorities for municipal infrastructure are
divided into two groups: top priority and second priority.
TOP PRIORITY
- Acquire, store and manage data on infrastructure and mapping;
- Finish asset mapping for the sewer systems, sidewalks, storm systems, and street
lighting; and
- Identify and map vulnerable emergency response, cultural and heritage
resources, such as wharves and slipways, schools, beaches, fire halls, etc.
- SEWER SYSTEM PRIORITIES:
- Review inflow/infiltration effect on capacity and develop mitigation plans;
- Review emergency power options and develop mitigation plans;
- Review the vulnerability to coastal and inland flooding and develop a
mitigation plan;
- Review options for expansion and replacement;
- Review power outage options for lift stations, based on vulnerability and
function and develop a mitigation plan;
- Review installation standards for force mains that could potentially be
affected by tide and coastal flooding; and
- Monitor and record all river flood events near the sewer treatment plants in
New Ross and Western Shore.
SECOND PRIORITY
- Review all park and recreation land for vulnerability and long-term adaptation
plans;
- Monitor and identify potential drainage problems on the Chester Connection
and Aspotogan Trails;
- Review and assess all bridges on the Chester Connection and Aspotogan Trails
and develop an upgrade schedule;
- Review vulnerability of municipal wharves to sea level rise and storm surges,
inspect regularly, repair and maintain against increasing storm damage;
- Adapt Landfill operations and the leachate treament/stormwater treatment
systems to accommodate increased rainfall.
36
Infrastructure...
up to the long-term
Our medium- to long-term priorities for municipal infra-
structure are:
MEDIUM-TERM
- Keep asset mapping up to date;
- Gradually implement mitigation plans for central sewer
systems;
- Upgrade installation of force mains whenever they are
replaced;
- Develop mitigation plans based on recorded observations
at the New Ross and Western Shore sewer treatment
plants;
- Develop mitigation or abandonment plans for municipal
parks;
- Gradually upgrade drainage and bridges on Chester
Connection and Aspotogan Trails; and
- Plan to re-locate or abandon wharves and slipways.
LONG-TERM
- Re-evaluate Municipal Climate Change Action Plan; and
- Re-locate or abandon wharves and slipways.
37
Outreach...
Our priorities for outreach are:
SHORT-TERM
- Publish the Municipal Climate Change Action Plan
throughout the Municipality, including the website,
regular mention in newsletters, and presentations to
community groups. Include and publicize legible maps
showing vulnerable areas;
- Refer bridge, highway, and storm drainage infrastructure
issues to the NS Department of Transportation and
Infrastructure Renewal (TIR);
- Develop agreements with TIR on the maintenance of
storm drainage that affects municipal infrasructure; and
- Refer this Plan to development agencies and to the
Regional Emergency Measures Organization.
MEDIUM-TERM
- Continue to promote the Municipal Climate Change
Action Plan and its review processes.
LONG-TERM
- Re-evaluate the Municipal Climate Change Action Plan.
38
Policy & Planning...
in the short-term
Our short-term priorities for policy and planning are:
- Review the Municipal Planning Strategy, Subdivision By-
Law, Land Use By-Law, and the Building Code By-Law
to develop policy and regulation on development near
vulnerable areas, including forested areas;
- Update Municipal Specifications, with emphasis on storm
water and on sewage treatment;
- Consult with REMO and Fire Departments to develop
pre-planning for the expected emergency events and with
Nova Scotia Emergency Measures Office to coordinate
emergency services;
- Examine the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change fifth Assessment Report (September
2013), and review this Plan accordingly; and
- Continue to monitor and protect the watershed of
Spectacle Lake.
39
Policy & Planning...
up to the long-term
Our medium- to long-term priorities for policy and planning
are:
MEDIUM-TERM
- Monitor Municipal Specifications and all planning
documents for accommodation to climate change;
- Continue monitoring and updating pre-plans; and
- Review Climate Change Action Plan periodically and
update as required in light of observed changes and
updated predictions.
LONG-TERM
- Monitor Municipal Specifications and all planning
documents for accommodation to climate change;
- Continue monitoring and updating pre-plans; and
- Periodically review the Plan.
40
Climate Change
Mitigation
By "climate change mitigation" we mean the
interventions needed in policy and procedure to reduce
the use of greenhouse gas resources and emissions.
Mitigation is successful when these interventions,
whether technological or economic, result in the
reduction of greenhouse gas resources and emissions,
and enhance greenhouse gas sinks.
The Municipality completed an inventory of its
corporate energy use (Appendix D). It then completed
a Municipal Energy Audit Report (Appendix E) which
provides an analysis of corporate energy consumption
of various assets. The Municipality has been working
to implement the report's recommendations.
41
Corporate Energy Use
The Municipality measured its energy use to determine
our greenhouse gas emissions (Appendix D). The Top 4
"consumers" are:
1.
Kaizer Meadow Environmental Management
Centre because of the leachate treatment facility
and amount of diesel fuel consumed.
2.
The fleet of heavy vehicles used for solid waste
collection and transfer to Kaizer Meadow
Landfill.
3.
Wastewater collection and treatment systems
operated by the Municipality in various
communities.
4.
Streetlights, including those owned by the
Municipality and those leased from Nova Scotia
Power.
43
Reducing Energy
Consumption
As a result of an Energy Audit done in 2009 (Appendix E), the
recommendations to deal with the Top 4 consumers are:
- Install new high-efficiency equipment at the Kaizer Meadow
leachate treatment facility;
- Review vehicle size for fuel efficiency and improve
performance through routine maintenance and monitoring
(a new vehicle log and monitoring system has already been
established);
- Reduce running times for aeration blowers and utilize high
efficiency equipment and parts in the wastewater system;
and
- Review street lighting usage and consider strategic location
of new streetlights to service areas where most needed.
In addition, we are incrementally reducing our energy
consumption by upgrading office lighting and heating controls.
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
1
MUNICIPAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN
MUNICIPALITY OF THE DISTRICT OF CHESTER
APPENDIX A
CLIMATE CHANGE TABLES, PRIORITIES, AND
MITIGATION
(STEPS TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, SIX)
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
2
INTRODUCTION TO APPENDIX A
The Municipal Climate Change Action Plan for the Municipality of the District of Chester was developed using the
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan Guidebook issued in 2011 by the Service Nova Scotia & Municipal
Relations, a Department of the Government of Nova Scotia. The guidebook sets out the mandatory content of
Municipal Climate Change Action Plans as a series of steps.
STEP ONE: Assemble an Adaptation Team/Committee
STEP TWO: Identify Climate Change Issues and Hazards
STEP THREE: Identify Affected Locations
STEP FOUR: Identify Affected Facilities and Infrastructure
STEP FIVE: Identify affected Populations, Economic Sectors, and Environmental Issues
STEP SIX: Set Priorities for Action
Appendix A contains detailed analysis related to STEPS TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE and SIX in a series of tables.
ASSUMPTIONS AND PROCESS
The tables were developed using a set of references and assumptions, as follows:
References
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007, Climate Change 2007, The Physical Science Basis.
Retrieved December 2012 from http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html
Integrated Community Sustainability Plan, Municipality of the District of Chester (June 2009, Institute for Planning
and Design).
Modelled Potential Species Distribution for Current and Projected Future Climates for the Acadian Forest Region of
Nova Scotia, 2010, Bourque, C. P.A., Hassan, Q.K., and Swift, D.E.
Retrieved December 2012 from http://novascotia.ca/natr/forestry/
Scenarios and Guidance for Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise - N.S. and P.E.I. Municipalities, 2011,
William Richards and Real Daigle, retrieved December 2012 from http://atlanticadaptation.ca/
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan Guidebook, 2011, Canada-Nova Scotia Infrastructure Secretariat, Service
Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations.
The Municipal Climate Change Action Plan Assistant, 2011, Elemental Sustainability
Consulting Ltd. for the Canada-Nova Scotia Infrastructure Secretariat, Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations.
Coastal Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Municipality of the District of Chester, Nova Scotia (March 2012,
Planadapt Consulting, Elemental Sustainability Consulting, Dalhousie Marine Affairs Class of 2012).
Municipality of the District of Lunenburg: a Case Study in Climate Change Adaptation. Part 2 - Section 1, Future
Sea Level Rise and Extreme Water Level Scenarios for the Municipality of the District of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia,
May 2012, J. Critchely, J. Muise, E. Rapaport, and P. Manuel, retrieved December 2012 from
http://atlanticadaptation.ca/
Climate Change in Atlantic Canada Multi-media Project, Mount Allison University, retrieved February 2013 from
www.climatechangeatlantic.com.
Assumptions
a)
Sea Level Rise at the Mean High Water Level might approach 1.85 metres by the year 2100.
b)
We have no estimates on the rate of sea level rise, only on the possible amounts of sea level rise.
c)
When combined with the extreme high tides which recur regularly and the storm surge expected from an
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
3
intense storm, the plausible water level achieved during an emergency event at the present time is about 2 metres
above the current Mean High Water Mark.
d)
When combined with extreme high tides which recur regularly and with the storm surge expected from
more intense storms, the plausible water level achieved during an emergency event in the year 2100 is about five
metres above the current Mean High Water Mark. The mapping which accompanies this report shows the 2, 4, and
6 metre contours above the current high water mark for guidance in assessing the current and future hazards
resulting from sea level rise and storm surges.
e)
Intense rainfall events are expected to give up to 16% more rain in each event and these events are
expected to recur more often.
f)
Summer weather is expected to be drier and hotter as the next century progresses. Fall, winter and spring
are expected to be warmer and wetter.
R.E.M.O. Process input
Throughout the late winter and spring of 2012, the Lunenburg County Regional Emergency Measures Co-ordinator
met with planning and engineering staff from the Town of Bridgewater, the Town of Mahone Bay, the
Municipality of Chester and the Municipality of Lunenburg to develop a united identification of the hazards and
risks of climate change that are likely to affect Lunenburg County. That analysis led the Regional Emergency
Measures Organization to develop a Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Assessment for each of the identified hazards,
which was completed in July 2012. The complete text of the final document is attached as Appendix C.
For the purposes of this Climate Change Action Plan, the identified hazards related to the Municipality of Chester
are described in the following pages.
Analysis (STEPS TWO, THREE, FOUR AND FIVE)
The MCCAP team reviewed that information and expanded it to reflect the specifics of the Municipality of Chester.
That analysis is presented in the following tables, dealing with the thirteen climate change issues and hazards
identified by the team plus additional issues the team identified:
Coastal Flooding;
Inland Flooding;
Hurricane;
Extreme Weather Event;
Winter Storm/Blizzard;
Hot Days/Heat Wave;
Forest Fire/WildFire;
Drought;
Animal Disease.
Plant Disease;
Changes in Forest Cover;
Changes in Agricultural Crops.
Sea temperature rise, acidification, and Invasive Species.
Other Hazards
Other hazards were discussed by the team which felt they were better addressed by being included in the twelve
major categories listed above. Those secondary categories included erosion, landslides, public water supply
contamination, raw sewage releases.
Priorities for Action (STEP SIX)
The Adaptation Committee worked with Council on Step Six, which lists priorities for adaptation in the short,
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
4
medium and long term. These priorities are listed in the relevant table as
Infrastructure priorities
Outreach priorities
Policy and Planning priorities
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
5
1.0
CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, AFFECTED AREAS, AFFECTED INFRASTRUCTURE
3.1
Coastal Flooding
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Flooding of coastal lands by sea water.
(Includes Storm Surge - elevated sea level
caused by atmospheric low pressure area
associated with a large storm).
Climate Issues
Sea level rise resulting from the
increase in ocean volume.
The increase in the frequency of
intense storms.
Anticipated Future Effects
When combined with the on-going
land subsidence, these effects will
significantly increase the number
of significant flooding events .
Level of Preparedness
Low
Maps
Map 1, Coastal Flooding,
shows areas vulnerable to
coastal flooding. Maps 1A to
1E show most vulnerable
areas with Municipal
Infrastructure.
Information Gaps
Estimates of the rate of sea level rise due
to increase in ocean volumes vary widely,
introducing uncertainty about the
urgency of adaptation measures
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Places historically affected
Generally NSTIR infrastructure
within 1-2 metres of the high water
mark, specifically at Martins River
Bridge, Western Shore
Highway 3, East River Bridge,
Highway 329, Tancook ferry wharf
in Chester.
Some private causeways such as at
Marvins Island, Shaws Island, or Oak
Island are also vulnerable.
Expected Places Affected
Immediate concern is all places
within 2 Metres of High Water,
based on storm surges
experienced in Halifax and on the
predicted basic sea level rise.
However, areas within 4 metres
are vulnerable in the longer term,
based on estimates of sea level
rise, and the storm surge
experienced by New York in 2012.
The total sea level rise and storm
effects by the year 2100 are
expected to be in the range of 5 to
6 metres above the current high
water mark,
Long term concern is land mass
reduction of Mahone Bay islands
Degree of Impact
High
Maps of Affected Locations
Map 1, Coastal Flooding
shows the areas of
immediate concern (2 metre
contour), medium term
concern (4 metre contour)
and long term concern (6
metre contour).
Information Gaps
There has been no systematic record of
storm damage locations or repair costs.
There is no tide gauge in Lunenburg
County to record actual storm surge
heights.
The nearest tide gauges are in Halifax
and Yarmouth.
We have no mapping of storm sewers
associated with our sidewalks within the
areas of concern identified on Maps 1A to
1D.
Sewer System Asset mapping is about
80% complete.
Sewage plant treatment capacity needs
study.
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
Sewage treatment systems near the coast,
and in particular the pumping stations at low
points in those systems. Western Shore
pumping stations and treatment plant,
Chester Basin treatment system, Chester
Village pumping stations, Otter Point System.
Some street lighting, sidewalks, and parks are
also vulnerable.
Wharves and boat launches.
Storm sewers associated with sidewalks.
Municipal F & I Affected
Primarily sewer pumping stations
and sewage treatment plants,
although some sidewalks, storm
sewers and street lighting are also
vulnerable.
Western Shore Wild Rose Park is
extremely vulnerable.
Western Shore Sewage Treatment
plant is vulnerable at the 6 metre
elevation.
Kaizer Meadow Landfill may have to
accept large amounts of mixed
debris for disposal at short notice.
Specific Issues Anticipated
Disabling the control systems on
pumping stations, whether from
submergence, or from
concentrated salt water spray.
Erosion of the seawall and
landscaping at Wild Rose Park.
Shorting of electrical supply to
decorative street lighting.
Wharf and boat launch damage.
May need a temporary or
emergency landfill location at
Kaizer Meadow.
F & I Important to Emergencies
Streets and highways not owned
by the Municipality as well as the
fire stations at Western Shore and
Blandford, also not owned by the
Municipality.
Electric distribution system, not
owned by the Municipality.
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
Map 1A Western Shore
Sewer.
Map 1B Chester Basin Sewer
Map 1C Chester Village
Sewer
Map 1D Otter Point Sewer
Information Spreadsheets
Analysis of the efficiency of existing
infrastructure is shown in the
spreadsheets attached as an appendix to
this Plan.
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
6
Coastal Flooding
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Short-term - Residents and businesses below the 2
metre elevation at the seacoast
Medium term - people between the 2 metre and the
4 metre elevation.
Long-term - people between the 4 metre and the 6
metre elevation.
All persons on central sewer in Chester, Western
Shore, Otter Point, Chester Basin, because disabling
one pumping station by flooding may disable the
entire system.
All persons within the flooded area may experience
salt water intrusion into water supply wells, especially
shallow dug wells.
EMO Integration
REMO has done an HRVA.
Maps
Map 1 Coastal flooding
Map 1A Western shore
Map 1B Chester Basin
Map 1C Chester Village
Map 1D Otter Point
Map 1E Blandford
Hazards which Affect Health and Safety
Flooding will damage or destroy businesses
and homes, and block or damage roads,
restricting emergency response and affecting
longer-term access.
Flooding of pumping stations will result in the
release of raw sewage. Flooding Western
Shore treatment plant will result in long-term
releases of raw sewage.
Vulnerable fire stations are Western Shore and
Blandford
Salt water contamination of private wells.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors.
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Tancook Ferry service, all public wharves, and boat
launches.
All marinas.
Aquaculture and inshore fishery shore facilities.
Public Sector - repair and recovery costs for Municipal
and Provincial infrastructure, as well as loss of
assessment value, and sales taxes from economic
activity.
Tourism - from destruction of shoreline
infrastructure, marinas, retail shops and restaurants.
Banking and insurance industry, private homeowners.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
Short-term: Raise or strengthen key
facilities.
Long-term: abandon some locations,
retreat to higher ground or more
adaptable locations.
Diversify the economy.
Beneficial Effects
None
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Sea Level rise will increase the frequency
of coastal flooding events, which are
expensive to recover from.
Construction of new facilities is very
expensive, both private and public sector
Modifying public sector infrastructure to
prepare for increased emergencies is
expensive
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems related to
weather or climate change.
Well contamination by salt water.
Some coastal erosion, particularly of coastal roads.
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
More salt water intrusion into coastal
wells.
More erosion problems.
Home heating oil or sewage contamination
of private wells.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
Beaches - Piping Plovers
Islands - Roseate Terns
Saltwater marshes and wetlands
Bayswater Beach and East River Beach.
Salt marshes and stream estuaries.
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
PCBs - NSP Chester depot is above 6 metre
contour.
Sewer Plant - Chlorine and wastewater.
Marinas - Lubricating oils, fuel, paints.
Furnace Oil
Mixed debris from demolished homes and
other structures.
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Business continuity plan for the Municipal
office needs upgrading.
REMO is developing emergency
preparedness plans from their HRVA
assessments.
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
7
3.2
Inland Flooding
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Flooding caused by overflow of river, stream,
lake or similar water body.
Usually caused by intense precipitation
events, but may be combined with snow melt
and ice jams in the spring.
May combine at the coast with storm surge.
Climate Issues
Intense storms are predicted to
increase in frequency
Anticipated Future Effects
Increase in the number of flood
events
Level of Preparedness
Low
Maps
Map 2 - Low-Lying Areas
Information Gaps
No central record of flooding
issues although anecdotal
evidence indicates that highway
bridges are the most affected
infrastructure.
No analysis of rivers to identify
likely future flood areas.
Upgrade municipal specifications
for storm drainage standards.
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Places Historically Affected
Inland: Gold River at New Ross
East River and Martins River at
the Highway 3 bridges.
Chester Grant Road - Middle River
bridge.
Pumping Station in Chester
Village
Expected Places Affected
New Ross, Martins River, East
River.
Urbanised areas may experience
localized minor flooding, including
public parks
Western Shore Sewage Treatment
Plant
Chester Connection Trail - culvert
washouts, bridge abutments.
Pumping Station 2 at Cheater
Village.
Western Shore treatment plant at
Vaughns Brook.
New Ross treatment system.
Kaizer Meadow Landfill leachate
treatment and storm water
treatment.
Degree of Impact
high
Maps of Affected Locations
Map 2, Low-lying areas
Information Gaps
No analysis of rivers to identify
likely future flood areas.
There is no mapping of heritage,
cultural or archeological
resources, which may be
threatened.
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
New Ross sewage treatment
Municipal F & I Affected
New Ross Sewage treatment site.
Western Shore Sewer Plant
Chester Connection and
Aspotogan Trail culverts at
various locations.
Specific Issues Anticipated
Worst-case scenario of ice jam,
river flood and storm surge could
flood the Western Shore Sewer
Plant or the New Ross treatment
system.
F & I Important to Emergencies
Highway Bridges.
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
Map 1A Western Shore Sewer
Map 1B Chester Village Pumping
Station 2
Information Spreadsheets
Attached
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
8
Inland Flooding
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
No major flood locations identified in Chester
Municipality.
Many local flooding issues which may each affect
small number of people.
EMO Integration
None
Maps
Map 2, Low-lying Areas
Hazards which Affect Health and Safety
Closure of key highway bridges, power
outages.
Contamination of dug wells.
Disease associated with sewage treatment
failures, both public infrastructure and
private systems.
Inconvenience and disease caused by
mosquito and black fly hatches in spring
and summer floods.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including REMO,
police, fire, Red Cross, local contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Local transportation and community connections if
highway bridges are affected.
Forestry industry if woods road bridges are affected.
LP Canexcel hardboard plant may be affected if
pumping station at East River disabled.
Aquaculture - sedimentation.
Tourism - recreational fishery.
Municipal - damage to western Shore or New Ross
treatment systems. Costs of re-locating these systems.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
Upgrade Municipal Specifications to
require higher capacity in future storm
drainage systems.
Beneficial Effects
None
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Temporary disruption of communications,
large costs to the NS Dept of Transportation.
Disruption of forest harvesting.
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems related to
weather or climate change.
Flooding of pasture land washing manure into
streams.
Highway Bridges and cross-culverts threatened
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
More frequent flood events.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
None
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
On site sewage disposal systems.
Raw sewage release - Western Shore
treatment plant, New Ross treatment
system.
Emergency Preparedness Plan
In conjunction with REMO.
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
9
3.3
Hurricane
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Hurricane - a tropical storm with strong winds
and heavy rain.
Coastal and inland flooding are both likely, and
may combine at the mouths of rivers. Large
waves may intensify the effects of coastal
flooding.
Strong winds cause damage to forest land,
electricity infrastructure, other structures.
Climate Issues
Rise in sea temperatures in
temperate latitudes.
Increase in the frequency of
Intense storms
Anticipated Future Effects
As sea temperatures increase at
temperate latitudes, more tropical
storms are expected to arrive as
hurricanes in Nova Scotia waters.
Level of Preparedness
Medium
Maps
Map 1 Coastal Flooding
Map 2 Inland Flooding.
Information Gaps
Areas subject to inland flooding
are not well identified.
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
See: Coastal flooding and
Inland Flooding
Expected Places Affected
See: Coastal Flooding and Inland
Flooding
Degree of Impact
High
Maps of Affected Locations
Map 1 Coastal Flooding
Map 2 Inland Flooding.
Information Gaps
There has been no systematic
record of storm damage locations
or repair costs. There is no tide
gauge in Lunenburg County to
record actual storm surge heights.
No analysis of rivers to identify
likely future flood areas.
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
See: Coastal Flooding and Inland Flooding
Municipal F & I Affected
See: Coastal Flooding and
Inland Flooding.
Note that high winds may
cause destruction of buildings,
which will produce large
amounts of mixed waste to be
processed at the Kaizer
Meadow landfill.
Specific Issues Anticipated
See: Coastal Flooding and Inland
Flooding.
Interruption of electricity supply.
Sewage pumping stations and
treatment plants affected by
flooding and power outages
causing sewage backups into
basements and sewage overflows.
Municipal office is a Secondary
Emergency Operations Centre,
which might be activated.
There will be a need for
emergency debris disposal site at
Kaizer Meadow Landfill.
F & I Important to Emergencies
See: Coastal Flooding and Inland
Flooding.
High winds threaten the electrical
distribution system.
High winds might affect wind
turbine installations.
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
Map 1A Western Shore Sewer.
Map 1B Chester Basin Sewer
Map 1C Chester Village Sewer
Map 1D Otter Point Sewer
Map 1E Blandford
Information Spreadsheets
Attached
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
10
Hurricane
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
As for Coastal Flooding and Inland Flooding.
Elderly and infirm are particularly vulnerable to
power outages caused by wind.
This includes the nursing homes in Chester,
Western Shore, and New Ross in particular
EMO Integration
REMO hurricane hazard plan.
Maps
Map 1 Coastal flooding
Map 1A Western shore
Map 1B Chester Basin
Map 1C Chester Village
Map 1D Otter Point
Map 1E Blandford
Map 2, Low-lying Areas
Hazards which Affect Health and
Safety
Closure of key highway bridges
Flooding of coastal highways.
Tree damage due to wind.
Blowing debris may damage buildings.
Power outage resulting in the release of
raw sewage from pumping stations or
treatment plants.
Flooding causing release of raw sewage
from manholes.
Downed electrical wires.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
As for coastal flooding and inland flooding.
Forestry can be greatly affected by wind damage.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
None identified
Beneficial Effects
None identified
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Damage to shore facilities can cripple
the fishery.
Damage to accommodations such as
hotels can affect Tourism.
Other related damage to private and
public facilities can have very high cost
for recovery.
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems related to
weather or climate change.
Hurricane Juan at Halifax.
Hurricane Sandy at New York.
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
More frequent and more intense storms
are expected.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
Bayswater Beach and East River Beach.
Salt marshes and stream estuaries.
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
Home heating oil tanks
Mixed debris, including animal
carcasses which must be handled at the
Kaizer Meadow Landfill.
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Developed with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
11
3.4
Extreme Sudden Weather Event
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Extreme sudden weather events such as
thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hail storms.
Climate Issues
Frequency and intensity of
severe storms are expected to
increase.
Anticipated Future Effects
As the frequency of severe storms
increases, the frequency of
damage from extreme sudden
weather events will increase.
Level of Preparedness
Medium
Maps
None
Information Gaps
Rate of change in frequency and
intensity of storms
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Entire Municipality is vulnerable,
Historical Places Affected
Entire Municipality.
Expected Places Affected
More extensive local flooding,
possible stream flooding (see:
inland flooding).
More frequent lightning strikes on
electrical distribution system.
Degree of Impact
Medium
Maps of Affected Locations
Map 2, Inland Flooding
Information Gaps
None identified
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
Sewage pumping and treatment
Municipal F & I Affected
Power outage - sewage
pumping and treatment.
Landfill - power outages and
increases in Construction and
Demolition waste.
Building Inspection - building
damage assessment.
Specific Issues Anticipated
Power outage
Fast response by fire departments.
Fire department resources may be
inadequate for large events.
F & I Important to Emergencies
Fire Departments
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
None
Information Spreadsheets
Attached
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
12
Extreme Sudden Weather Event
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Elderly, very young.
EMO Integration
REMO all hazards plan.
Maps
None
Hazards which Affect Health and
Safety
Power outages due to lightning strikes
or wind damage.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Similar to hurricane.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
None identified
Beneficial Effects
None identified
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Potentially high, depending on the track
of the storm.
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Sudden rises in stream and river levels.
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
More frequent occurrence of
thunderstorms, tornados, hailstorms
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
None identified
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
Nova Scotia Power - Possible PCBs in
storage.
Emergency Preparedness Plan
In conjunction with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
13
3.5
Winter Storm/Blizzard
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Severe winter storm with strong winds and
heavy precipitation which may be in form of
snow, freezing rain, rain, or any combination of
these.
Climate Issues
Predicted increase in the
frequency of severe storms.
Anticipated Future Effects
Severe winter storms will occur
more often
Level of Preparedness
High
Maps
Map 1 - Coastal Flooding
Map 2 - Inland Flooding.
Information Gaps
Rate of change in frequency and
intensity of storms
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Entire Municipality is vulnerable
Historical Places Affected
All highways.
Wharves.
All low-lying areas
Expected Places Affected
All Highways and wharves.
Low-lying areas
Electrical distribution system.
Degree of Impact
High
Maps of Affected Locations
Map 2, Low-lying Areas
Information Gaps
None identifies.
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
Sewage pumping and treatment
Municipal sidewalks
Two Municipal roads.
Municipal F & I Affected
Access to Sewage Treatment
Plants and pumping stations.
Municipal sidewalks.
Both Municipal roads.
Landfill operation.
Specific Issues Anticipated
See: inland flooding for snowmelt
and rain events.
Access to all Facilities and
infrastructure is compromised.
F & I Important to Emergencies
Fire Departments,Emergency
Operations Centre.
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
Map 2, Low-lying areas
Information Spreadsheets
Attached
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
14
Winter Storm/Blizzard
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
The very young, elderly and infirm are
particularly vulnerable.
EMO Integration
REMO all hazards plan
Maps
Map 1 - Coastal Flooding
Map 2 - Inland Flooding.
Hazards which Affect Health and
Safety
Road blockage due to snow, power
outage due to wet snow, ice, and wind.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
All sectors of the economy.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
None identified
Beneficial Effects
None
Economic Effects of Emergencies
High
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Winter storms are common occurrence
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
More frequent intense storms are
predicted.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
None identified
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
None identified
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Developed with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
15
3.6
Hot Days/Heat Wave
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE
ISSUES & HAZARDS
Hazard
Heat wave: three consecutive days
with temperatures over 30 degrees
Celsius
Climate Issues
Climate projections indicate drier, hotter
summers with an increase in mean
temperatures
Anticipated Future Effects
Increase in the number of hot
days and the likelihood of heat
waves.
Increased electricity use, need
for medical help.
Mean temperature increase may
lead to outdoor work
inefficiencies.
Level of Preparedness
Low
Maps
None
Information Gaps
Rate of increase in mean
temperatures is unknown.
Climate Change Benefits
Increase in summer
temperatures will favour heat-
loving crops.
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Expected Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Degree of Impact
High
Maps of Affected
Locations
Map 3, Emergency
Response
Information Gaps
As above
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities &
Infrastructure
None
Municipal F & I Affected
Outside maintenance of parks, sewers
becomes more difficult in extended heat
wave.
Specific Issues Anticipated
Increased pressure on
groundwater resources
Increased pressure for central
water supply in Chester Village
Increased pressure for weekly
garbage collection.
F & I Important to Emergencies
Municipality will co-operate with
community groups to set up comfort
stations (cooling centres).
Maps of Affected
Municipal
Infrastructure
None
Information Spreadsheets
Attached
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
16
Hot Days/Heat Wave
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
The very young, elderly and sick people are
particularly vulnerable.
EMO Integration
REMO all hazards plan
Maps
None
Hazards which Affect Health and
Safety
Prolonged heat is itself a hazard .to
health.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
All sectors
Forestry is particularly vulnerable to woods
travel closures.
All sectors are vulnerable to brownouts
caused by pressure on power supplies for
air conditioning.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
Review Nova Scotia Power ability to
generate sufficient power to meet
demand.
Beneficial Effects
None
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Medium
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Relatively small number of occurrences.
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
Increase in the number of occurrences.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
Water loss in wetland areas
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
None identified
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Developed with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
17
3.7
Forest Fire/ Wildfire
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Uncontrolled fire in forest land.
May threaten residential areas.
About 97% of wildfires in Nova Scotia are caused
by human activities.
Climate Issues
Drier hotter summers are
predicted
Anticipated Future Effects
Increased difficulty in controlling
wildfires
Level of Preparedness
High
Maps
None
Information Gaps
Rate of change in mean
temperatures
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
All woodlands
Expected Places Affected
All woodlands and natural open
areas
Most residential areas
Degree of Impact
High
Maps of Affected Locations
Map 4, Forested Areas
Information Gaps
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
Sewage treatment plants and sewage pumping
stations.
Municipal F & I Affected
Sewage treatment plants and
sewage pumping stations.
Specific Issues Anticipated
Destruction of productive forest
land, destruction of residential
areas.
Damage to parklands and to
sewage systems.
Continued education of the public
on fire safety.
Land Use - the urban/forest
interface may need regulation to
protect houses from wildfires.
The municipality may need to
further restrict open burning.
F & I Important to Emergencies
Fire Departments. None are
owned or operated by the
Municipality.
Provincial forest fire fighting
resources.
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
Map 3, Emergency Response
Information Spreadsheets
Attached
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
18
Forest Fire/Wildfire
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Most of the population lives in or near
forested land.
EMO Integration
In REMO all hazards plan
Maps
Map 4 Forest Areas
Hazards which Affect Health and
Safety
Uncontrolled fire
Inhalation of smoke from extensive
wildfire.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Forestry
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
See previous page - Land use may require
regulation to protect housing from
wildfires.
Beneficial Effects
None identified
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Large wildfires may destroy large
amounts of valuable forest land.
Uncontrolled wildfires may destroy
housing.
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Extensive damage to NS forests before
forest fire fighting became practical.
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
More hot dry summers will likely increase
the risk of forest fire.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
Provincial protected lands (12%).
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
None identified
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Developed with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
19
3.8
Drought
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Prolonged period of abnormally dry weather that
depletes water resources.
Climate Issues
Higher temperatures and
decreased precipitation during
summer months
Anticipated Future Effects
Increased risk of drought.
Level of Preparedness
Low
Maps
None
Information Gaps
Global Climate models leave some
uncertainty about the effects in
Atlantic Canada.
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Expected Places Affected
Entire Municipality.
Reduction of private water supply
from wells.
Potential for salt water intrusion
along the coast.
Impact on some agricultural crops
from lack of irrigation water.
Degree of Impact
Medium to high
Maps of Affected Locations
None
Information Gaps
Affected agricultural crops.
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
None affected directly.
Municipal office and Kaizer Meadow Landfill
office have drilled wells.
Municipal F & I Affected
Parks and grounds
Specific Issues Anticipated
Maintenance of parks and grounds
will be affected.
Increased pressure for water
supply in Chester Village.
F & I Important to Emergencies
None
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
None
Information Spreadsheets
Attached
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
20
Drought
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
People on dug wells are especially
vulnerable.
The core of Chester Village is known to be
particularly vulnerable.
Some agricultural operations are
vulnerable.
EMO Integration
In REMO all hazards plan
Maps
None
Hazards which Affect Health and
Safety
Reduced drinking water supply
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Chester Village businesses.
Local small farms
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
Central water supply for Chester Village
Beneficial Effects
Possible increase in tourism, boating and
outdoor recreation.
Economic Effects of Emergencies
None identified
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Drought is infrequent in Chester
Municipality.
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
Drier, hotter summers will produce more
frequent drought conditions.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
Wetlands, lakes and streams.
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
None identified
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Developed with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
21
3.9
Animal Disease, Pests, and Invasive Species
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
1. Diseases affecting agricultural animals
2. Diseases affecting wildlife
3. Animal diseases affecting humans
Climate Issues
Changes in mean temperature
and precipitation create
favourable conditions for
diseases which have been
historically rare or unknown in
the Atlantic Region
Anticipated Future Effects
Diseases and pests adapted to
warmer climates will be
introduced and thrive in Atlantic
Canada.
Recent examples include the
black-legged tick which carries
Lyme Disease and white nose
syndrome which affects bats.
Level of Preparedness
1. High for agricultural animals
2. Medium for Wildlife
3. High for humans
Maps
Map 5 Agriculture Areas
Information Gaps
The identity of likely diseases
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Expected Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Degree of Impact
Medium
Maps of Affected Locations
None
Information Gaps
Future threats are unknown
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
Kaizer Meadow Environmental Management
Centre
Municipal F & I Affected
KMEMC Landfill
Specific Issues Anticipated
Disposal of large numbers of
animal carcasses at short notice.
F & I Important to Emergencies
Landfill
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
Map 5 Agricultural Areas
Information Spreadsheets
None
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
22
Animal Disease, Pests, and Invasive Species
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Agricultural workers are vulnerable to any
animal/human disease cross-over.
EMO Integration
In REMO all hazards plan
Maps
Map 5 Agricultural Areas.
Hazards which Affect Health and
Safety
Bites/stings by disease vectors
Consumption of contaminated foods.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Agricultural Sector
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
Agriculture Canada maintains a
surveillance and reporting system.
Beneficial Effects
None
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Interruption of food supplies
Destruction of contaminated
foods/livestock
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Increased range of disease vectors,
including the dog tick and the black-legged
tick (Lyme disease)
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
Continued change in the range of disease
vectors such as ticks, resulting in the
importation of new diseases
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
Wetlands
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
In animal disease outbreaks, there may
be large numbers of animal carcasses to
be dealt with quickly and in a sanitary
way to avoid human health threats.
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Developed with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
23
3.10
Plant Disease, Pests, and Invasive Species
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
1. Diseases affecting agricultural plants.
2. Diseases affecting forest plants.
Climate Issues
Changes in mean temperature
and precipitation create
favourable conditions for
diseases which have been
historically rare or unknown in
the Atlantic Region.
Anticipated Future Effects
Diseases and pests adapted to
warmer climates will be
introduced and thrive in Atlantic
Canada.
Heat and drought stress will make
some plants more susceptible to
disease.
Level of Preparedness
1.High for agricultural plants
2. Medium for forest plants.
Maps
Map 5 Agriculture Areas
Information Gaps
Identity of likely diseases and
pests.
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Expected Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Degree of Impact
1.High for agricultural plants
2. Medium for forest plants.
Maps of Affected Locations
Map 4, Forest Areas
Map 5, Agricultural Areas
Information Gaps
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
None
Municipal F & I Affected
Parkland and other Municipal
lands.
Specific Issues Anticipated
Loss of woodland.
Loss of agricultural crops
Need for a Municipal land
Management Policy.
Need for forest management plan
at Kaizer Meadow landfill.
F & I Important to Emergencies
None
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
None
Information Spreadsheets
None
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
24
Plant Disease, Pests, and Invasive Species
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Agricultural and forestry workers.
EMO Integration
In REMO all hazards plan
Maps
Map 5 Agriculture Areas
Hazards which Affect on Health and
Safety
Consumption of contaminated foods.
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Agriculture and Forestry
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
None identified
Beneficial Effects
None identified
Economic Effects of Emergencies
Destruction of contaminated foods.
Failure of diseased/infested crops
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
None identified
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
Continued change in the range of disease
vectors, resulting in the importation of
new diseases
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
Farmland
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
Pesticides and herbicides
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Developed with REMO
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
25
3.11
Forest Cover Changes
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE
ISSUES & HAZARDS
Hazard
The pace of climate change is expected to be more rapid than any
previous change shown in the geological record, and is expected to
be proceed more quickly than forest plant populations can move
Climate Issues
Rapid changes in mean
temperature and
precipitation
Anticipated Future Effects
Changes in forest composition, with
susceptible species dying out relatively
quickly over the next 100 years.
Level of
Preparedness
Low
Maps
Map 4 Forest Areas
Information Gaps
The pace of climate
change is yet
unknown.
Climate Change Benefits
Some native species may grow more
rapidly in some parts of the Province
in warmer conditions.
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
Unprecedented change
Expected Places Affected
Entire Municipality
Degree of Impact
Medium
Maps of Affected
Locations
Map 4, Forested Areas
Information Gaps
The pace of climate
change is yet
unknown.
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
Parklands, Landfill property, Municipal Islands.
Municipal F & I Affected
Parklands, Landfill
property, Municipal
Islands.
Specific Issues Anticipated
Change in forest species mix will change
the economy of forest operations,
including Christmas trees.
F & I Important to
Emergencies
None
Maps of Affected
Municipal
Infrastructure
None
Information
Spreadsheets
None
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
26
Forest Cover Changes
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Forestry workers, all residents.
EMO Integration
Not addressed - no emergencies foreseen
Maps
Map 4 Forest Areas
Hazards which Affect on Health and
Safety
None identified
Emergency Resources
REMO plans list resources, including
REMO, police, fire, Red Cross, local
contractors
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Forestry and related industries.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
When planting cut-over areas, use species
adapted to warmer conditions.
Beneficial Effects
None
Economic Effects of Emergencies
No emergencies forseen.
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Human-induced changes to the forest have
been faster than climate-related changes.
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
As climate changes to warmer winters and
hotter, drier summers, the mix of forest
species will change.
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
All forested lands, all species.
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
None identified
Emergency Preparedness Plan
None
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
27
3.12
Agricultural Crop Changes
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE
ISSUES & HAZARDS
Hazard
The pace of climate change is expected to be more rapid than any previous
change shown in the geological record. Traditional agricultural crops may not
thrive, other crops may become economically viable.
Climate Issues
Rapid changes in mean
temperature and
precipitation
Anticipated Future Effects
Some current crops may not thrive in the
new conditions, but there is an opportunity
to introduce new crops.
Level of
Preparedness
None
Maps
Map 5 Agriculture
Areas
Information Gaps
The pace of climate
change is yet unknown.
Climate Change
Benefits
There may be an
opportunity for new
crops.
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
Unprecedented change
Expected Places Affected
Agricultural operations.
Degree of Impact
Medium
Maps of Affected
Locations
Map 5, Agricultural
Areas
Information Gaps
The pace of climate
change is yet unknown.
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
None
Municipal F & I Affected
None
Specific Issues Anticipated
None
F & I Important to
Emergencies
None
Maps of Affected
Municipal
Infrastructure
None
Information
Spreadsheets
None
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
28
Agricultural Crop Changes
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Agricultural workers
EMO Integration
No emergency foreseen
Maps
Map 5 Agriculture Areas
Hazards which Affect on Health and
Safety
None identified
Emergency Resources
N/A
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Agriculture
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
Gradual adaptation of commercial crops to
changing growing conditions.
Beneficial Effects
Farmers may be able to switch to new
crops.
Economic Effects of Emergencies
None identified
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Unprecedented Change
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
N/A
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
All farmlands
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
None identified
Emergency Preparedness Plan
N/A
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
29
3.13
Sea Temperature Rise, Acidification, and Invasive Species
Step Two
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES &
HAZARDS
Hazard
Climate change results in warmer waters along
the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, changing the
mix of plant and animal species in our waters.
Traditional fisheries may collapse.
Unfamiliar diseases and pests may thrive.
Invasive species from further south may thrive
Climate Issues
Sea temperatures in this area
may continue to warm,
changing local climate and
changing the plant and animal
populations in the sea.
Increased input of carbon
acidifies sea water, interfering
with the growth of shells by m
a great many organisms, from
plankton to coral, shellfish,
crabs and lobsters.
Invasive species supplant
native species and change the
local ecology.
Anticipated Future Effects
Warmer sea temperatures also
allow storms such as hurricanes to
retain greater strength as they
enter Nova Scotia waters..
Changes in animal and plant
populations will increase.
Increased general warming may
change the course of the Gulf
Stream, which could lead a sudden
cooling of the waters off Nova
Scotia.
Level of Preparedness
Low
Maps
None
Information Gaps
The future pace of sea
temperature rise and acidification
are unknown
Climate
Change
Benefits
None
Step Three
AFFECTED LOCATIONS
Historical Places Affected
Entire coast has been affected
by invasive species such as
tunicates and green crabs.
Expected Places Affected
Entire coastline
Degree of Impact
High
Maps of Affected Locations
None
Information Gaps
The future pace of sea
temperature rise and acidification
are unknown
Step Four
FACILITIES &
INFRASTRUCTURE
Key Municipal Facilities & Infrastructure
Wharves
Municipal F & I Affected
Wharves
Specific Issues Anticipated
None identified
.
F & I Important to Emergencies
None identified
Maps of Affected Municipal
Infrastructure
None
Information Spreadsheets
Appendix A
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
30
Sea Temperature Rise, Acidification, Invasive Species
Step 5(a)
WHO WILL BE AFFECTED
Who is Vulnerable?
Aquaculture and fisheries
EMO Integration
No emergency foreseen
Maps
None
Hazards which Affect on Health and
Safety
None
Emergency Resources
N/A
Step 5(b)
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
Vulnerable Economic Areas
Aquaculture and fisheries, including fishing
tourism.
Lobster and crab fisheries.
Options for dealing with threats to the
economy
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Beneficial Effects
None identified
Economic Effects of Emergencies
N/A
Step 5(c)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Historical Environmental Problems
related to weather or climate change.
Green crabs are having a serious effect on
sea urchins and thus on seaweeds.
Tunicates are smothering mussel farms
Expected Change in Environmental
Problems
Pace of change is expected to increase
Sensitive Habitats, Ecosystems, Wildlife,
Endangered species
All salt water populations of fish and
plants.
Dangerous or Hazardous Materials
None identified
Emergency Preparedness Plan
None
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
31
PRIORITIES FOR ADAPTATION
SHORT-TERM: 0 TO 5 YEARS
MEDIUM-TERM: 5 TO 20 YEARS
LONG-TERM: OVER 20 YEARS.
INFRASTRUCTURE
TOP PRIORITY
Develop the Information Services Department capacity to acquire, store, and manage data on infrastructure and
mapping.
Finish the asset mapping for sewer systems, sidewalks, storm systems, street lighting.
Identify and map vulnerable emergency response, cultural and heritage resources. (Includes wharves, slipways,
beaches, fire halls, schools, etc.)
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
- Review inflow and infiltration effect on capacity and develop mitigation plans
- review emergency power options and develop mitigation plan
- Review vulnerability to coastal flooding and inland flooding and develop mitigation plan
- Review expansion options and replacement options and identify preferred options.
SEWAGE LIFT STATIONS
- Review Power outage options for all, based on vulnerability and function and develop mitigation plan.
FORCE MAINS
- review installation standards for those potentially affected by tide and coastal flooding
NEW ROSS AND WESTERN SHORE STP
- monitor and record all river flood events.
SECOND PRIORITY
PARKS
-Review all park and recreation land for vulnerability and long-term adaptation plans.
TRAILS
- Monitor and identify potential drainage problems on the Chester Connection and Aspotogan Trails.
- Review and assess all bridges on the Chester Connection and Aspotogan Trails and develop upgrade schedule.
WHARVES AND SLIPWAYS
- Review vulnerability to sea level rise and storm surges, inspect regularly, repair, and maintain against increasing
storm damage.
KAIZER MEADOW LANDFILL
- Adapt landfill operation, leachate treatment and stormwater treatment systems to manage increased rainfall
RESPONSIBILTY
Information Services
Public Works
Recreation and Parks
Public Works
Kaiser Meadow
Keep Asset mapping up to date.
Implement mitigation plans incrementally each year.
Implement mitigation plans incrementally each year
Upgrade installation whenever force mains are replaced.
Develop mitigation plans based on recorded observations.
Develop mitigation or abandonment plans.
Upgrade drainage incrementally each year.
Upgrade bridges incrementally each year.
Plan for re-location or abandonment of wharves and
slipways
Re-evaluate Municipal Climate Change Action Plan.
Re-locate or abandon wharves and slipways.
OUTREACH
Publish this climate Change Action Plan throughout the Municipality, including website, regular mention in
newsletters, presentations to community groups. Include and publicise legible maps showing vulnerable
areas.
Refer bridge, highway and storm drainage infrastructure issues to the NS Dept. of Transportation and
Infrastructure Renewal.
Develop agreements with TIR on maintenance of storm drainage which affects Municipal Infrastructure.
Refer this Climate Change Action Plan to Development Agencies and the Regional Emergency Measures
Organisation.
Info Services; Community
Development
Public works
Community Development
Continue to promote Climate Change Action Plan and its
review processes.
Re-evaluate Municipal Climate Change Action Plan
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
32
POLICY AND
PLANNING
Review Municipal Planning Strategy, Subdivision By-law, Land Use By--law and Building Code By-law to
develop policy and regulation on development near vulnerable areas, including forested areas.
Update Municipal Specifications, with emphasis on storm water and on sewage treatment.
Consult with REMO and Fire Departments to develop pre-planning for the expected emergency events and
with Nova Scotia emergency Measures Office to co-ordinate emergency services.
Include Climate Change issues in all infrastructure investment and planning
Examine the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (September
2013), and review this Plan accordingly.
Continue to monitor and to protect the watershed of Spectacle Lake
Community Development
Public Works
Community Development
Public Works
Community Development
Public Works
Monitor Municipal Specifications and all planning
documents for accommodation to climate changes.
Continue monitoring and updating pre-plans
Review Climate Change Action Plan periodically and update
as required in light of observed changes and updated
predictions.
Monitor Municipal Specifications and all planning
documents for accommodation to climate changes
Continue monitoring and updating pre-plans
Periodic review of Climate Change Action Plan.
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
33
MITIGATION
The Municipality completed an inventory of all its corporate energy use using the base year of 2006, in order to determine its corporate greenhouse gas emissions (see Appendix D). This showed that the largest total energy consumer for the Municipality is the Kaizer Meadow
Environmental Management Centre, due to the leachate treatment facility, as well as the large amount of diesel fuel consumed by the mobile equipment on the site. The second largest consumer is the heavy vehicles fleet used for solid waste collection and transfer to Kaizer
Meadow. The third largest consumer is the category of wastewater collection and treatment systems operated by the Municipality in various communities. The fourth largest consumer of energy is the category of streetlights, including those owned by the Municipality, and those
leased by the Municipality from Nova Scotia Power. The energy consumed by the corporate buildings is, in total, less than any of the other categories.
Following this inventory the Municipality completed in 2009 a Municipal Energy Audit Report (see Appendix E), which provided an analysis of the corporate energy consumption of the various assets of the Municipality. This audit also provided a list of measures and opportunities to
reduce energy consumption and the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions for each of these assets. Recommendations to address the four highest energy consumers are:
Install new high efficiency equipment at the Kaiser Meadow leachate treatment facility;
Review vehicle size, especially vehicles servicing Kaiser Meadow, for fuel efficiency, and improve vehicle performance through routine maintenance and monitoring;
Reduce running times for aeration blowers and other equipment in the wastewater system, and utilize high efficiency equipment and parts in the system; and
Review street lighting usage and consider the strategic location of new streetlights to service areas where they are most needed.
The Municipality has been working at implementing the recommendations of the report. Work done to date includes:
All overhead light fixtures in the Chester Office and the Annex buildings changed to high efficiency fixtures.
All building heating controls upgraded to programmable controls.
All exit lights upgraded to LED fixtures.
Floor space at Zoe Valle Library insulated
Complete vehicle log and monitoring system established
The Municipality intends to continue implementing the recommendations of the energy audit year by year. The Municipality is now reviewing the details of its streetlight leases with Nova Scotia Power, and the usage of the streetlights it owns in several communities.
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
1
MUNICIPAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN
MUNICIPALITY OF THE DISTRICT OF CHESTER
APPENDIX B
INFRASTRUCTURE RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE
Municipal Climate Change Action Plan - Chester Municipality
2
INTRODUCTION TO APPENDIX B
The following spreadsheet pages were developed in February 2013 by Matthew Davidson, Director of
Public Works, and Geoff Macdonald, Planner, by inserting data into a pre-formatted Appendix B
spreadsheet in the Microsoft Excel program supplied by Service Nova Scotia and Municipal Relations.
The risk evaluation was based on the perceived risk over the next 10 to 20 years, as low, medium, or
high.
The pre-formatted spreadsheet calculates on each page a total risk assessment based on numerical
values as follows:
L = Low Risk = 1
M = Medium Risk = 2
H = High Risk = 3
If the spreadsheet calculates a total numerical value on any line as 'high', a secondary spreadsheet
opens, with detailed explanations of the nature of the risk and the steps required to mitigate the risk.
In the case of Chester's municipal infrastructure, no assets were calculated to have high risk, so there
are no secondary sheets completed.
30-01-13 2:13 PM
Climate Change Adaptation Plan
Water System
Water Source (Wells, Surface Water, Other)
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
8
L
Water Treatment Plant
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
7
L
Water Storage Facilities
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
7
L
Water Pumping Facilities
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Water Distribution System
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
7
L
Individual Water Service Lines
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
8
L
Total
37
Risk
Temperature
5
5
5
1
5
1
5
5
5
Extreme Wind
Rain
Snow
Sea Level
Rise
Precipitation (extreme
event)
Earthquake
Total
Municipal Asset
Erosion
Low
High
Flooding
Sanitary Sewer System
Wastewater Treatment Plant
M
2
L
1
M
2
L
1
M
2
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
12
M
Buildings
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Wastewater Gravity Sewer
M
2
L
1
M
2
N
0
M
2
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
11
M
Wastewater Pressure Sewer (Forcemain)
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
8
L
Pumping Stations
M
2
L
1
M
2
L
1
M
2
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
12
M
Total
43
4
4
4
4
7
7
4
7
2
Page 1 of 3
30-01-13 2:13 PM
Risk
Temperature
Extreme Wind
Rain
Snow
Sea Level
Rise
Precipitation (extreme
event)
Earthquake
Total
Municipal Asset
Erosion
Low
High
Flooding
Storm Sewer System
Catchbasins
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
N
0
L
1
N
0
L
1
6
L
Manholes
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
N
0
N
0
N
0
L
1
5
L
Pipes
L
1
N
0
L
1
N
0
L
1
N
0
N
0
N
0
L
1
4
L
Total
15
Municipal Buildings
Buildings
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
6
L
Total
6
0
1
0
3
3
2
3
0
3
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
Landfills/Solid Waste Facilities
Flooding
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
8
L
Access Road
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
8
L
Leachate Collection
N
0
L
1
M
2
L
1
L
1
N
0
N
0
N
0
L
1
6
L
Leachate Treatment
N
0
L
1
M
2
L
1
N
0
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
7
L
Buildings
N
0
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
6
L
Total
35
Dams
Flooding
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Control Gates
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Access Road
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Fish Passage
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Total
0
5
0
5
7
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
4
3
Page 2 of 3
30-01-13 2:13 PM
Risk
Temperature
Extreme Wind
Rain
Snow
Sea Level
Rise
Precipitation (extreme
event)
Earthquake
Total
Municipal Asset
Erosion
Low
High
Flooding
Roads
Bridges
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Traffic Signals
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Street Lighting
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
L
1
1
L
Signs
N
0
N
0
N
0
L
1
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
L
1
2
L
Culverts
N
0
L
1
M
2
L
1
M
2
N
0
L
1
N
0
L
1
8
L
Sidewalks
L
1
L
1
L
1
L
1
M
2
N
0
L
1
N
0
L
1
8
L
Local Roads
L
1
L
1
L
1
N
0
L
1
N
0
L
1
N
0
N
0
5
L
Collectors
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
N
0
0
L
Collectors
Total
24
*Please note all of the drop boxes must be filled in for each of the asset classes
2
3
4
3
5
0
3
0
4
Page 3 of 3
MUNICIPAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN
MUNICIPALITY OF THE DISTRICT OF CHESTER
APPENDIX C
HAZARD, RISK, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
REGIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION
Page 1 of 10
MCCAP and HRVA Workshop Summary
Project Background (MCCAP and REMO Collaborative Work Project)
Each Municipality in Nova Scotia is tasked with completing a Municipal Climate Change Adaptation
Plan (MCCAP) by December 2013.
During preliminary work it became obvious there is clear cross-over between the information needed to
complete the MCCAP and the information gathered to complete the REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability
Assessment (HRVA) model. REMO uses completed HRVA models to assess the impacts of identified
threats and direct Emergency Planning efforts at all levels of mitigation, preparedness, response and
recovery. There are 9 hazards identified that have some linkage to Climate Change. It was determined
that completion of the HRVA for each of these 9 related hazards will not only provide hazard analysis
for responding to emergencies within REMO, it will also gather the information required for much of
Steps 2, 3, and part of Step 5 out of the 6 Steps necessary to complete the MCCAP.
By contributing concentrated effort to completing 9 HRVAs in the shared REMO capacity, each
municipality will have information available to them that can extrapolated from the HRVAs directly
into their MCCAP. Each of the REMO municipalities committed to this project.
Project Process
For the first step of this process, the REMC completed a draft version of each of the following hazards:
-Flood Inland
-Hurricane
-Storm Surge (later changed to Coastal Flooding)
-Drought
-Forest/Wildland Fire
-Hot Days/Heat Wave
-Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hail
-Animal Disease
-Winter Storm/Blizzard
The nine draft HRVAs were then circulated to each Municipal unit for familiarization and review
through the Planning Officer or person responsible for MCCAP completion and Assistant Emergency
Coordinator (AEC). Each Municipal unit reviewed the documents for the purpose of indentifying
information available to enhance completion of the HRVA and to identify internal sources for this
information. During this step in the process maps were also generated to support analysis.
Page 2 of 10
Each municipal unit established a committee consisting of the REMC, AEC's, Planning Officers and
any other pertinent staff members identified as having crucial information for the HRVA.
Representatives from these individual committees participated in a 2 day workshop, facilitated by the
REMC, for the purpose of completing the 9 HRVAs as regional documents inclusive of each units
findings.
Workshop Goal and Objectives
Goal: To have completed a Regional HRVA for each of the 9 threats with an assigned ranking number
indicating priority for planning.
Workshop Objectives/Format (completed for each of the 9 threats)
1. Review basic impact of each threat with consideration for Climate Change predictions (REMC)
2. Review individual unit HRVA with emphasis on infrastructure and vulnerabilities for each
impact area identified on maps provided by units. (Unit Lead)
3. Complete any information gaps for each HRVA required for overall analysis (group +
assistance from outside sources via phone calls, internet etc. as required)
4. Compile all information into one Regional HRVA (REMC)
5. Assign overall regional ranking of threat (group consensus)
Review Process for Capturing Information outside Workshop Scope
It was identified that the detailed analysis of risk would likely identify issues of concern in all areas of
prevention, mitigation, adaptation, preparedness, response and recovery. It was recognized these issues
might be specific to a particular unit or regional in scope. In order to remain focused on analysis only
without losing valuable information for later use, a flagging system was utilized during the workshop.
Issues outside the scope of analysis, as well as issues, questions or concerns that could not be answered
during the workshop with the gathered resources and personnel were documented within three
categories:
1. White flag of surrender- any item that was a long-standing issue, considered political in nature,
or involved personnel not within the committee or unit jurisdictions (ex. Provincial, or
municipal leadership)
2. Red Stop for REMO- any item that should be addressed by the REMO group during response,
future planning or analysis
3. Green Go to MCCAP- any item that should be addressed through further MCCAP work.
All items are documented in Appendix A.
Page 3 of 10
Workshop Conclusions
Each of the nine HRVAs was completed. Final scores and hazard ranking are as per Table 1.1 below.
Table 1.1. HRVA/MCCAP Threat Analysis
Threat
Hazard Risk Vulnerability
Ranking
Hazard Risk Vulnerability
Actual Rating Score
(1-25)
Hurricane
High
25
Coastal Flooding
High
20
Flood Inland
High
20
Winter Storm/Blizzard
High
15
Wildland Fire
High
14
Hot Days
High
12
Drought
Moderate
10
Animal Disease Outbreak
Moderate
9
Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hailstorm Moderate
6
Workshop Recommendations
1. The REMC will compile the 9 detailed HRVAs with the workshop summary and forward to AEC's
for distribution throughout their committees.
2. It is recommended the completed HRVAs be utilized by each unit in completing their MCCAP. It is
suggested the HRVAs be included as an Appendix to the final document to fulfill requirements for
Steps 2 through 6 of the MCCAP.
3. The HRVAs should be compiled in a cleaner format/word processed document for inclusion in the
MCCAP. In particular, the environment and property damage cost section of the Impacts table could be
extracted and presented in a more user friendly/readable format. MODL (Douglas Reid) has a partial
template that could be used for this. One of the four units with resources to do this would then share the
formatted versions with REMO and the other three units.
4. A revised template of the HRVA as per # 3 above would be adopted for future REMO use.
Page 4 of 10
5. REMO should complete or revise existing Contingency Plans for the hazards as analyzed in priority
sequence.
6. The list of maps required as per Appendix B should be acquired for each municipal unit and
compiled by a lead mapping specialist for REMO use (MODL agreed to take the lead on this). A
comprehensive map book (hard and electronic format) should be compiled for REMO, MCCAP, and
additional municipal use.
7. The electronic versions of the map book as per #6 above should be uploaded to the REMO website
for access during an emergency or for planning stages.
8. All items identified in Appendix A should be assigned to responsible parties with timelines for
completion. It is recommended for items within "White Flag" section of Appendix A, CAO's from
Municipal units determine responsible parties for completion.
Page 5 of 10
Appendix A
The following includes all items documented during the workshop process that were deemed outside
the scope of the workshop but pertinent for future consideration and effort.
White Flags (surrender)
- Political Leadership can more properly assess Risk Tolerance
- Do units have complete BCP's for infrastructure loss?
- Get drought definition from NS Agriculture
- DNR response and capacity needs to be re-evaluated provincially
- Need inspection teams for post evacuation to allow for return of residents ( resources)
- Determine what temperature are set points for pumps etc. vulnerable to hot days
- Need NS TIR information (operational) on vulnerable infrastructure to inland flooding and
coastal flooding
- Need a better list of industrial, agricultural, hazardous material sites
- Can we define Severe/Major Thunderstorm?
- Need Base mapping for location of culverts (main) and bridges for all TIR roads
Red Stops (Items for REMO)
- Storm Surge plan should deal with wells (salt water intrusion) as public information to be
disseminated
- Public Service Announcements should include:
o To inform public of insurance coverage
o To inform public that current insurance doesn't cover inland flooding ( vertical)
- Need to include testing for Municipal Water supplies post flooding in plans
- Look at adding a "How to Communicate with " in the "Susceptible Persons" column for
effective EM planning
- Need maps for Telecommunication Towers
- Consider "Inn From the Cold" for Comfort Station in Bridgewater
- Need contact information for private campgrounds in Resource Inventory
Page 6 of 10
Green Stops (Items for MCCAP)
- Track response costs for Heat Days in local Fire Departments
- Flood mapping for Bridgewater Watershed (talk to Public Service Commission)
- MCCAP to identify flood plains and land use by-law to regulate land use in the Flood Plain
- Chester analysis for vulnerable populations to coastal flooding
- Connections with Lead Agencies on Animal-Related Diseases (vector mapping) incidence of
disease mapping (rabies, lyme, white nose, EEE, etc.)
- Registered farm/agricultural operations (mapping)
Page 7 of 10
Appendix B
The following maps are required for each municipal unit:
Coastal Flooding
Layers to include:
- Coastal dwellings/areas of
population
- Businesses
- Senior's/long term care complexes
- Farm/livestock
- Pet owners
- Mobile home parks
- Campgrounds
- Sewage plants
- Lift stations
- Industrial sites
- Gas stations
- NSP infrastructure (lines,
substations, regional office)
- Roadways
- Bridges
- Wharves and boat launches
- Ferry terminals (Chester,
Tancook(s); LaHave)
- Water treatment facilities
- Fire departments
- EHS stations
- Police stations
- Wells and on-site systems
-
All coastline (specific areas identified as vulnerable as below)
- Mahone Bay (maps from Dalhousie report- Edgewater and Main St.)
- Bridgewater (2-7m surge; Shipyard's Landing; Mall and area along low side of River front)
- MODL( Kingsburg, Petite; Riverport; Green Bay, Big and Little Tancook; other areas of
coastline)
- MODC (Highway 3; Highway 329; Western Shore/Gold River; Village of Chester; Blanford;
Hubbards)
Flood Inland
Layers to include:
- Dwellings/areas of population
- Pet owners
Page 8 of 10
- Livestock/farms
- Bridges along river (Bridgewater,
New Germany, Petite) LaHave,
Gold River at New Ross
- East River, Martin's River)
- Roadways
- Culverts
- Water or Waste Water Treatment
Facilities and Systems (New
Germany; Conquerall Bank;
Hebbville; Western Shore;
Bridgewater; Vaughan's Brook;
New Ross)
- Water and Waste Water lines under
LaHave River (Town of
Bridgewater and New Germany)
- NS Power Substations
- Dams (Bridgewater Watershed as
mapped and Morgan Falls in New
Germany)
- Source Water / water supply lakes
(Oakland)
- Cemeteries
- On site septic and wells;
- Industrial and agricultural sites with
potential hazardous waste and or
goods
All low lying/ flood prone areas mapped for:
-
Town of Bridgewater
-
MODL- LaHave River North of Bridgewater to County Line (Meisner's section)
-
MODL- LaHave River Watershed flood risk analysis based on slope
Specific Impact Areas identified as:
- Fancy Lake subdivisions; New Germany/Barss Corner; Petite Rivere along river Fancy Lake
downriver
- Lake Lawson (New Ross)
- Mahone Bay- (Clearway to Edgewater St.; Ernst Brook)
- Martin's River; East River
Page 9 of 10
Winter Storm/Blizzard
Each municipal unit boundaries with layers to include:
- Farm/livestock owners
- Pet owners
- Mobile Home Dwellers
- Hospital
- Emergency Infrastructure (EHS
Stations; Fire Dept., Police Stations,
REOC's
- Evacuation centers and Comfort
Stations (including NSCC)
- Roads and Bridges
- Ferry Terminal (Chester and
Tancook Islands and LaHave)
- Dams (Hebbs Lake System)
- Water and Waste Water Treatment
plants (due to power issues)
- Telecommunications Equipment
- Power substations and transmission
lines
- Public Works garage (Bridgewater,
TIR Hebbville; Marriott's Cove)
Wildland Fire
Each municipal unit boundaries showing areas where property densities encroach on wildlands
Layers to include:
- Restricted access areas (ex.
Kingsburg; Big Tancook)
- Pet/Livestock owners
- School populations (including day
cares)
- Campground/seasonal
residents/cottage developments
- Hospital
- Municipal Water Supply (Hebbs
Lake System and Oakland and
Dares Lake)
- Roads
- NSP transmission lines and
substations
- Water and waste water treatment
plants
- Fire Stations
- Police
- EHS
- Landfills (Kaiser Meadows;
Whynott Settlement)
- Telecommunication towers
- DND Radio (Federal Asset) Mill
Cove)
Page 10 of 10
Drought
Maps identifying the following boundaries:
- Town of Bridgewater (Hebbs Lake
Water supply area)
- Town of Mahone Bay (Oakland
Water supply area)
- Dares Lake Water Supply Area
- MODL- inland (well water
decreased supply: New Germany)
- Coastal (risk of salt water intrusion)
- MODC- all residents on well
systems (Village of Chester;
Western Shore)
Layers to include:
- Farm/livestock owners
- Residents on dug wells
- Fire Suppression services (fire ponds, dry hydrants)
Animal Disease
Mapping for each unit of areas with registered agricultural use (Farmers and Livestock owners)
- Layers to include:
- Exhibition grounds
- New Ross Fairground
- Farm Supply Operators (Shur-gain;
Co-op)
- Farmers Market Sites
- Pet owners/Hobby farms
- Veterinarian clinics
- Kennels /Animal Shelters
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Coastal Flooding
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: ____REMO Lunenburg Co.______
Analysis Completed By: ____Planning Committee & MCCAP Planning Project___
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: _____ Coastal Flooding ___
Coastal flooding occurs when sea water inundates coastal land forms. This can be influenced by sea level
rise, storm surge, wind, waves, and tidal variations.
Storm surge = temporary increase at a particular locality, in the height of the sea due to extreme
meteorological conditions (low atmospheric pressure and/or strong winds). The storm surge is defined as
being the excess above the level expected from the tidal variation alone at that time and place. Negative
storm surges also occur and can present significant problems for navigation. (MCCAP guidebook pg. 4)
The two main atmospheric components that contribute to a storm surge are air pressure and
wind. Deep low pressure systems can create a dome of water under the storm (much like the low
pressure in a vacuum on a carpet). High winds, lunar influences and sea level rise along a
coastline can also elevate the water levels at the shore, depending on the direction of the wind
with respect to the coast. (Environment Canada)
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent
first)
Changes made since
Comments
October
none
Nor'easter occurred causing Storm Surge
to reach levels only 15cm less than the
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 2
30, 2011
storm surge of Hurricane Juan
January 2-3
2010
unknown
Baie-Verte and Port Elgin NB
Peak water levels lasted for approx. 2
hours, no gauges to identify height but
greater than recorded 5 feet at closest
gauge; winter storm event;
$627,673 damage costs
October
29, 2009
unknown
Eastern and Northern Coastline NB
Severe storm surge with winds in excess
of 130km/hr. Private property, businesses
& public infrastructure damaged.
Emergency shellfish aquaculture industry
(mussels, oysters & clams) was greatly
affected.
December
27, 2004
unknown
Kings County PE
Winter storm, winds & surge. Person
rescue by firefighters from flooded
residence
September
2003
Hurricane Juan 1.63M surge at Halifax
January 21,
2000
unknown
1.36 m surge occurred as intense storm
passed 55km east of Charlottetown
bringing 70km/h sustained winds. Peak
surge coincided with high tide resulting in
water level of 4.23m above chart datum.
460 properties inundated including gas
stations, power generating plant and
damaging wharves
1996
Hurricane Hortense- 1M storm surge
October
25, 1983
unknown
Cape Breton Island
Eastern shores of Cape Breton Island;
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 3
water levels rose to 0.761.5m above
normal high water mark. Flood highways
and destroyed 30 fishing boats and
thousands of lobster traps.
February 2,
1975
unknown
Western, Central and Northern NS &
Saint John NB
"Groundhog Day Storm", produced
188km/h winds & 12m waves with swells
10m high.
NB- $8,005,500 damage; transportation
& utilities stopped for a week, 550m sea
wall caved in; damaged docks, buildings,
boats, mobile homes, lobster traps &
nets; hydro poles & trees
NS- $ 4,137,800 damage; roofs, windows,
trees, power and telephone lines, sea
wall damage; biggest impacts due to
storm surge; fishing industry greatly
affected by damage to shoreline as a
result of extremely high tides
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
years)
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
Intergovernmental
Climate Change
Panel 2007
50
Climate Change
Adaptation Plans to
be created by
December 31,
ICCP reports projects increase
in global average surface
temperatures will result in
global sea level rise of a meter
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 4
2013.
or more by the end of this
century. This will occur due to
thermal expansion of
seawater and melting glaciers
and ice caps.
Predictions suggest with
climate change, Halifax could
experience an increase in sea
level by 80cm by the year
2100. ( MCCAP guidebook pg.
7) As sea level rises, the risk of
storm surge inundation
increases.
"Increased erosion and
flooding will likely mean
significant impacts on coastal
communities with damage to
houses, buildings, roads,
bridges and other types of
infrastructure, as well as the
risk of contamination to fresh
water supplies, damage to
drainage systems and sewage
treatment facilities. "
(Guidebook pg.7)
Daigle Report
50
Total sea level rise estimated
0.43m on Lunenburg County
will increase the impact of
storm surge
REMO HRVA -
Hurricane
5
HRVA completed March 2012
for Hurricanes predicts high
probability of storm event
within 5 years or less;
Hurricane event increases risk
of Storm Surge
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 5
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
X
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (geographical; map reference)
___All coastal areas:
Mahone Bay (maps from Dalhousie report- Edgewater & Main streets)
Bridgewater (mapping available for 2-7 m surge; Shipyard's Landing; Mall & area along low side River
front)
MODL- (maps available: Kingsburg, Petite, Riverport; Green Bay, Big & Little Tancook Islands other areas
long coastline)
MODC-(maps available: Highway 3; Highway 329: Western Shore/Gold River; Village of Chester;
Blandford; Hubbards)
Identify Population number in Impact Area
____275 + direct impact Mahone Bay; 200+ Tancook Islands; MODL (1200 households with a contour of
5m of sea level) MODC ; Bridgewater (less than 50 households; 60 business estimated)
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
Homeowners in coastal dwellings/areas (identified above)
Person's with Mobility issues
Senior's complexes (Mahone Bay Nursing Home)
Farm/livestock owners (Springoff Farm (First South))
Pet owners
Mobile Home Park (Tanner's Settlement)
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 6
Drug-dependent individuals
Medical Dependent individuals
Tourists
Campground residents Campgrounds (Risser's; Grave's Island; Rayport; )
Senior Citizen Homes (Mahone Bay; Riverport)
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
Sewage plant (Western Shore), Lift stations; Conquerall Bank; Bridgewater plant & multiple lift stations;
Village of Chester lift stations; Mahone Bay lift stations; Chester Basin Lift station; Otter Point Treatment
Plant
Industrial sites (fuel, chemicals) Gas Stations (Mahone Bay Irving; Chester Basin; 200 non-residential
sites within MODL; Bridgewater 60 business;
NSP Regional Office in Bridgewater (poles; service trucks, supplies, personnel)
Roadways
Bridges
Wharves and Boat Launches
Ferry Terminal (Chester & Tancook (Big & Little)
Power Lines
Water Treatment Facilities
Emergency Infrastructure (First Responder Facilities (MODL (as mapped) MODC (Blandford; Western
Shore)
Wells and on-site systems
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 7
Typical Impacts
# of potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of
persons
displaced
or isolated
&
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage
Cost
estimate*
Resources
required to
respond
Comments
Fatalities/injuries
Less than 10
N/A
N/A
EHS; Pre-
evacuation would
require Police
Personnel
Within
normal
operating
procedures;
may have to
use
alternate
routes for
transport;
pre-
evacuations
may be
required if
persons
isolated
from EHS
Displacement
Less than 10
(greater
potential if
not done prior
to event)
1500+ if all
areas
affected;
300+ could
be out for 1
week or
more
Low
Red Cross; REOC;
RCMP; EHS; Fire;
DART-NS;
Livestock
Evacuation
Teams;
Evacuation
plans; Some
cases may
require
Shelter -In-
Place plans
due to road
closures
Erosion of
headlands/shorelines
Less than 10
(greater
potential if
public not
warned of
unsafe
conditions)
unknown
High
DNR- (parks &
campgrounds)TIR;
Municipal units
Evacuation
in areas
where
property
affected
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 8
Impassable/unsafe
roads
Less than 10
(greater
potential if no
pre-
evacuations
and warnings
issues
1500
Potentially
High is
permanent
damage
TIR; RCMP; Red
Cross; Muni Units
As per flood
&
evacuation
plans
Drinking water
contamination
(Salt Water
Contamination
might cause
illness in
more)
On-site well
systems
(dug wells)
Low
EHS; South Shore
Health;
PSA for
testing
Public property
damage
N/A
N/A
High
Municipal units;
provincial costs
Private property
damage
N/A
N/A
High
Individual
property-owner
insurance;
provincial/federal
assistance
programs
Need PSA's
to inform
public
Fishing &
Aquaculture Industry
Disruption
None
None
High +
DF0; Environment
& Labor
Long term
impacts
more than
emergency
response;
issue for
recovery
Economic &
Ecological Disruption
None
None
Unknown
Unknown
Long term
impacts
more than
emergency
response;
issue for
recovery
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 9
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
X
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
RISK TOLERANCE
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X(Political bodies may
be better able to
measure at time of
event)
Media
X may depend on
other areas affected
& pre-
warnings/evacuations
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Coastal Flooding May, 2012
Page 10
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score ___5__ x Overall Impact Score ___4___ = Number assigned to this hazard ____20__(1-
25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
Moderate (6-10)
X
High (11-25)
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
-
Long-term planning & mitigation strategies greatly impact this risk, response and recovery.
Threat predicted to increase incrementally over time due to sea level rise
-
This hazard may not need separate REMO Contingency plan but could be combined with others
(Flood Inland, hurricane & winter storm)
-
Flag for political bodies regarding risk tolerance issues
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Flood Inland
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: REMO- Lunenburg Co.
Analysis Completed By: __Planning Committee (Revised May 2012 by MCCAP Planning Project)
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: ___Inland Flooding ___
A Flood can be defined as "an overflow or inundation that comes from a river or other body of water and
causes or threatens damage".
This may occur as a result of weather phenomena and events that deliver more precipitation to a
drainage basin than can be readily absorbed or stored within the basin over time or as a Flash Flood, the
result of heavy or excessive amounts of rainfall within a short period of time, usually less than 6 hours,
causing water to rise and fall quite rapidly.
Historically a 100-year flood occurs on average once every 100 years and thus has a 1-percent chance of
occurring in a given year. (Williams & Daigle)
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent
first)
Changes made since
Comments
2005-2010
Some of these bridges have
been repaired since, but not
all
Bridge closures due to significant events
during the past 5 years
New Ross Bridge (replaced), Vaughan's
Brook (replaced since), East River
(repaired), Chester Grant Road (repaired),
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 2
Ernst Brook (trail bridge replaced- MAB)
February
2010
Revised REMO protocols;
small-scale evacuation
procedure created and
distributed to first responders
1 family voluntarily evacuated (New
Germany/MODL area); numerous road
closures; New Germany bridge/School st.
closed for few weeks, sewage treatment
plant flooded; pump station overflows
May 2005
Assessment of dam-
improvements implemented
100 evacuated( Fancy Lake
Hebbville/MODL) ; EOC operational for
several days
Feb. 2003
Work done on bridge to
include ice protection
2 Deaths due to driving past barricades,
car submerged in river (Pinehurst/MODL)
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
years)
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
Environment
Canada
5
Protocols;
coordination with
first responder
groups for
response
Flooding situation likely to
continue and increase due to
increased building and rising
sea and water levels
Climate Change
Data
(N.S.
Infrastructure
Secretariat)
100 year
floods could
increase to
every 10
years
As above; efforts
underway to
increase LIDAR
mapping to
indentify low-lying
areas
More frequent & intense
storms predicted (Daigle
Report Table A-18); increasing
sea level rise; wetter warmer
winters; drought periods
followed by heavy rainfall
increasing run-off
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 3
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
X
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (geographical; map reference)
As mapped for:
-
Town of Bridgewater
-
MODL- LaHave River North of Bridgewater to County Line (Meisner's section)
-
MODL- LaHave River Watershed flood risk analysis based on slope
Other Impact Areas Include:
Fancy Lake subdivisions; New Germany/Barss Corner; Petite Rivere along river Fancy Lake downriver
Lake Lawson (New Ross)
Mahone Bay- (Clearway to Edgewater St.; Ernst Brook)
MODC- (Martin's River; East River)
Identify Population number in Impact Area
Approximately 100 people in heaviest density areas
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
Persons with mobility issues
Pet owners
Livestock/farms
Uninformed/unprepared residents
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 4
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
As per mapping
Bridges along river area (Bridgewater, New Germany, Petite) LaHave, Gold River at New Ross; East River,
Martin's River) s per mapping
Roadways
Culverts
Water or Waste Water Treatment Facilities & Systems (New Germany; Conquerall Bank; Hebbville;
Western Shore; Bridgewater (sites mapped); Vaughan's Brook; New Ross)
Water & Waste Water lines under LaHave River (Town of Bridgewater & New Germany)
NS Power Substations
Dams ( Bridgewater Watershed as mapped; Morgan Falls in New Germany)
Water Supply Lakes (Oakland)
Cemeteries (Brookside; as per mapping)
On site septic & wells
Industrial & Agricultural Sites with potential hazardous goods
Typical Impacts
# of
potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of
persons
displaced
or isolated
&
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage Cost
estimate*
Resources
required to
respond
Comments
Fatalities/injuries
Less than 10
N/A
none
EHS
Within normal
operating
procedures
Displacement
Less than 10
300 max
within
total area,
None
REMO
RCMP/Police/GSR
Evacuation plans
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 5
may be
evacuated
for 1 week
or less
Red Cross
Fire Depts
TIR
Isolation
Less than 10
100
N/A
TIR with
barricades to
block roads
Evacuation may
be required if
unable to access
emergency
services
Hazardous
Goods & Waste
Contamination
of Environment
(including
drinking water)
Less than 10
N/A
Potentially
High
Impact and
resources to
respond
unknown;
Biomonitoring
could be useful;
Dept. of
environment
Recommendations
for planning
(water testing) &
long term
planning/land use
flood plans
Bacterial
Drinking Water
Contamination
Illness may
be
experienced
less than
100
N/A
Medium
Water testing kits
& lab results
(SSRHA)
Potable Water
supplies
Individual home
owner concerns
for those on wells;
public service
announcements
Bridge/Road
damage
Less than 10
N/A
High
TIR with
barricades
Alternative routes
for all major
roads; private
roads may restrict
access & require
evacuation
Transportation
disruption
None
N/A
Medium (cost
of road
repair)
TIR;
municipalities for
muni owned
roads
As above
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 6
Public property
damage
N/A
N/A
High
Municipal units;
provincial costs
Private property
damage
N/A
N/A
High
Individual
property-owner
insurance;
provincial/federal
assistance
programs
Need PSA's to
inform public
Economic &
Ecological
Disruption
None
Unknown
Low
Unknown
Municipalties
need to measure
this impact for
long-range
planning
Erosion
Less than 10
100
High
Unknown
As above (long-
range impacts)
Dam Breech
100 +
500+
High
First Responders;
outside scope of
mutual aid
partners; would
require provincial
assistance
Recent upgrades,
monitoring, and
maintenance to
dam structures
(Bridgewater
Water Supply
maps) make a
sudden breech
unlikely
Ice Jams
Less than 10
100
High
First Responders
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 7
X
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
RISK TOLERANCE
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X
Media
X
Other (Resident
groups in flood-prone
areas ex. Hebbville;
Pine Grove
X
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score ___5__ x Overall Impact Score __4___ = Number assigned to this hazard __20__(1-25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
Moderate (6-10)
X
High (11-25)
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Flood Inland May 2012
Page 8
* Have a REMO Contingency Plan for Flood that should be reviewed after HRVA changes
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Hurricane
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: REMO- Lunenburg Co.
Analysis Completed By: __Planning Committee __ (revised May 2012 by MCCAP Planning Project)
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: ___Hurricane ___
When disorganized clusters of showers and thunderstorms become organized so that a definite rotation
develops and winds become strong, the system is upgraded to a tropical depression. If winds continue
to increase to 63 kilometres per hour the system becomes a tropical storm and is given a name. The
system becomes more organized and the circulation around the center of the storm intensifies. As
surface pressures continue to drop, the storm becomes a hurricane when wind speed reaches 118
kilometres per hour. An eye develops near the center of the storm, with spiral rain bands rotating
around it.
Once a tropical cyclone reaches hurricane strength it is given a rating from 1 to 5 on the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Intensity Scale. A category 1 storm has the lowest wind speeds, while a Category 5 has the
highest.
Category 1= minimal damage; primarily to shrubs, foliage and unanchored homes or structures
Category 2- moderate damage; damaged to exposed mobile homes; poorly constructed signs; some
roofing; window and door damage; rising water in roads 2-3 hours before arrival of the center; marinas
flooded; small craft torn from moorings; Evacuation of some shoreline residences and low-lying areas
required. Hurricane Juan made landfall as a Category 2.
Category 3- extensive damage; large trees blown down; signs, roofing, window and door damage;
structural damage to small buildings; mobile homes destroyed; serious flooding at coast; larger
structures near coast damaged by waves and debris; low lying escape routes flooded with water 3-5
hours before hurricane arrives; flat terrain of 1.5 metres or less above sea level flooded inland 1.3km or
more. Evacuation of low-lying residences within shoreline area required.
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 2
Category 4- extreme; trees, signs blown down; extensive damage to residences; complete destruction of
mobile homes; flat terrain of 3 metres or less above sea level flooded inland as far as 9.5km.Low-lying
escape routes cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major evacuation
required of all residences within 50 metres of shore and single-story residences within 3km of shore
likely required.
Category 5- catastrophic; unlikely in Canada
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent
first)
Changes made since
Comments
2011
BITERA on Tancook Island
integrated into REMO
warning/situational
awareness
Multiple warnings and "near misses"
during very active 2011 season; Irene
downgraded to extratropical when
landfall; Hurricane Maria landfall in Nfld.;
Ophelia landfall in Nfld.
Sept. 21,
2010
No Changes
Warnings in place for Hurricane Igor,
landfall occurred as Cat. 1 in NFld. -
extensive damage to roads/infrastructure
in Nfld
Sept. 3,
2010
No changes
Hurricane Earl made landfall at Western
Head, no requests for resources, minimal
damage & storm surges; meetings held in
warning phase
Aug. 23,
2009
No changes
Hurricane Bill made landfall at Western
Head; power outages throughout region;
pre-event REOC situational awareness
mtg. - no resource requests
November
3, 2007
Storm Noel. Heaviest impact in Halifax &
Lunenburg. $2,772,554 total damage
recorded provincially.
2003
Hurricane
Warning Systems more
advanced; greater public
awareness of probability,
Although predicted to hit the South
Shore, Juan veered off course and made
landfall between Shad Bay and Prospect
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 3
Juan
impact and need to prepare
as a Category 2 hurricane. Storm surge in
Halifax was 1.63m. Rainfall was approx.
40mm, storm surge in Mahone Bay was
1.0m, Longest power outages were 2
weeks. 8 deaths
1996
Changes to public awareness,
warnings, information
Hurricane Hortense hit Mahone Bay.
Storm surge measured approximately 1
meter in height. Surge in Halifax 1.63
m(Dalhousie Mahone bay Sea-Level Rise
Final Report 2011)
October
25, 1991
"Halloween Storm" of 1991, preceded by
two hurricanes: Grace and an unnamed
storm off the north Atlantic; highest wave
in the world ever recorded by an
instrument was measured as 30.7metres
on the Scotian Slope
August 1,
1950
Hurricane-like storm hit Nova Scotia and
caused flooding throughout the province
1953
Hurricane Edna through New Brunswick
1893
Major improvements in
prediction/warning systems
and response systems
Category 3 landfall in St. Margaret's Bay;
sank 2 vessels
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
years)
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
Environment
5
Warning Systems
Hurricane season predictions
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 4
Canada
(responders and
public); 72 hour
Preparedness
Program;
Protocols;
coordination with
first responder
groups for
response
made every year for June-
November season; number
and impact of hurricanes
predicted to continue to
increase
Canada- Nova
Scotia
Infrastructure
Secretariat
"Municipal
Climate Change
Action Plan
Guidebook" 2011
5
Increased public
warning for
predicted storms
via Environment
Canada
"Research indicates the
Atlantic Region will experience
an increase in extreme
weather events and all climate
models suggest that storm
activity will worsen". (pg. 6)
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC)
2007
5
As above
Globally there has been a 75%
increase in the number of
Category 4 or 5 hurricanes
since 1970; Warmer climates
are experiencing more
frequent and intense storms
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
X
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 5
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (geographical; map reference)
Entire region could feel impacts of rain and heavy rainfall; worst hits along the coast for storm surges
and flooding; off-shore Islands
Mapping (cross reference with Coastal Flooding maps & Inland Flood maps)
Identify Population number in Impact Area
50,000
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
Homeowners in coastal dwellings/areas
Mobility issues (evacuation)ex. Senior's complexes (Mahone Bay; Riverport)
Farm/livestock owners (evacuation: Springoff Farm First South)
Drug-dependent individuals
Medical equipment dependent
Tourists
Campground residents (maps to be made)
Mobile Home Parks (Front Center; Wileville; Dayspring; Eisenhouer; LaHave Heights; Eisner's; Tanner's
Settlement)
Summer Camps (Kadiamah; Long Lake; Mush Mush; Wahelo; Sherbrook Lake)
Homeless (Inn From the Cold Program 30)
Homeowners in coastal dwellings/areas (identified above)
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
Industrial sites (fuel, chemicals)-Petroleum & Gas Storage Centers (3Hebbville; Cookville; Wilveille)
Roadways; Bridges (as per Coastal & Inland)
Wharves (Working Waterfronts)
Ferry Terminal (Chester & Tancook (Big & Little) LaHave Ferry)
Electrical Substation & Main Transmission Lines (as per mapping)
Water Treatment & Waste Water Facilities (as per mapping)
Telecommunication (Cell Towers, Switching Stations; Radio Communications/TMR; Scotia Business:
mapping required)
Dams (as per Flood Inland)
Emergency Infrastructure (Hospital; First Responder Facilities., Municipal buildings)
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 6
Typical Impacts
# of
potential
Deaths
or
Injuries
# of persons
displaced or
isolated &
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage
Cost
estimate
Resources required
to respond
Comments
Fatalities/injuries
Less than
10
N/A
NA
EHS; First
Responders
Within normal
operating
procedures;
may be unable
to respond for
period of time
during storm
Displacement
Less than
10
fatalities;
injuries
could be
increased
11-51
200+ on
Tancook
Islands,
1500+Mobile
Homes; may
be
evacuated
for 1 week
or less
High
REMO
RCMP/Police/GSR
Red Cross
Fire Depts
TIR
Evacuation
plans
Isolation
Less than
10
300
Low
TIR with barricades
to block roads
Red Cross
RCMP/GS&R
Fire Depts.
REMO radio
volunteers
Evacuation may
be required if
unable to
access
emergency
services
Public Property
Damage
Less than
10
None
High ++
Wharves
Bridges, Roads,
treatment
/waste
facilities,
recreation
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 7
facilities;
Private Property
Damage
Less than
10
1500+
High +
Assessment teams
required to identify
safety of structures
Long term
evacuations
Power Disruption
Less than
10
Possible
after 72 hour
shortage
Potentially
High
Increased
with length
of outage
NS-Power
EHS
Red Cross
NS-Power
contingency
plans for
restoration
based on
priorities
Telecommunication
Disruption
Less than
10
N/A
High
TMR as per
Telecommunication
plan
Communication
providers
require
contingency
plans
Inland Flooding
Less than
10
300+
High
TIR
Red Cross
Alternate
routes available
unlikely for
entire
community to
be cut off;
Inland Flooding
HRVA & plan
Community Lifeline
Damage
Less than
100
100 or more
High
Pre-deployment of
service providers
during warning
phase
Outside assistance
may be required
Hospital could
be on
decreased
capacity; First
Responders
unable to
respond or
limited
response
Food & fuel
Less than
None
None
Could require
outside resources
Grocery stores
and fuel
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 8
shortages
10
to add with food
and fuel delivery
delivery
dependent on
daily deliveries
Economic
Disruption
Less than
10
None
High
Federal/Provincial
Government
Fishing Vessels
& wharfs in
port
vulnerable;
Units require
BCP's for
infrastructure
loss
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
X
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model Hurricane May 2012
Page 9
RISK TOLERANCE
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X (may not be an
asset if public
becomes sensitized to
number of warnings
failing to take
precautions
Media
X
Other (identify)
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score ___5__ x Overall Impact Score __5___ = Number assigned to this hazard __25__(1-25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
Moderate (6-10)
X
High (11-25)
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
Have Hurricane Contingency Plan; needs review after May 2012 HRVA changes
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hail May 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Extreme Sudden Weather Event
(Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hailstorm)
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: ___REMO Lunenburg Co.______
Analysis Completed By: ___Planning Committee + MCCAP Planning Project_____
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: ____Extreme Sudden Weather Events (ex.
Thunderstorms/Tornados/Hail Storms)__
Environment Canada issues Severe Thunderstorm warnings when conditions are favourable for the
development of severe thunderstorms with one or more of the following conditions:
-
Wind gusts of 90 km/h or greater, which could cause structural wind damage;
-
Hail of two centimeters (cm) or larger in diameter; or
-
Heavy rainfall, as per rainfall criteria
Hail is large, layered ice particles, often spherical in shape, that form within an unusually unstable air
mass. Hail is often a product of thunderstorms or tornado activity. For this reason, the hazard analysis
will include all three weather phenomenon (thunderstorms, tornados, hail storms).
Tornadoes are referred to as funnel clouds until they touch the ground. They are spawned by severe
thunderstorms, and are violent, funnel-shaped wind vortexes in the lower atmosphere, with upward
spiralling winds of high speeds.
The tornado usually appears from a bulge in the base of a cumulonimbus cloud. It can be tens to
hundreds of metres wide and have a lifespan of minutes or hours. In terms of size and area, it is one of
the least extensive of all storms, but in terms of how violent storms can be, it is the world's most severe.
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hail May 2012
Page 2
More tornadoes occur in the United States than in any other country. In Canada, tornadoes occur mostly
on the Prairies and in Southern Ontario.
The Fujita scale (F0-F5) is used to rate the severity of tornadoes as a measure of the damage they cause.
F0 light (winds of 64 - 116 km/hr; some damage to chimneys, TV antennas, roof shingles, trees, signs,
and windows), accounts for about 28% of all tornadoes.
F1 moderate (winds of 117 -180 km/hr; automobiles overturned, carports destroyed, and trees
uprooted), accounts for about 39% of all tornadoes.
F2 considerable (winds of 181 -252 km/hr; roofs blown off homes, sheds and outbuildings demolished,
and mobile homes overturned), accounts for about 24% of all tornadoes.
F3 severe (winds of 253 -330 km/hr; exterior walls and roofs blown off homes, metal buildings collapsed
or severely damaged, and forests and farmland flattened), accounts for about 6% of all tornadoes.
F4 devastating (winds of 331 - 417 km/hr; few walls, if any, left standing in well-built homes; large steel
and concrete objects thrown great distances), accounts for about 2% of all tornadoes.
F5 incredible (winds of 418 -509 km/hr; strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried
considerable distances; automobile sized objects fly through the air in excess of 100 meters; trees
debarked; steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged), accounts for about 0.1% of all
tornadoes. Until the June 2007 Elie tornado, no F5 had been officially recorded in Canada. Regardless,
F5 tornadoes are possible in parts of Canada every summer.
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent
first)
Changes made since
Comments
Nov. 8,
2010
Yarmouth Co. Severe thunderstorm
produced rainfall ranging from 140-
250mm. 100 people evacuated, 20 roads
closed- all due to flooding.
Oct. 26,
2009
NS & NB. 2000 customers without power
after thunderstorm; sewer backups in NB;
flooded basements; rainfall & flooding
caused biggest impacts
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hail May 2012
Page 3
Aug. 29,
2008
Thunderstorms brought heavy rains
within 3 day period; caused flooding
Nov. 3,
2007
Thunderstorms (Noel). Heaviest impacts
in Halifax and Lunenburg. Estimated
provincial cost = $ 2,772,554
June 17,
1973
marine warnings
Sudden severe thunderstorm struck
Atlantic provinces causing extensive
damage to fishermen's gear. Estimated
overall cost = $5,330,000
Jan. 30,
1954
Weather monitoring/warning
systems upgraded
Tornado producing hail and lightning hit
the Coast of Nova Scotia near Liverpool at
White Point Beach.
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
years)
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
Canada-Nova
Scotia
Infrastructure
Secretariat
50
"Research indicates the
Atlantic Region will experience
an increase in extreme
weather events and all climate
models suggest that storm
activity will worsen"
Guidebook pg. 6
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hail May 2012
Page 4
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
5 Highly Probably within 5 years or less
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
X
3 Might occur once every 20 years *
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
* Extreme sudden weather event might occur; not necessarily accompanied by hail, unlikely to cause
tornado
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (geographical; map reference)
Entire REMO area
Identify Population number in Impact Area
50,000
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
As per Hurricane HRVA
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
As per Hurricane
Typical
Impacts
# of
potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of
persons
displaced
or isolated
&
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage Cost
estimate
Resources required
to respond
Comments
Fatalities
Less than
10
None
None
First Responders
Within Standard
operating
Property
Damage
As per
Hurricane
(as per
flooding or
unknown
EHS, Red Cross; Fire
Within standard
operating
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hail May 2012
Page 5
hurricane)
Transportation
disruptions
As per
Hurricane
Crop Damage
As per
Hurricane
HRVA
Flooding
As per
Flooding
HRVA
Power/Utility
Disruptions
As per
Hurricane
NS-Power;
telecommunications
Lightning strikes
pose biggest threat
to NS Power causing
outages;
telecommunications
due to lightening or
hail (Western
Shore)
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Thunderstorm/Tornado/Hail May 2012
Page 6
X
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
RISK TOLERANCE
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X
Media
X
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score ___3___ x Overall Impact Score ___2___ = Number assigned to this hazard __6____(1-
25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
X
Moderate (6-10)
High (11-25)
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Winter Storm/Blizzard
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: ____REMO Lunenburg Co.____
Analysis Completed By: _____Planning Committee & MCCAP Planning Project___
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: ___Winter Storm (blizzard/freezing rain)__
Blizzard is "a severe weather condition characterized by reduced visibility from falling and/or blowing snow
and strong winds that may be accompanied by low temperatures." (Environment Canada)
Blizzard warnings are issued by Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC) for hazardous weather
conditions characterized by high winds, and a widespread reduction in visibility due to falling and/or blowing
snow. Blizzard conditions may persist for a period of time on their own or be part of an intense winter storm in
which case a blizzard warning is issued instead of a winter storm or snowfall warning. Blizzard conditions may
be accompanied by a severe wind chill making it even more dangerous.
Freezing rain is defined by Environment Canada as rain that freezes on impact to form a coating of clear ice
(glaze) on the ground and on exposed objects. If freezing rain is predicted a warning is issued by Environment
Canada.
Freezing spray occurs when a combination of below freezing temperatures and strong winds, causes a wind-
generated spray to freeze and accumulate (or build-up) on any marine infrastructure located in or near the
vicinity of the water. A warning is issued by Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC) if freezing
spray is forecast or observed to be moderate or severe. Freezing spray is termed moderate if the ice
accumulation or build-up rate on marine infrastructure is between 0.7 and 2 cm per hour. It is termed severe if
the ice accumulation or build-up rate on marine infrastructure is greater than 2 cm per hour.
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 2
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent
first)
Changes made since
Comments
December
4, 2007
Increased public awareness of
72-hour preparedness
40cm wet, heavy snow knocked out
power to approx. 50,000 people across
the 4 Atlantic provinces
Feb. 18-19,
2004
Warnings systems via
environment Canada, NS
Power and NS-EMO
established
"White Juan", 4 day Provincial State of
Emergency; storm surges caused flooding
in NB& Nfld.; 50-70 cm snow; winds 60-
80km/hr with gusts up to 120km/hr;
$5,600,000 provincial cost
January
2001
Reinforcement done to bridge
Ice jam effect on LaHave river in
Bridgewater- upriver from Bridgewater,
moved steel bridge
Jan. 17-22
2000
None known
Storm lasted for 6 days; 70cm of snow,
temperatures dropped to minus 40 C
with the windchill; 216 people evacuated
in N.S. (none in Lunenburg co.)
$6, 621,462 Provincial cost
March 15,
1993
Changes to emergency
management structures
federally & provincially
Caused by mid-latitude cyclone; 3 million
people without electricity at one point;
Liberian freighter left Halifax despite
warnings of hurricane winds and sank
200km off Cape Sable Island in waves up
to 20m. Crew of 33- no survivors
$19,866, 000 Eastern Canada costs
February
1971
Built second bridge
Bridgewater: Bridge collapsed/moved
due to heavy rains and sudden thaw with
ice jamming
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 3
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
years)
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
Intergovernmental
Climate Change
Panel 2007
50
Climate change
Adaptation Plans to
be created by
December 31, 2012
Future warming of 1.5 to 6
degree Celsius is predicted to
occur over the next 50 years
due to Climate Change (Table
SPM.1). Although this may
decrease the amount of snow
fall, NS may experience more
freezing rain/ rain/snow mix
events.
From Impacts to
Adaptation, NR
Canada 2007
50
"Atlantic Canada will
experience more storm
events, increasing storm
intensity..." (Key Findings)
Daigle Report
Climate Scenario
Development for
Communities in
Nova Scotia; 2011
30
Scenario Model predicts and
increase in precipitation in
winter over next century;
coupled with warmer weather
can lead to possible mix of
blizzard/rain-snow conditions
(Table A18)
REMO-HRVA
(hurricane;
Coastal Flooding)
50
Hazard Analysis indicates
increased probability of more
frequent storms; those
occurring during fall or spring
(October & March) may be
mix of winter blizzard type
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 4
conditions
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
X
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (coastal & Inland flooding mapping)
____Entire REMO region (for additional impacts refer HRVA Coastal Flooding & Inland Flooding)__
Identify Population number in Impact Area
_____50,000 + _____________________
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
___ Homeowners in coastal dwellings/areas (storm surge)
___ Person's with mobility issues
___Farm/livestock owners
__ Pet owners (evacuation)
__ Drug-dependent individuals
__Medical equipment dependent
__ Residents without 72 hour preparedness/shelter-in-place ability/plans
__ Public works personnel
__ Mobile Home Dwellers
__ Marginalized populations (ex. homeless)
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 5
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
__Hospital
__Emergency Infrastructure (EHS Stations; Fire Dept., Police Stations, REOC's; NSCC (evacuation center),
Comfort Stations)
__ Roads & Bridges (Provincial, municipal, private)
__ Ferry Terminal (Chester & Tancook Islands & LaHave)
__ Dams (Hebbs Lake System)
__ Water & Waste Water Treatment plants (power issues)
__ Telecommunications Equipment
___Power substations and transmission lines
__ Public Works garage (Bridgewater, TIR Hebbville; Marriott's Cove)
Typical Impacts
# of
potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of
persons
displaced
or isolated
&
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage Cost
estimate
Resources
required to
respond
Comments
Fatalities/injuries
Less than
10
N/a
N/A
May require
road clearing
equipment
for response;
EHS may be
unable to
respond
during storm
EHS-storm
protocols;
Displacement/evacuation
Less than
10
May
require
evac.
(300+) as
per Coastal
Medium
First
Responders;
Red Cross;
Insurance
Comfort
Centre
protocols may
mitigate
evacuation for
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 6
Flooding &
Inland
Flooding
HRVA
Industry;
events
exclusive of
flooding
Isolation
Less than
10
N/A
None
Basic
supplies
(food, water,
generator
fuel,
medications)
Red
Cross/First
Responders to
deliver
supplies to
areas (comfort
centers) for
distribution
Private Property Damage
Less than
10
1500+
High +
Red Cross,
First
Responders
for
evacuation;
Engineer
teams in
recovery
Cross
Referenced
with
Hurricane,
Coastal &
Inland
Flooding
HRVA's
Public Property
Less than
10
None
High ++
Wharves
Bridges,
Roads, Water
Treatment &
waste facilities
(as per
Hurricane and
Flood HRVA's)
Crop & Livestock Damage
N/A
N/A
Unknown
NS Dept. of
Agri.
No links with
these
organizations
Power/Utility Disruption
Less than
10
300+
concern for
long term
High
Red Cross;
Comfort
Stations;
Radio
Links to
service
provider(NSP)
plans ;
Mitigation
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 7
Operators
may be
required after
72 hour
Transportation
Disruption
Greater
than 10;
less than
100
100+
High
TIR; EHS;
Police;
Provincial
support
Unable to get
supplies in;
unable to
transport
critical
hospital
patients;
Supply Shortage
Less than
10
N/A
High
Provincial
support
Will require
provincial
support if
major arteries
(103) cut off
more than 72
hours or if NB
border cut off
Flooding
Less than
10
1500 if all
areas
affected;
300+ could
be out for
1 week or
more
High
Red Cross;
RCMP; Fire;
DART-NS;
Livestock
Evacuation
See Flooding
HRVA 's
Ice Jams
Less than
10
100
High
First
Responders;
See Flooding
HRVA's
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Winter Storm/Blizzard May, 2012
Page 8
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
X
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
RISK TOLERANCE
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X for first 72 hours
Media
X as above
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score ___5__ x Overall Impact Score ___3___ = Number assigned to this hazard __15____(1-
25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
Moderate (6-10)
X
High (11-25)
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability - Hot Days/Heat Wave May 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Hot Days/Heat Wave
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: ______REMO Lunenburg Co.______
Analysis Completed By: _____Planning Committee & MCCAP Planning Project____
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: ___Hot Days/Heat Wave______
For purposes of this analysis, a heat wave is defined as three consecutive days in which the temperature
reaches 30 C or higher*
*Definitions vary according to the source
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent
first)
Changes made since
Comments
2000-21stC
Warnings available from
Environment Canada
Over the last 20 years, although no
records are present to support, there has
been an increase in number of hot days
throughout the region
July 26- 28,
1963
Significant changes to health
care & emergency response
structures, warning systems,
and building temperature
Temperatures of 33-34 Celsius; greater
traffic volume in Halifax caused minor
accidents; increased hospitalizations; 4
drownings
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability - Hot Days/Heat Wave May 2012
Page 2
controls
July 5-17,
1936
Two -week heat wave, greater than 32
degrees Celsius across Canada; 1180
fatalities, severe drought reported as
well, increased forest fires
Temperature & Impacts felt West of New
Brunswick
July 8,
1912
Significant changes as above
July 8-10; temperature of greater than 32
from Ontario to Atlantic Ocean; 3 heat-
related deaths in adults; more infant
deaths believed to have occurred in poor
areas; homicides reported; crop damage
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
years)
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
W. Daigle &
Daigle
50
None
2011 report, "Scenarios &
Guideance for Adaptation to
Climate Change & Sea Level
Rise- Nova Scotia
Municipalities; Table A-18
Increase to 31 hot days in BW
by 2080
Impacts to
Adaptation:
Canada in a
Changing
Climate, 2007)
50
None
Climate projections indicate
that Atlantic Canada will
experience drier, hotter
summers with an increase in
mean temperature. By 2050,
trends indicate a 2 to 4 degree
Celsius increase in summer
temperature.
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability - Hot Days/Heat Wave May 2012
Page 3
This may increase the risk of
extreme heat days as well.
Health Canada
2005
50
None
Predicts more frequent and
severe heat waves could cause
heat-related illnesses and
death; particularly for
respiratory & cardiovascular
disorders
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
X
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (geographical; map reference)
Inland areas more affected & densely populated
Town of Bridgewater & periphery (much hotter, 12,000 pop.) Cookville, Dayspring; Oakhill, Conquerall
Bank, Wileville
New Germany (300), Barass Corner, Farmington, North of 103 (less than 100 per community)
New Ross, New Russell, Forties (500 all three communities)
Mahone Bay (1000)
Identify Population number in Impact Area
As above
50,000
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability - Hot Days/Heat Wave May 2012
Page 4
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
Persons with pre-existing health conditions (respiratory & cardiovascular)
Infants/very young children
Elderly
Outside workers (construction, roads)
Marginalized (homeless, isolated, mobility challenged, low income)
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
None identified (municipalities may need to research what temperatures are set-points for
infrastructure (pumps etc.) vulnerable to heat)
Typical Impacts
# of
potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of
persons
displaced
or isolated
&
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage Cost
estimate*
Resources required to
respond
Comments
Fatalities
Less than
10
None
None
Fire Depart/Police/EHS,
SSH
Within
standard
operations
Increased need for
health
care/hospitalization
First Responders
Less than
10
None
None
Fire Depart/EHS; SSH
Within
standard
operating
procedures
Crop/Livestock
Damage
None
None
unknown
Agriculture; CFIA
No links to
plans,
resources or
impacts
Increased
electricity use
(air
None
None
Unknown
NS-Power
Discussions
with NSP
2012
highlighted
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability - Hot Days/Heat Wave May 2012
Page 5
conditioners/fans)
no
anticipated
problem with
meeting
demand
Work slow
down/stoppages
for workers
None
None
unknown
Local
departments/business
(NS labor laws)
Could be
impacts at
/industry
levels; not
EM response
Animal
Distress/Death
none
none
unknown
SPCA; By-law officers
Standard
operations
Economic &
Ecological
Disruption
Less than
10
None
unknown
unknown
This impact
may require
long-range
planning by
municpalities
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
X
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability - Hot Days/Heat Wave May 2012
Page 6
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
RISK TOLERANCE
Considering the area of impact, community events, and past experience, identify the level of
tolerance to the hazard identified.
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X
Media
X
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score __4___ x Overall Impact Score __3= Number assigned to this hazard __12___(1-25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
Moderate (6-10)
X
High (11-25)
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Forest/Wildland Fire
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: _REMO Lunenburg Co.
Analysis Completed By: __REMC & Planning Committee + MCCAP Planning Project
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: ___Forest/Wildland Fire
"In many provinces a large number of forest fires are caused by lightning. In Nova Scotia only an average
3 % of fires start this way. The remaining 97% are caused by the activities of people, mostly accidental
but sometimes deliberate. About one-third of person-caused fires are classed as "residential". These fires
are caused by people engaged in activities- like debris and grass burning- on and around their property.
Another major cause is arson, which accounts for about one quarter of the person-caused fires in this
province in an average year. "(DNR; Media Guide to Forest Fires May 2009 pg.2)
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent first)
Changes made since
Comments
Heat Wave
March 20-22,
2012
N/A
Record temperatures and official heat
wave (28degree weather) created grass
and wood fires throughout the region; no
evacuations or property damage noted.
DNR crews not on standby until April 1,
could create lack of resources
2011
Beech Hill; 7 Dept. & DNR; no
evacuations, no resources required from
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 2
REMO
Slave Lake
Alberta
May 1, 2011
N/A
Towns of Slave Lake, High Prairie, Little
Buffalo, Lesser Slave Lake, and multiple
municipal districts affected.
12055 evacuated (1300 under
immediate, emergency conditions
including hospital and town services) Oil
drilling in region halted; CN rail halted
Estimated Cost = $700, 000,000
B.C
2009
N/A
Fire Season 2009 had 3049 fires, 213
were wildland-urban interface fires.
Increased lightning storms, record high
temp. and decreased precipitation were
factors. 100 notable fires causing 27
evacuation orders, 20, 000 people
evacuated in total. One fatality (within
fire service personnel)
Estimated Cost = $ 75,000,000
Halifax
May 2009
N/A
Purcells Cove Halifax, brush fire spread
quickly due to wind gusts & dry debris as
a result of previous hurricane (Juan 2003)
1200 people evacuated from 427 homes.
10 homes damaged, 2 homes destroyed
Halifax
June 13,
2008
N/A
Brush fire in wooded area east of Halifax
(Lake Echo & Porter's Lake). Fire
destroyed 2 homes, 5000 residents
evacuated
Wallace Lake
Shelburne
Co.
May 20,
2003
N/A
795 ha; 600 ha of which was Tobeatic
Wilderness Area (TWA) of ecological and
environment concern
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 3
Western
Shore
July 10, 2003
N/A
18 acres private woodland near Vaughans
Lake.
DNR crews (including helicopter) and 10
Fire Departments; No evacuations; 2
minor injuries
New Ross
August 10
2001
N/A
10 acres privately owned land ; DNR & 24
Departments involved & 150 firefighters;
Dozens of firefighters treated for heat
exhaustion by paramedics on scene
Evacuations of Maple Glen Park &
cottages on New Russell Road (approx. 36
homes)
Porcupine
Lake
Trafalgar,
Guysborough
Co.
June 4, 1976
N/A
13000 ha burned; fire burned for six days;
boy scout troop in area was protected by
water bomber drops until evacuation
could occur
1950s
Bridgewater
Fire started in Chelsea burned through
Bridgewater to Hebbville. Burned for 5
days brought in military and fire
departments from throughout the
province. Residential area of Bridgewater
sustained most damage. Liverpool and
Shelburne had big fires at the same time.
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 4
years)
Environment
Canada
5
Climate Change Predictions
indicate increased
temperatures; hotter
summers; less snowfall;
incidence of greater variance
in rainfall (drought followed
by heavy rain); increased
hurricanes leaving deadfall; all
these factors increasing the
risk of wildfires (MCCAP
Guidebook)
DNR
Issued on an
annual basis,
no projected
forecast
Public warnings
issued via media &
bans throughout
parks ; permits
required for
residents during
fire season (April-
Oct.)
Fire Behavior is
predicted
according to the
Canadian Forest
Fire Danger Rating
System Fire
Behaviour
Prediction model
on any given
outbreak to help
guide evacuation
response
Nova Scotia has a
relatively wet
climate, thus the
number of fires
DNR issues Fire Index and puts
out fire bans and alerts based
on successive days of
increased risk.
Tracked from April 1-Oct. 15th
DNR crews on stand-by for
provincial response from April
1 to Oct. 15th only
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 5
that typically occur
in an average
season is low
compared to drier
provinces (NS
Wildfire Science)
Daigle Report
30
As per environment prediction
above
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
X
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years*
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
*Based on probability of fire requiring evacuation
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (mapping available)
__ need to compile some maps showing areas when property densities encroach on wildlands for each
municipal unit;( MODC & MODL- all populations; Town of Bridgewater: Oakhill; Dayspring; Hebbville;
Wileville ; Town of Mahone Bay:
Identify Population number in Impact Area
__approx. 300 people max in most evacuation areas; extreme situations up to or over 1500+
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
___Persons with Respiratory Conditions
___Mobility Issues
___Restricted access (ex. Kingsburg; Big Tancook)
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 6
___Pet/Livestock owners
___School populations (including day cares)
___ Tourists
___ Campground/seasonal residents/cottage developments
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area (mapping available during response)
__Hospital
__ Municipal Water Supply (Hebbs Lake System & Oakland & Dares Lake)- maps available
_ Roads
-NSP transmission lines and substations
- Schools
- Water & waste water treatment plants
-Fire Stations; Police; EHS
-Landfills (Kaiser Meadows; Whynott Settlement)
_ Telecommunication towers
__ DND Radio (Federal Asset)- Mill Cove
Typical Impacts
# of potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of
persons
displaced
or
isolated &
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage
Cost
estimate
Resources
required to
respond
Comments
Fatalities & Injuries
Less than 10
None
None
First Responders Standard
Operating
Displacement
(evacuation)
Less than 10;
larger impact
if Hospital
evacuation
300
persons;
None
Fire Dept.; DNR;
Red Cross;
Police
Evacuation
Centres (NSCC)
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 7
required
Private Property
Less than 10
300
persons
High
First
Responders;
Assessment
Teams;
Insurance
Industry
Public Property
Damage
None
Long-term
multiple
numbers
High++
Fire Dept.(s);
DNR
Would include
Province/Federal
partners
Transportation
Disruption
Less than 10
Short
term 300+
Low
Police; TIR;
May need extra
personnel for
manned
barricades
Long-term
Environmental
Impacts
Potential
contamination
water supply
causing illness
N/A
Potentially
High ++
Water testing;
DNR;
Waters supply
areas,
Hazardous
Material areas
with long-term
clean-ups
Animal
displacement/death
Livestock
deaths 100+
None
unknown
Agri-Canada;
CFIA; DART-NS;
Lack of formal
arrangements
with resources
that could be
required
Crop Damage
None
None
unknown
Agri-Canada; NS
Department of
Agriculture;
Agriculture
Groups
No contact with
these groups to
provide info in
planning or
response
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Forest/Wildland Fire May 2012
Page 8
Overall Impact Score
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
X
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
RISK TOLERANCE
Considering the area of impact, community events, and past experience, identify the level of
tolerance to the hazard identified.
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X
Media
X
Other (identify)
X
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score __4____ x Overall Impact Score ___3.5___ = Number assigned to this hazard
__14____(1-25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
Moderate (6-10)
X
High (11-25)
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Drought May, 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Drought
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: ______REMO Lunenburg Co.______
Analysis Completed By: _____Planning Committee & MCCAP Planning Project________
Category of Hazard
X Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: _____Drought_____
"Droughts are complex phenomena with no standard definition. Simply stated, drought is a prolonged
period of abnormally dry weather that depletes water resources for human and environmental needs"
(AES Drought Study Group, 1986). Environment Canada- Science & Technology
For the REMO region we do not have a prediction for what atmospheric conditions will constitute a
drought situation.
May be correlation with increased hot days HRVA/plans
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent
first)
Changes made since
Comments
2002-2001
Agriculture & Agri-Food
Canada (AAFC ) expanded
Drought Watch to monitor
status of drought over all
major agricultural regions of
Canada-wide drought from Spring 2001
to Fall 2002. Repercussions included
agricultural production, employment,
crop and livestock production, and the
Gross Domestic Product. Atlantic Canada
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Drought May, 2012
Page 2
the country.
sought advice from Prairie Farm
Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) on
procedures to augment on-site water
supplies for agricultural communities.
Appears to have been little local affect
within Lunenburg County.
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
years)
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
Nova Scotia
Department of
Agriculture &
Fisheries
100
None
Droughts in Atlantic Provinces
occur rarely but reduced
occurrence results in lower
adaptive capacity making the
region more susceptible to
drought impacts.
Environment
Canada-
Science &
Technology
100
None
All Global Climate Models
project future increases in
summer continental interior
drying and associated risk of
droughts due to increased
temperature and evaporation
not balanced by precipitation.
Uncertainly exists on a
regional basis of any impacts
to Atlantic region.
Daigle Report
Table A-18
50
Predicts higher temperatures
& decreased precipitation
during the summer months;
DNR
0n-going
None
DNR measures and releases
daily during fire season, a
Provincial Drought (DC) on a
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Drought May, 2012
Page 3
range of 0-unlimited.
Measures dryness of the
largest sized surface fuels and
deep duff layers (10+cm
depth) Derived from the
previous (day before) DC, the
local noon temperature, and
24 hour precipitation. Coded
as Low, Moderate, High and
Extreme
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
X
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area (geographical; map reference)
Town of Bridgewater (Hebbs Lake Water supply area)
Town of Mahone Bay (Oakland Water supply area)
Dares Lake Water Supply Area
MODL- inland (well water decreased supply: New Germany); Coastal (risk of salt water intrusion)
MODC- all residents on well systems (Village of Chester; Western Shore)
Identify Population number in Impact Area
___50, 0000 ____
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
Farm/livestock owners
Residents on dug wells
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Drought May, 2012
Page 4
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
___Hebbs Lake Water Supply System ___
___Oakland Lake Water Supply System ___
__ Fire Suppression services (fire ponds, dry hydrants)
Typical
Impacts
# of potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of persons
displaced or
isolated &
timeframe
Environment &
Property
Damage Cost
estimate
Resources
required to
respond
Comments
Decreased
Water Supply
(watershed &
wells)
Less than 10
N/A would
have to
supply
alternative
sources to
prevent
evacuation
High +++
Alternative
Water
supplies- none
identified
As per Water
Contamination
Contingency
Plan
Estimated at
$5000.00 per
day for Town of
Mahone Bay
alone
Crop/Livestock
Damage
None
As above
Unknown
Agri-culture
industry
No links to agri-
response
Animal
disease/death
None
None
Unknown
Agri-culture;
CFIA;
No links to agri-
response
Increased
Wildland Fires
Less than 10
300+
High
DNR, Fire
Departments;
Mutual Aid
water Supplies
Within normal
operating
procedures
unless water
supplies
unavailable to
combat
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Drought May, 2012
Page 5
( see Wildland
Fire HRVA)
Economic
Disruption
None
None
High
Unknown
Resources
Damage to
tourism;
resource
industries
Ecological
Disruption
None
None
High
DNR, DOE;
DFO &
unknown
Loss of habitat,
endangered
species (20)
(whitefish);
Reduced
biodiversity
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
X
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model- Drought May, 2012
Page 6
RISK TOLERANCE
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X
Media
X
Other (Residents on
Municipal Water
systems)
X expect water supply
to be constant with
little historical
evidence of lack
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score ___2.5___ x Overall Impact Score __4____ = Number assigned to this hazard
___10___(1-25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
X
Moderate (6-10)
High (11-25)
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 1
Nova Scotia Emergency Management Organization
Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model
Animal Disease Outbreak
Background Information
Analysis Completed For: _____REMO Lunenburg Co.____
Analysis Completed By: _____Planning Committee + MCCAP Planning Project____
Category of Hazard
X
Natural
Technological
Industrial
Human-Induced
Identify Specific Hazard: ___Animal Disease Outbreak__
A foreign animal disease (FAD) is a disease caused by a transmissible infectious agent, currently exotic to
Canada, with the potential for rapid spread, the introduction of which would seriously affect access of
Canadian animals and animal products to foreign markets. The primary focus of the current response
policy if a disease, such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) or classical swine fever (CSF), were identified
in the region is eradication by stamping out. The primary tools of stamping out a disease include early
detection of disease when introduced, rapid killing of all known infected animals, tracing of all high risk
contacts, application of herd quarantine, testing of populations at risk, and, in some instances, the
application of pre-emptive slaughter or strategic vaccination. Crucial to the success of stamping out is
the early placing of high risk premises and geographic production areas under animal movement
restriction. (CFIA)
Animal disease outbreak in Wildlife is less monitored and regulated. Backyard flocks, hobby farms,
organic operations may not undergo the same control/surveillance measures as animals within the food
chain.
Many animal disease causing agents have possibility for mutation and cross-over to humans.
PROBABILITY
Historical Events
Date (most
recent first)
Changes made since
Comments
On-going
Increased surveillance
programs in place
Vector population mapping and indices of
disease suggest increased prevalence of
lyme, rabies, white nose syndrome in
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 2
bats, EEE
2009
Low pathogenic Avian Influenza, B.C
2007
Emergency Management Act
came into effect; linked CFIA
to coordinate emergency
management falling within
their mandate
High pathogenic Avian Influenza, Sask.
Sacramento
California
2005
West Nile Virus 163 human cases;
pesticide spray operation; Total cost of
health care & spraying costs = 2.98
Million
2005
Low pathogenic Avian Influenza, B.C.
2005
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE,
or Mad Cow disease) Alberta
2004
High pathogenic Avian Influenza, B.C.;
over 13 million domestic birds
depopulated
1999
Surveillance & reporting of
bird die-offs (CFIA)
West Nile Virus outbreak started in New
York Zoo birds; 125 human cases, 4
deaths, Transmission from birds to
mosquitoes to people; City-wide
pesticide spraying program initiated;
DEET-distributed to residents through fire
halls (300,000 cans)
Predicted Events without Historical Evidence
Predicting
Authority
Evidence to
support
prediction
with
timeframe
(5, 7, 20,
100, or 500
Mitigation
Strategies in Place
Comments
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 3
years)
Canadian Food
Inspection
Agency (CFIA)
20
Federal EM plans &
programs
"Animal disease emergencies
have been happening more
often in recent (since 2004)
years. The Agency expects this
to continue because
international trade and travel
is growing and new diseases
are emerging". (CFIA; 2010)
Canadian
Medical
Association
"Climate
change and
infectious
diseases in
North America:
the road
ahead" by
Amy Greer PhD,
Victoria Ng BS,
And David
Fisman MD
MPH
(CMAJ, 2008)
20
Climate change may affect
infectious diseases of animal
origin that may be transmitted
to humans) in 3 ways: it may
increase the range or
abundance of animal
reservoirs or insect vectors,
prolong transmission cycles,
or increase the importation of
vectors or animal reservoirs
(e.g., by boat or air) to new
regions, which may cause the
establishment of diseases in
those regions. Lyme disease (a
tick-borne borreliosis) is likely
to change substantially in
North America and Europe.
Temperature determines the
northernmost extent of tick
populations. Mathematical
models suggest that tick
abundance may greatly
increase in southern Canada,
with a northern expansion of
about 200 km by the year
2020.
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 4
Probability Score
(Considering historical and predicted probability rate the likelihood of occurrence in years)
5 Highly Probable within 5 years or less
4 Likely to occur every 5-7 years
X
3 Might occur once every 20 years
2 Not expected; could occur once every 100 years
1 Rare chance of occurrence every 500 or more years
Impacts
Identify most likely Impact Area
__ Entire REMO area for human cross over disease--
Animal Disease in Food Supply Chain:
MODL & MODC & Town of Bridgewater (Mapping of areas with registered agricultural )
Bridgewater- map of exhibition grounds & 3km radius
New Ross Fairground
Identify Population number in Impact Area
50,000
Identify numbers of Susceptible Persons in Impact Area (Identify groups)
Farmers/Livestock owners
Farm Supply Operators (ex.Shur-gain; Co-op)
Farmers Market Vendors
Pet owners/Hobby farms
4-H groups
Veterinarians
First Responders
Health Care Workers
Kennel/Animal Care Workers
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 5
Wildlife workers
Animal Control & By-Law Enforcement Officials
Identify critical Infrastructure in Impact Area
As per Epidemic/Pandemic HRVA & Plan
Veterinarians & Vet Clinics
Typical
Impacts
# of potential
Deaths or
Injuries
# of
persons
displaced
or isolated
&
timeframe
Environment
& Property
Damage Cost
estimate
Resources
required to
respond
Comments
Illness
(transmission
to humans)
Unknown- could
be long term
illness/disabilities
for certain
diseases
None
Potentially
High
EHS; Hlth
Canada; SSH;
DNR; CFIA
Provincial and
Federal plans
and procedures
in place
2005- 163
humans cases
WNV in
California est.
Cost of 2.98M
(EID Journal Volume
16, Number 3-
March 2010 CDC)
Increased
need for
health care
(humans)
Unknown
As above
None
As above
As above
Increased
need for
veterinary
None
None
unknown
Veterinary
support;
transportation
No links to these
agencies
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 6
care
of animals;
CFIA if Foreign
Animal Disease
Livestock
Transportation
disruption
None
None
Unknown
Police
(barricades);
CFIA
No links to
quarantine
restricting
authorities
Carcass
Disposal
None
None
Unknown
No resources
to dispose of
large numbers
No links to
agencies
Media Focus
None
None
None
REOC; Media
Liaison;
Mayors/Council
Clear procedures
& guidelines on
authority, lead
agency,
Public
disorder
Less than 10
None
unknown
Police/RCMP;
Organized
groups could
arrive in area if
slaughter/animal
welfare in
question
Economic
Disruption
None
None
Unknown
No links to
agriculture
groups
Could shut down
Farmer's
markets;
exhibition;
animal shows;
Decreased
/recreation use
in park areas &
facilities
Economic
consequences
from loss of
agricultural
production
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 7
could be high
Ecological
Disruption
None
None
Unknown
No links
Unknown
information
* Used Low, medium and high scores for environmental & property costs assuming Low= thousands of
dollars; Medium= 10, 000 + and High = 100,000+
Overall Impact Score
(Considering each of the impacts identified and the guidelines below, select an overall impact
score for the hazard event)
5 Catastrophic, over 100 people affected; multiple fatalities; injuries, long term health effects;
prolonged displacement; extensive environment & property damage; long term effects to
environment; serious infrastructure disruption; community unable to function without
significant support
4 Significant; 51-100 people affected; multiple serious injuries; long-term hospitalization
required; displacement for 6-24 hours; significant impact to environment- medium to long term
effects; external resources required; community only partially functioning, some services
unavailable
X
3 Moderate; 11-50 people affected; no fatalities, some hospitalization and treatment required;
localized small numbers displaced for 6-24 hours; no long term environmental or property
damage; localized damage rectified by routine arrangements; normal community functioning
with some inconvenience, no resources required outside of mutual aid agreements
2 Minor; less than 10 people affected; no fatalities, small number of injuries requiring first aid
only; small numbers displaced for less than 6 hours; no external resources required; minor
localized disruption to community services for less than 6 hours;
1 Insignificant; no fatalities, injuries or impact on health; no persons displaced; no damage to
properties or environment; no disruption to community services or infrastructure; no mutual aid
resources required
RISK TOLERANCE
Group
High Tolerance
Medium Tolerance
Low Tolerance
Public
X low tolerance to
mass slaughter; fears
of transmission
Media
X
REMO Hazard Risk Vulnerability Model-Animal Disease May, 2012
Page 8
Other (Animal Rights
groups; Anti-pesticide
groups)
X mobilize to area to
oversee animal
welfare; Anti-
pesticide groups not
tolerant of certain
eradication
techniques
HAZARD RISK VULNERABILITY RATING
Probability score __3__ x Overall Impact Score __3__ = Number assigned to this hazard __9__(1-25)
Final Hazard Assignment in consideration of Risk Tolerance for Priority Planning
Low (1-5)
X
Moderate (6-10)
High (11-25)
X
Requires further analysis due to Risk tolerance rating
*
Requires input from agriculture/animal/livestock groups for accurate assessment
*
Provincial health care/agriculture/DNR assessment & direction
*
May require municipal planning for tick control/eradication/pesticide spraying
*
Highlights need for Agri input into REMO response planning
*
Have Human Disease/Pandemic Contingency Plan- sections may apply
MUNICIPAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN
MUNICIPALITY OF THE DISTRICT OF CHESTER
APPENDIX D
ENERGY INVENTORY OF THE MUNICIPALITY:
Corporate Energy and Emissions Spreadsheets
Name of Municipal Government:
Mun. of the District of Chester
Province or Territory:
Nova Scotia
Corporate Inventory Year:
2006
Completed by:
Lyle Russell
Colour Coding Scheme:
Energy Use: Required to calculate total emissions
Cost: Not required to calculate emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (eCO2): Emissions that are automatically calculated based on energy input multiplied by emissions coefficient
Air Pollutant Emissions: Emissions that are automatically calculated based on energy input
Required Input
Recommended Input
Calculated
Calculated
Indicators: Used to calculate relative energy and emission performance (e.g. per user, per unit area etc). Not required to calculate emissions
*This spreadsheet has been prepared solely for the use of the Union of Nova Scotia Municipalities, and therefore should be used as a tool to facilitate the creation of an emissions inventory for member
municipalities.
Recommended Input
NOTE: Emissions coefficients* are embedded into this spreadsheet. To view emissions coefficients, unhide all sheets and all rows. To unlock worksheet ten, please contact Peggy Crawford at the Union
of Nova Scotia Municipalities [(902) 423-8331 [email protected]].
The coefficients utilized in this spreadsheet are those best known and valid as of December 2007. Coefficient values will be regularly updated as required to keep this toolk current for Nova Scotia
Municipalities. This will ensure the quality and accuracy of the emissions inventory, which is a necessary step prior to sharing the results of the inventory exercise and planning for GHG emissions
reductions. All inquiries can be directed to [email protected], or [email protected].
kWh Coefficients
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Coefficients for Electricty Generation
1990-2006
Inventory Year
Coefficient (kg eCO2/kWh)
1990
0.801
1991
0.828
1992
0.851
1993
0.835
1994
0.773
1995
0.748
1996
0.782
1997
0.788
1998
0.785
1999
0.864
2000
0.937
2001
2002
2003
2004
0.855
2005
0.871
2006
0.868
kWh Coefficient
0.868
Emissions Coefficients from 1990 to 2000 were retrieved directly from the original ICLEI Inventory Quantification Support Spreadsheet Emissions
Coefficients. Nova Scotia Power Incorporated provided 2004 to 2006 data, however, they could not provide emissions coefficients from the year 2001 to
2003. NSPI is currently re-calculating emissions coefficients for each one of these years, and all years previous to this where possible. Representatives
from NSPI estimate that this project may be complete by the end of 2007, but can't be certain. Emissions coefficients from the year 2006 onward can be
located by visiting the Government of Canada's Federal GHG Reporting website at http://www.ghgreporting.gc.ca/, or by following up with Nova Scotia
Power each year.
Instructions: If you are selecting a base year other than the default 2006 base year, please select from the table above and enter the corresponding
emission coefficients in the cells to the left. For example, if you chose 2000 as your base year, enter the value 0.937 into cell B24.
Buildings
Mun. of the District of Chester
Corporate Inventory
A) Energy Consumption - Buildings
AP
AP
AP
AP
Building or Building Group Name
Occupants
Operating
Hours
Total Floor
Area (m2)
Total Use
(kWh)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total SO2 (KG)
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total SO2 (KG)
Total Use (GJ)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total NOx (KG)
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total NOx (KG)
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Cost ($) /
Operating Hour
Total Cost ($) /
Occupant
Cost ($) / m2
eCO2 (t) /
Operating Hour
eCO2 (t) /
Occupant
eCO2 (t) / m2
Main Office (151 King St)
104920.00
91.07
188.86
9147.20
62.20
77.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
153.27
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Planning Office (186 Central St.)
21900.00
19.01
39.42
8960.80
60.93
76.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.94
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Bandstand
270.00
0.23
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Landfill (450 Kaizer Meadow Rd)
161514.00
140.19
290.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
140.19
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Boat Pumpout (South St)
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Zoe Valley Library (63 Regent St)
8998.00
7.81
16.20
6529.70
44.40
55.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
52.21
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Totals
0
0
0
297603.00
0.00
258.32
535.69
24637.70
0.00
167.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
425.86
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
5. Diesel
TOTALS
6. District Energy
1. Indicators
2. Electricity (kWh)
3. Fuel Oil (L)
4. Natural Gas
Emissions Coefficients
50.79 kg eCO2/GJ
Type Selected Coefficient
2.68 kg eCO2/L
50.79 kg eCO2/GJ
2.63 kg eCO2/L
B) Air Pollutants
AP
Coefficient
Total AP (KG)
AP
Coefficient
Total AP (KG)
AP
Coefficient
Total AP (KG)
AP
Coefficient
Total AP (KG)
N/A
N/A
0.000600
14.782620
0.035368
0.000000
0.015595
0.000000
0.001800
535.685400
0.008520
209.913204
0.000253
0.000000
0.004761
0.000000
0.000750
223.202250
0.002400
59.130480
0.042105
0.000000
0.072396
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000024
0.591305
N/A
N/A
0.005910
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000240
5.913048
0.000800
0.000000
0.005089
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000120
2.956524
0.000800
0.000000
0.005089
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000030
0.739131
0.000800
0.000000
0.005089
0.000000
Total Use (L)
0.00
Total Particulate Matter (TPM)
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10)
Oxides of Nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx)
297603.00
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Total Use
(GJ)
24637.70
2. Electricity - Air Pollutants
3. Fuel Oil (L)
4. Natural Gas
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5)
Total Use
(kWH)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
0.00
Total Use (L)
5. Diesel
Electricity
258.32
Fuel Oil
167.54
Natural Gas
0.00
Diesel
0.00
District Energy
0.00
Electricity
0.00
Fuel Oil
0.00
Natural Gas
0.00
Diesel
0.00
District Energy
0.00
Total eCO2 by source
Total Cost ($) / Source
Total eCO2 by Source
Electricity
Fuel Oil
Natural Gas
Diesel
District Energy
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Cost ($)
Total Cost ($) / Source
Main Office (151 King St)
104920.00
Planning Office (186 Central St.)
21900.00
Bandstand
270.00
Landfill (450 Kaizer Meadow Rd)
161514.00
Boat Pumpout (South St)
1.00
Zoe Valley Library (63 Regent St)
8998.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
Insert comments here:
kWh Use / Building
0.00
20000.00
40000.00
60000.00
80000.00
100000.00
120000.00
140000.00
160000.00
180000.00
kWh
kWh Use / Building
Vehicle Emissions
Mun. of the District of Chester
Corporate Inventory
A) Vehicle Emissions
1. Vehicle or Vehicle Group Name
Total Vehicle
KM's
# of Vehicles
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Use (GJ)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Cost ($) /
Km
Total Cost ($) /
# of Vehicles
Total eCO2 (t) /
Km
Total eCO2 (t) /
# of Vehicles
Landfill Heavy Equiptment
0.00
98935.50
260.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
260.20
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Public Works Trucks
11457.40
26.81
66.50
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.99
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Garbage Collection Fleet
0.00
74466.72
195.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
195.85
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Totals
0
0
11,457
0
27
173,469
0
456
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
483
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
B) Air Pollutant Calculator
8.Totals
Emissions Coefficients
2.63 kg CO2 / L
1.52kg CO2 / L
50.79kg CO2 / GJ
2.22kg CO2 / L
2.34 kg CO2 / L
7. Ethanol Blend (L)
5. Propane (L)
4. Diesel (L)
6. Natural Gas (GJ)
2. Indicators
3. Gasoline (L)
Gas
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Diesel
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Propane
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Natural Gas
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Ethanol Blend
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Gas
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Diesel
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Propane
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Natural Gas
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Ethanol Blend
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Gas
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Diesel
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Propane
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Natural Gas
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Ethanol Blend
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
SO2 (KG)
NOx (KG)
VOCs (KG)
PM 10 (KG)
PM 2.5 (KG)
TPM (KG)
Total Distance
Travelled (KM)
CO (KG)
Light Duty Passenger Vehicle - Automobile
Light Duty Passenger Vehicle - Truck
Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle
Fuel
Consumed
(L)
Vehicle Type or Vehicle Group Type
Fuel Type
Average Fuel
Consumption
(L / 100 KM)
C) Conversion of Distance Travelled to Total Fuel Consumption
Eng Size/
Trans #gears
CO2 kg per year
City
Hwy
PU
5.3 / 8
E4E
X
$1,960
2839
16.4
11.5
88
864
6814
L / 100KM
11.5
NRC Office of Energy Efficiency: Click on Fuel Consumption Ratings tool.
Vehicle Efficiency for Different Fuels (L/100km)
Heavy Truck
Bus
Insert Comments here:
43.5
35.7
Fuel Type
Gasoline
Representative Vehicle Selected
Rank
Litres of Fuel Consumed
L/100km
$/yr
Conversion Table
Vehicle Type
Chevrolet C1500 Avalanche
# Cyl
Class
All
Type
Make/Model
Fuel
Consumption
http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/transportation/tools/compare/compare-search-one.cfm?attr=8
L/yr
500
Total KM Travelled
57.5
Chevrolet C1500 Avalance
Vehicle Activity
Hwy
If your municipality does not have fuel use figures available for each vehicle or vehicle group, you can use the distance
travelled in these vehicles or groups to calculate total fuel use. Follow these steps:
1. Identify the exact vehicle or a representative vehicle based on your vehicle group's composition.
2. Visit Natural Resources Canada's Office of Energy Efficiency (see link below) and select a representative year, class,
manufacturer and fuel type, then select two units of measure: L / 100KM and Model / Make. 3. Submit
the appropriate information and draw your attention to the Consumption (L / 100 km) column. 4. Select the
coefficient that you feel is the most appropriate based on your vehicle group's activity and convert (you will find city driving
and highway driving coefficients). To
illustrate the conversion, we have selected a vehicle in the table to the right. Simply plug in the appropriate coefficient in the
table, along with the KM travelled and calculate the total fuel use from that vehicle or vehicle group. You can enter this
number in the rows above to calculate total eCO2.
Class
Insert Comments here:
43.5
35.7
39
32
Gasoline
26.81
Diesel
456.22
Propane
0.00
Compressed Natural Gas
0.00
Ethanol Blend
0.00
Gasoline
Diesel
Total eCO2 (t) / Source
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
eCO2 (t)
Total eCO2 (t) / Source
Gasoline
0.00
Diesel
0.00
Propane
0.00
Compressed Natural Gas
0.00
Ethanol Blend
0.00
Landfill Heavy Equiptment
0.00
Public Works Trucks
#REF!
Garbage Collection Fleet
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0 00
Total Gasoline Use (L) / Vehicle Group
Total Cost ($) / Source
Total Cost ($) / Source
Gasoline
Diesel
Propane
Compressed Natural Gas
Ethanol Blend
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Gasoline Use (L)
Gasoline Use (L) / Vehicle Group
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0.00
0.20
Gas
Streetlights
Mun. of the District of Chester
Corporate Inventory
2. Indicators
4. Total
# of Lights
Total Use (kWh)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t) /
Group
Total eCO2 (t) /
Streetlight
LOW WATT:
0
0
#DIV/0!
HIGH WATT:
0
0
#DIV/0!
LOW WATT:
11
10,956
10
0.864528
HIGH WATT
0
0
#DIV/0!
Emission Coefficient
3. Electricity (kWh)
Description
Incandescent
Mercury Vapour
HIGH WATT:
0
0
#DIV/0!
LOW BULB #:
0
0
#DIV/0!
HIGH BULB #
0
0
#DIV/0!
LOW BULB #:
0
0
#DIV/0!
HIGH BULB #
0
0
#DIV/0!
LOW BULB #:
0
0
#DIV/0!
HIGH BULB #
0
0
#DIV/0!
LOW WATT:
0
0
#DIV/0!
HIGH WATT:
0
0
#DIV/0!
Low Pressure Sodium
High Pressure Sodium
Fluorescent
Fluorescent Crosswalk: Continuous Burning
Fluorescent Crosswalk: Photocell Operation
LOW WATT:
772
558,156
484
0.627564
HIGH WATT:
2
3,000
3
1.302
LOW WATT:
0
0
#DIV/0!
HIGH WATT:
1
3,060
3
2.65608
786
575,172
0
499
0.635177221
B) Air Pollutants
AP
Coefficient
Total
AP (KG)
N/A
N/A
0.001800
1035.309600
0.000750
431.379000
N/A
N/A
/
/
l
l
(
)
Metallic Additive
2. Electricity - Air Pollutants
Total Use (kWH)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
575172.00
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx)
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Totals
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Total Particulate Matter (TPM)
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10)
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5)
Incandescent
0
Mercury Vapour
10,956
Fluorescent
0
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Continuous Burning
0
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Photocell Operation
0
Low Pressure Sodium
0
High Pressure Sodium
561,156
Metallic Additive
3,060
kWh Use / Group
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
kWh
kWh Use / Group
Incandescent
0
Mercury Vapour
0
Fluorescent
0
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Continuous Burning
0
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Photocell Operation
0
Low Pressure Sodium
0
High Pressure Sodium
0
Metallic Additive
0
Total Cost ($) / Group
Total Cost ($)/ Group
Incandescent
Mercury Vapour
Fluorescent
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Continuous Burning
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Photocell Operation
Low Pressure Sodium
High Pressure Sodium
Metallic Additive
Incandescent
0
Mercury Vapour
10
Fluorescent
0
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Continuous Burning
0
Fluorescent Crosswalk:
Photocell Operation
0
Low Pressure Sodium
0
High Pressure Sodium
487
Metallic Additive
3
Total eCO2 (t) / Group
Metallic Additive
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
eCO2 (t)
Total eCO2 (t) / Group
Insert Comments Here:
Water and Sewage
Mun. of the District of Chester
Corporate Inventory
AP
AP
AP
AP
Indicators
Facility or Facility Group Name
Output (1000L)
Total Use
(kWh)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total SO2 (KG)
Total Use (L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2
(t)
Total SO2
(KG)
Total Use
(GJ)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2
(t)
Total NOx
(KG)
Total Use
(L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2
(t)
Total NOx
(KG)
Total Use
(L)
Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t) Total Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Cost ($) /
Output (L)
Total eCO2 (t) /
Output (L)
Chester WWTP
354775.00
307.94
638.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
307.94
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Western Shore WWTP
97315.00
84.47
175.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
84.47
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Chester Baisn WWTP
2665.00
2.31
4.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.31
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
New Ross WWTP
2980.00
2.59
5.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.59
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Chester Acres WWTP
1785.00
1.55
3.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.55
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Mill Cove WWTP
48280.00
41.91
86.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
41.91
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Mill Cove WTP
93550.00
81.20
168.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
81.20
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Totals
0.00
601350.00
0.00
521.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
521.97
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
AP
Coefficient
Total AP (KG)
AP
Coefficient
Total AP
(KG)
AP
Coefficient
Total AP
(KG)
AP
Coefficient
Total AP
(KG)
N/A
N/A
0.000600
0.000000
0.035368
0.000000
0.015595
0.000000
5. Diesel
Emissions Coefficients
Type Selected Coefficient
2.68 kg eCO2/L
50.79 kg eCO2/GJ
2.63 kg eCO2/L
50.79 kg eCO2/GJ
TOTALS
6. District Energy
Electricty (kWh)
3. Fuel Oil (L)
4. Natural Gas
5. Diesel
3. Fuel Oil (L)
2. Electricity
Total Use
(GJ)
4. Natural Gas
Total Use
(L)
Total Use
(kWH)
Total Use (L)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
/
/
0.001800
1082.430000
0.008520
0.000000
0.000253
0.000000
0.004761
0.000000
0.000750
451.012500
0.002400
0.000000
0.042105
0.000000
0.072396
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000024
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.005910
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000240
0.000000
0.000800
0.000000
0.005089
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000120
0.000000
0.000800
0.000000
0.005089
0.000000
N/A
N/A
0.000030
0.000000
0.000800
0.000000
0.005089
0.000000
0.00
601350.00
0.00
0.00
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10)
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5)
(
)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx)
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Total Particulate Matter (TPM)
Electricity
521.97
Fuel Oil
0.00
Natural Gas
0.00
Diesel
0.00
District Energy
0.00
Electricity
0.00
Fuel Oil
0.00
Natural Gas
0.00
Diesel
0.00
District Energy
0.00
Total eCO2 / Source
Total Cost ($) / Source
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
eCO2 (t)
Total eCO2 (t) / Source
Total Cost ($) / Source
Electricity
Fuel Oil
Natural Gas
Diesel
District Energy
Chester WWTP
354775.00
Western Shore WWTP
97315.00
Chester Baisn WWTP
2665.00
New Ross WWTP
2980.00
Chester Acres WWTP
1785.00
Mill Cove WWTP
48280.00
Mill Cove WTP
93550.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.00
Insert Comments Here:
kWh Use / Group
Diesel
District Energy
0.00
50000.00
100000.00
150000.00
200000.00
250000.00
300000.00
350000.00
400000.00
kWh
kWh Use / Group
Waste
Mun. of the District of Chester
Paper - 0.58
Trimmings - 0.238
Food - 0.400
Paper - 0.114
Trimmings - 0.059
Food - 0.100
2. Number of Employees
Waste to Landfill (wet t)
Cost of Landfilling
Total eCO2 (t)
Waste to Landfill (wet t)
Cost of Landfilling
Total eCO2 (t)
Total Cost ($)
Total eCO2 (t)
Cost per Employee ($)
eCO2 per Employee (t)
0
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
OR
11.7
5.85
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Insert Comments Here:
Totals
3. Landfill Without CH4 Recovery
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings
Mixed Solid Waste
Corporate Inventory
1. Type of Waste
Paper
4. Landfill With CH4 Recovery (Landfill gas flared or used for energy generation)
Emissions Coefficient (tonne eCO2 / tonne waste)
Emissions Coefficient (tonne eCO2 / tonne waste)
Summary
Mun. of the District of Chester
Sector
Total Cost
Total eCO2
Buildings
0.00
425.86
Vehicle Fleet
0.00
483.03
Street and Area Lights
0.00
499.25
Water and Sewage
0.00
521.97
Waste
0.00
5.85
Totals:
0.00
1935.96
Corporate Inventory
Cost and Tonnes of eCO2 / Sector
Total Cost ($) / Sector
Total eCO2 (t) / Sector
Cost and Tonnes of eCO2 / Energy Type
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Cost ($)
Total Cost ($) / Sector
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
eCO2 (t)
Total eCO2 (t) / Sector
Total Cost
Total eCO2
0.00
1279.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
456.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
167.54
0.00
26.81
0.00
0.00
-
0.00
0.00
1930.11
Energy Type
Ethanol Blend
Fuel Oil
/
gy yp
Totals
Electricity
Natural Gas
Compressed Natural Gas
Diesel
District Energy
Waste
Propane
Gasoline
0 60
0.80
1.00
($)
Total Cost ($) / Energy Type
800 00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
2 (t)
Total eCO2 (t) / Energy Type
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Cost ($)
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1000.00
1200.00
eCO2 (t)
1 pound (lb)
453.6 grams (g)
0.4536 kilograms (kg)
0.0004536 metric tons (tonne)
1 kilogram (kg)
2.205 pounds (lb)
1 short ton (ton)
2,000 pounds (lb)
907.2 kilograms (kg)
1 metric ton (tonne)
2,205 pounds (lb)
1,000 kilograms (kg)
1.102 short tons (tons)
1 cubic foot (ft 3)
7.4805 US gallons (gal)
0.1781 barrel (bbl)
1 cubic foot (ft 3)
28.32 liters (L)
0.02832 cubic meters (m 3)
1 US gallon (gal)
0.0238 barrel (bbl)
3.785 liters (L)
0.003785 cubic meters (m 3)
1 barrel (bbl)
42 US gallons (gal)
158.99 liters (L)
0.1589 cubic meters (m 3)
1 litre (L)
0.001 cubic meters (m 3)
0.2642 US gallons (gal)
1 cubic meter (m 3)
6.2897 barrels (bbl)
264.2 US gallons (gal)
1,000 liters (L)
1 kilowatt hour (kWh)
3,412 Btu (btu)
3,600 kilojoules (KJ)
1 megajoule (MJ)
0.001 gigajoules (GJ)
1 gigajoule (GJ)
0.9478 million Btu (million btu)
277.8 kilowatt hours (kWh)
1 Btu (btu)
1,055 joules (J)
1 million Btu (million btu)
1.055 gigajoules (GJ)
293 kilowatt hours (kWh)
1 therm (therm)
100,000 btu
0.1055 gigajoules (GJ)
29.3 kilowatt hours (kWh)
1 hundred cubic feet of natural gas
1.03 therm (therm)
Kilo
1,000
Mega
1,000,000
Giga
1,000,000,000
0.001
Tera
1,000,000,000,000
1 land mile
1.609 land kilometers
1 nautical mile
1.15 land miles
1 cubic meter (m 3) = 0.038 GJ
1 metric ton carbon
3.664 metric tons CO2
For additional unit conversion factors, visit www.onlineconversion.com.
Other
Unit Conversion Factors
To convert from kg to metric tons,
multiply by:
Mass
Volume
Energy
Coefficients
Corporate Inventory
Fuel & Waste Coefficients
KG CO2
UNIT
50.79
GJ
Heritage Gas: Nova Scotia based provider of natural gas www.heritagegas.com
50.79
GJ
Heritage Gas: Nova Scotia based provider of natural gas www.heritagegas.com (NOTE: Natural gas coefficient assumed for District Energy. A replacement is required if your source of district energy differs from this source)
2.68
Litre
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Use in Facilities. Version 2.0. June 2006. Developed by World Resources Institute (WRI) and copyrighted. Available at www.ghgprotocol.org.
2.63
Litre
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Use in Facilities. Version 2.0. June 2006. Developed by World Resources Institute (WRI) and copyrighted. Available at www.ghgprotocol.org.
1.52
Litre
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Use in Facilities. Version 2.0. June 2006. Developed by World Resources Institute (WRI) and copyrighted. Available at www.ghgprotocol.org.
50.79
GJ
Heritage Gas: Nova Scotia based provider of natural gas www.heritagegas.com (NOTE: Natural gas coefficient assumed for District Energy. A replacement is required if your source of district energy differs from this source)
2.22
Litre
ICLEI Inventory Quantification Support Spreadsheet Emissions Coefficients / UNFCCC, IPCC Emissions Coefficients
Waste Coefficient
NS Power kWh Coefficients / Year
Inventory Year
Coefficient (kg CO2 / kWh)
1990
0.801
1991
0.828
1992
0.851
1993
0.835
1994
0.773
1995
0.748
1996
0.782
1997
0.788
1998
0.785
1999
0.864
2000
0.937
2001
2002
2003
2004
0.855
2005
0.871
2006
0.868
Electricity Consumption - Facilities
Category
Location
SO2 (kg/kWh)
NOx (kg/kWh)
Electricity
Nova Soctia
0.00180
0.00075
Fuel Oil Consumption - Facilities
Substance Name
Emission Factor
Units
kg/L
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
0.6
kg/m3
0.0006
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
8.52
kg/m3
0.00852
Oxides of Nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx)
2.40
kg/m3
0.0024
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
0.024
kg/m3
0.000024
Total Particulate Matter (TPM)
0.24
kg/m3
0.00024
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10)
0.12
kg/m3
0.00012
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5)
0.03
kg/m3
0.00003
Emissions Coefficients from 1990 to 2000 were retrieved directly from the original ICLEI Inventory Quantification
Support Spreadsheet Emissions Coefficients. Nova Scotia Power Incorporated provided 2004 to 2006 data, however,
they could not provide emissions coefficients from the year 2001 to 2003. NSPI is currently re-calculating emissions
coefficients for each one of these years, and all years previous to this where possible. Representatives from NSPI
estimate that this project may be complete by the end of 2007, but can't be certain. Emissions coefficients from the
year 2006 onward can be located by visiting the Government of Canada's Federal GHG Reporting website at
http://www.ghgreporting.gc.ca/, or by foloowing up with Nova Scotia Power each year.
Source: Based on internal Jacques Whitford data. Currently undergoing revision and may change. Current efforts are being undertaken to calculate
additional Criteria Air Contaminants for electricity generation and will be included in future toolkits.
Source: Distillate Fuel Oil (#2 Oil) Combustion. Based on NPRI toolbox provided by Environment Canada. Emission factors are from AP-42 (Chapter
1.3) and US-EPA WebFIRE (December 2005) database. See US EPA AP-42 for EF rating definitions. Emission factors are based on 0.5% sulfur
content in #2 Fuel Oil.
Propane
Compressed Natural Gas
Ethanol Blend
Source
Natural Gas
District Energy
Fuel Oil
Energy Consumption Type
Waste
0.4817 tonnes CO2 / tonne of waste
Diesel
Natural Gas Combustion - Facilities
Substance Name
Emission Factor
Units
kg / GJ
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
1344
kg/106m3
0.03537
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
9.6
kg/106m3
0.00025
Oxides of Nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx)
1600
kg/106m3
0.04211
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)***
NA
kg/106m3
NA
Total Particulate Matter (TPM)
30.4
kg/106m3
0.00080
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10)
30.4
kg/106m3
0.00080
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5)
30.4
kg/106m3
0.00080
Diesel - Facilities (as generation < 600 hp)
Substance Name
Emission Factor
Units
kg / L
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
15.595
kg/m3
0.01560
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
4.761
kg/m3
0.00476
Oxides of Nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx)
72.396
kg/m3
0.07240
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
5.910
kg/m3
0.00591
Total Particulate Matter (TPM)
5.089
kg/m3
0.00509
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10)
5.089
kg/m3
0.00509
Particulate Matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5)
5.089
kg/m3
0.00509
Vehicle - Critical Air Contaminants (by vehicle class)
Vehicle Class
Critical Air Contaminants
Gasoline
(g/km)
Diesel
(g/km)
Propane
(g/km)
Natural Gas
(g/km)
E85
(g/km)
Hybird
(g/km)
CO
10.9
0.662
6.54
6.54
7.2
7.57
NOx
0.559
0.507
0.504
0.504
0.512
0.389
SO2
0.0035
0.0216
0.0035
0.0035
0.0035
0.0025
VOC
0.662
0.166
0.331
0.146
0.605
0.459
TPM
0.0158
0.0683
0.0039
0.0032
0.0077
0.011
PM10
0.0155
0.0682
0.0039
0.0031
0.0076
0.0108
PM2.5
0.0071
0.0556
0.0018
0.0014
0.0035
0.0049
CO
12.8
0.558
7.67
7.67
8.44
8.88
NOx
0.701
0.572
0.631
0.631
0.641
0.487
SO2
0.0045
0.0313
0.0045
0.0045
0.0045
0.0031
VOC
0.709
0.268
0.354
0.156
0.648
0.492
TPM
0.016
0.0942
0.004
0.0032
0.0079
0.0111
PM10
0.0158
0.094
0.0039
0.0032
0.0077
0.011
PM2.5
0.0073
0.0794
0.0018
0.0015
0.0036
0.0051
CO
14.4
1.49
0.172
0.173
0
0
NOx
2.86
7.01
4.03
4.07
0
0
SO2
0.0092
0.0902
0.0902
0.0902
0
0
VOC
0.959
0.267
0.921
0.932
0
0
TPM
0.0584
0.192
0.0154
0.0448
0
0
PM10
0.0569
0.192
0.0154
0.0448
0
0
PM2.5
0.0406
0.163
0.0131
0.0381
0
0
Street and Area Lighting: Average kWh / Month
Cateogory of Street or Area Light
NSPI Division
NSPI: kWh / Month
NSPI: kWh / Year
Watt Range or
Number of Bulbs
Low Watt
97.00
1164
300
High Watt
154.00
1848
Greater than 300
Low Watt
83.00
996
100 - 400
High Watt
278.33
3340
700 - 1000
Low Number of Bulbs
67.60
811.2
1 - 2
High Number of Bulbs
194.00
2328
4
Low Number of Bulbs
160.00
1920
2
High Number of Bulbs
487.67
5852
4
Low Number of Bulbs
63.25
759
1 - 2
High Number of Bulbs
222.67
2672
4
Low Watt
52.50
630
90 - 135
High Watt
80.00
960
180
Low Watt
60.25
723
70 - 150
High Watt
125.00
1500
250 - 400
Low Watt
72.33
868
100 - 250
High Watt
255
3060
400 - 1000
Source: Diesel Fuel Generator - Fuel Usage Up To 600 Horespower. Based on NPRI toolbox provided by Environment Canada. Emission factors are
from AP-42 (Chapter 3.3) and US-EPA WebFIRE (December 2005) database. See US EPA AP-42 for EF rating definitions.
Incandescent
Mercury Vapour
High Pressure Sodium
Metaillic Additive
Source: Natural Gas Combustion. Based on NPRI toolbox provided by Environment Canada. Emission factors are from AP-42 (Chapter 1.4) and US-
EPA WebFIRE (December 2005) database. See US EPA AP-42 for EF rating definitions.
Low Pressure Sodium
Fluorescent
Fluorescent Crosswalk Continuous Burning
Flourescent Crosswalk Photocell Operation
Light duty Passenger Vehicles - Automobile
Light Duty Passenger Vehicles - Truck
Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicle
SOURCE: NSPI Approved Tariffs, April 1, 2007 / Miscellaneous Tariffs: Street and Area Lighting . Averages based on Monthly kWh consumption / rate code in the
Operating, Maintenance and Capital categories where full charges apply. *Note: Bulb length for fluorescent lights was not used as a determinant in these averages given
the need for broad applicability of consumption factors, however, bulb length does impact energy consumption.
Source: Transport Canada. Urban Transportation Emissions Calculator. Data presented is based on 2006 calculations. Available at http://www.tc.gc.ca/programs/environment/UTEC/CacEmissionFactors.aspx
MUNICIPAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN
MUNICIPALITY OF THE DISTRICT OF CHESTER
APPENDIX E
EcoNOVA SCOTIA MUNICIPAL ENERGY AUDIT REPORT
The Municipality
Of The District of Chester
ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy
Audit Report
Date Prepared:
March 16, 2009
Prepared For:
The Municipality of the District of Chester
151 King Street
Chester, Nova Scotia, B0J 1J0
Attn:
Lyle Russel, Public Works
Darrel Hiltz, CAO
Prepared By:
Mike Jenkins, P. Eng.
Nova Dynamics Limited
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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Table of Contents
Section
Report Sections
Page
1
Introduction
3
2
Executive Summary
3
3
Methods
5
4
Building Assets:
4.1
Municipal Administration Building
7
4.2
Municipal Planning Office
15
4.3 Zoe Valle Library Building
22
4.4
Landfill Administration Building
29
4.5
Landfill Maintenance Building
33
5
Vehicle Fleet Assets
36
6
Street and Area Lights
39
7
Water Supply and Wastewater Assets
41
8
Landfill and Solid Waste System
45
9
Recommendations
47
10
Appendix
50
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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1. Introduction
This Eco-Trust "Basic Energy Audit Report" provides an analysis of the energy
consumed by the various assets of The Municipality of The District of Chester, Nova
Scotia. This report also provides a list of measures and opportunities to reduce energy
consumption and corresponding greenhouse gases for each of these assets. The analysis
and list of opportunities are based on findings from a walkthrough energy audit of The
Municipality of the District of Chester's assets and a completed GHG inventory list.
Each of the opportunities identified during the walkthrough audit and analysis are listed
in the corresponding asset section of this report. The rational and measures to implement
each opportunity are also described along with an estimated value of savings, installed
costs, and a calculation of simple payback. Each of the opportunities described are also
summarized in spreadsheets in the appendix of the report according to their pay back and
priority. This report also provides recommendations for future feasibility study and
potential implementation under the ecoNova Scotia (Eco-Trust) program.
2. Executive Summary
This "Municipal Energy Audit" report is based on an analysis of a separate ecoNova
Scotia (Eco-Trust) greenhouse gas inventory list prepared by the District of Chester as
well as notes made during a site visit at each town asset. This report describes the
existing energy consumption and current conditions for each asset reviewed along with a
comparative energy analysis with similar regional assets. The site visits and walk-
through energy audit resulted in over 75 energy saving opportunities identified and
described in this report.
Overview of Energy Usage For The District of Chester's Corporate Assets
The information listed in Table 2.1 below, provides an overview of the energy usage by
the municipality's various asset categories. The greenhouse gas inventory report
previously prepared also includes this information along with a detailed calculation of the
equivalent greenhouse gases for each asset class.
Analysis of the data show that the largest, total energy, consumer for the Municipality of
the District of Chester is the landfill site. This is due to the leachate wastewater treatment
facility as well as the large amount of diesel fuel consumed by mobile equipment at the
site. The second largest consumer for the District is the heavy vehicles used primarily for
solid waste collection. The third largest consumer of energy is the District's wastewater
treatment and water supply assets. Streetlights represent the fourth largest consumer of
energy. The energy consumed by the corporate buildings is, in total, less than any of the
other selections.
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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Table 2.1 - Corporate Asset Annual Average Energy Consumption in GJ, (2006-
2007) Sorted By Total Consumption
Asset Description
Liquid/Gas
Fuel
Consumption
GJ
Electrical
Energy
Consumption
GJ
Total
Energy
Consumption
GJ
Landfill (450 Kaizer Meadow Rd)
3,826.83
581.61
4,408.44
Vehicles (Without landfill Vehicles)
3,293.98
0.00
3,293.98
Street Lights
0.00
2,071.20
2,071.20
Water - Waste/Water
0.00
1,828.59
1,828.59
Main Office (151 King St)
353.81
377.82
731.63
Planning Office (186 Central St.)
346.60
78.86
425.47
Zoe Valley Library (63 Regent St)
252.57
32.40
284.97
Bandstand
0.00
0.97
0.97
Boat Pump out (South St)
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total Energy Used GJ
8,073.79
4,971.46
13,045.25
General Building Assets
The majority of the opportunities described in this report are in the building asset section
due to the quantity of buildings, their relative age and their usage. Energy reduction
strategies favour reduction of heat loss first and then consideration of alternative or
replacement energy sources. The main heat loss reduction strategies for typical building
assets are: improved insulation in ceiling and basement spaces, improved space heating
boiler/furnace efficiency, and improved space heating distribution controls. Electrical
energy loss reduction opportunities and strategies typically involve an upgrade to more
efficient lighting systems and replacement of electric hot water storage heaters with on
demand tank-less water heaters. A replacement energy strategy for fuel oil space heating
is via the use of a heat pump.
Street Lighting
Street lighting is provided by Nova Scotia Power and is the third largest consumer of
energy for the Municipality. This report includes the following key opportunities and
strategies to optimize energy use for streetlights:
- Street light usage study
- Optimize area lighting for town assets
Vehicles
The vehicle fleet fuel savings have more general recommendations but the key
recommendations are as follows:
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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- Track individual vehicle costs to assist with decisions on usage, maintenance and
replacement.
- Participate in NRC "fleet smart program" with operational and management
training for vehicle fleets.
Wastewater and Water Treatment Systems
This report outlines opportunities to optimize the use of electrical energy for water
treatment plants and water supply facilities. The use of instruments to measure the
dissolved oxygen in wastewater can be used to control the aeration blowers to provide the
right amount of air without providing more than is needed.
Landfill Site Energy Usage
The landfill site includes buildings, leachate treatment processes, and heavy vehicle
assets, which in total is the largest energy consumer for the District. The heavy vehicle
consumption is the largest component at this site. Electrical motors used for blowers
compressors and pumps in the leachate treatment process are also large consumers of
energy since they operate over long periods of time. These assets provide several energy
reduction opportunities; including increased equipment efficiency and adding advanced
controls.
General Report Recommendations
The "Opportunity list" spreadsheet found in the appendix of this report summarizes and
sorts the opportunities in each category by the order arranged in the report, then again by
payback and finally by priority. It is recommended that the District implement
opportunities with a payback of under four years as a good investment on their own.
There are several opportunities in the higher cost "Retrofit" category with a longer
payback that can benefit from the 50% cost sharing of the second phase of the ecoNova
Scotia (Eco-Trust) program.
The summary spreadsheet totals the potential cost savings of all projects at $85,000 per
year, however some opportunities are mutually exclusive where perhaps only one
alternative of several may be chosen. The total green house gases saved from all of the
opportunities listed, is calculated as 355.9 metric tonnes per year. The total capital cost
of all the projects is estimated to be $213,000.
3. Methods Used to Identify and Analyze Opportunities
The assets of the Municipality of the District of Chester, are divided into the following
categories:
1. Building Assets:
a. Main Office Municipal Administration Building
b. Planning Office
c. Zoe Valle Library Building
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d. Landfill Site Office & Maintenance Buildings
e. Other small periodically used buildings including the bandstand and boat
pump out station
2. Vehicle Fleet (including light and heavy vehicles or diesel and gasoline
consumers respectfully).
3. Street and Area Lights
4. Water Treatment Facilities and Wastewater Handling assets
5. Solid Waste Handling Facility
This report outlines the findings of the energy consumption and an energy analysis of
each asset, followed by a description of green house reduction opportunities determined
for each asset.
The green house gas reduction opportunities described for each asset, are arranged into
sub-categories of: "Housekeeping", "Minor Maintenance", and larger capital or
"Retrofit" opportunities.
Housekeeping opportunities are those measures that can be implemented through current
operational procedures, and/or maintenance practices. Minor Maintenance or low cost
capital measures include the upgrade, or replacement of existing equipment, using
internal staff with assistance from maintenance or service contractors. Retrofit
opportunities are those measures that require larger capital costs, outside contractors and
coordination with other building activities.
Each of the opportunities described in this report are also summarized in a spreadsheet
located in the appendix of the report. This spreadsheet summary provides for each
opportunity; an estimated installed cost where available, the anticipated energy cost
savings, and the GHG equivalent emission reductions for each asset. The spreadsheet also
indicates payback results and a proposed priority for implementation. The opportunities
listed in the spreadsheet are then sorted according to proposed implementation priority
based on category and payback.
The data collected in this report, for the energy consumption used by the Municipality of
the District of Chester, is from the District's GHG inventory report. This Inventory
report utilizes the 2006 annual consumption records. The current (February 2009)
average price of energy is equal to $0.13 per kWhr for electricity, and $0.85 per liter for
fuel oil. Electricity rates have increased from 2006 due to a 9.3% increased as of January
2009. Fuel oil prices have however, recently trended down from $1.25 per liter in
September of 2008 to below $0.70 per liter in January 2009. The long-term price for
furnace oil is expected to average about $1.00 per liter in future years. Therefore, for
analysis and calculations used in this report, the average cost used for furnace oil is $0.85
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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per liter and the cost of electrical consumption is $0.13 per kWhr. Where sensitivity to
fuel oil or electricity prices is warranted, other pricing will be highlighted.
The units used for quantities in this report are generally the SI or metric system. In some
cases, existing equipment specifications indicate other units. Typical conversion values
for energy units used in this report are as follows:
- 1 GJ of energy is the equivalent of 277.8 kWhr electrical.
- 1 GJ of energy is the approx equivalent of 0.9478 million BTUs (1 Million)
- 1 GJ of energy is 1,000 MJ of energy.
- 1 liter of fuel oil is .03868 GJ
- 1 liter of propane is .0266 GJ
- Insulation resistance value of 1 (RSI) = 5.67 (R)
4. Building Asset Energy Audit
4.1 Municipality of The District Of Chester - Administration Building
Description of District Administration Building
The District of Chester's administration building is located at 151 King Street in
the Village of Chester. This building is approximately 35 years old and was built
in 1974. The complete building is used for the municipality's administrative,
public works, recreation, council chambers and Warden's offices. The
administrative offices are typically used during regular offices hours of 8:00 am to
4:30 pm. The council chambers and committee rooms are used periodically at
various times outside of office hours.
The building is a two-story structure generally rectangular in shape, with a canopy
over a concrete outdoor area in the rear or west side of the building. The front of
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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the building is aligned with King Street and is oriented facing and east. The
administration building's floor area is approximately 350 m2 all on each level
with a total area of 700 m2. The main level of the building contains the main
administrative offices including the CAO's office, accounting and tax offices as
well at the IT and records storage area. The main electrical room, boiler room,
and mechanical service room are all on this level. The upper floor contains the
Council Chamber's Warden's office and meeting room as well as Public Works
and recreation offices.
The building is of wood frame construction. Interior walls are generally wood
frame with interior finish of gyprock except where the concrete block is used for
fire resistance such as archive storage room. The ground floor is on a concrete
slab and is exposed to outdoor ambient air on 3 sides, and a portion of the rear of
the building. The building's wall envelope appears to be constructed with 150mm
(6") walls and is therefore assumed to be insulated with minimum RSI 2 (R12)
walls with exterior painted wooded shingle finish with a light grey color.
The roof is a low slope peaked roof with overhangs. The ceiling membrane is
dark coloured asphalt shingles. The roof space is assumed to be insulated with
fiberglass batts of RSI 3.5 (R20) insulation value. The ceiling spaces for both
upper and lower floors have suspended T-bar ceiling and ceiling tiles. There are 4
skylights at the top of the central stairwell and over the upper floor corridor. The
upper and lower floor are separated by interior doors and glassed in central
stairwell space.
The building's walls have 22 windows sized approximately (900mm h x 600mm
w) and approximately 11 windows (sized 600 mm h x 900 mm wide) wood and
non-metallic frames with double glazed glass in the building's envelope. There is
a set of double doors at the main entrance in front and rear each with a second set
in the foyer. There are two steel insulated man doors, one upstairs and one
downstairs, on the south end of the building.
Administration Building Mechanical Systems
A hot water boiler provides the main administrative building space heating. There
is a New York Thermal model NT 282 with gross output of 279,000 BTU/hour.
The boiler is controlled with a "Teckmar" 260, a single stage boiler controller
with DHW and potential outdoor reset control. There is an internal domestic hot
water coil in the boiler and an electric hot water storage tank that serves as a
supplemental or summer season hot water source. Water supply is via a well
pump system.
The space heating water is distributed in an insulated single pipe loop via a
circulating pump. It is assumed that the controller is set up for outdoor air reset
and mixing control with the circulating pump to reduce loop temperature. The
space-heating terminal units (heaters) used in the building are typically
convection type, hot water, baseboard heaters. There are two forced air
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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convectors at the entrance foyers. One unit is located upstairs and one unit is
located at the downstairs entry, thermostats control each.
Several small split system air conditioning units and heat pumps provide space
cooling. The split system's indoor fan coil is typically a wall-mounted unit and is
tubed to an outdoor condenser/evaporator located at ground level. Each unit is
provided with its own internal control system. There are approximately 8 of these
air conditioning systems installed in the building.
A "Nu-Air" heat recovery ventilator is installed in the main administrative area in
a ground floor mechanical room space. The fresh air is tempered with both a hot
water heating coil as well as a 10 kW eclectic duct heater. The ventilation system
is also provided with a humidity control system. The ventilation air is controlled
via a humidistat.
Administration Building Electrical Systems
The building is supplied from a single 200 amp, 240/120-volt, single phase,
overhead, and electrical service. The main electrical service panel is located in
the mechanical room, on the ground floor in the south side of the building. The
main fused switch feeds a 200 amp; circuit breaker distribution panel. This panel
supplies the building, loads on the ground floor as well as two other distribution
panels. The main power supply is supplied via a 200-amp automatic transfer
switch to a remotely installed backup generator installed in a separate building on
the west side of the building.
The building's lighting system is comprised mainly of fluorescent lighting
fixtures. The fixtures are typically two types 2' x 2' U tube, 4 x 4 tube fixtures in
suspended ceilings. The upstairs corridors and entry foyer as well as the council
chambers are illuminated with incandescent pot lights. Other offices have on-
ground floor have combination of 2' x 2' and 4' tubes. There are several
incandescent lamp exit lights. The estimated total lighting load is 8.4 kW.
The main electrical loads in the building are as follows:
1. Space heating
1,000 watts
2. Lighting
8,400 watts
3. Kitchenette Stove
4,000 watts
4. Water heater
3,000 watts
5. Refrigerator
1,200 watts
6. Air conditioner
6,000 watts
7. Office Copier
600 watts
8. Servers computers
2,400 watts
9. Ventilation system
12,000 watts
Total
38,600 watts
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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Town Hall/ Administration Building Energy Analysis
The energy inventory report indicates that the electrical energy consumption for
2006 year was 104,920 kWhr. This represents an annual electrical energy
consumption of 353.81 GJ. The average electrical cost over this period of 2006 is
estimated to be $12,000 assuming the average cost per kWhr was $0.11 per kWhr.
The space heating fuel consumption is reported as 9,147 Liters for 2006 or
equivalent energy consumption of 353.8 GJ. Assuming the average cost of
furnace oil was $0.85 in 2006 the estimated fuel cost was $7,774.95.
The total energy consumed by the District's administration building is therefore
731.63 GJ. An overall energy intensity factor based on an operational area of 700
m2 is therefore calculated to be 1.05 GJ/m2. The average energy intensity factor
(consumption of energy) for a similar office building in Atlantic Canada is 1.60
GJ/m2. Relative to the average building of this type, this compares very well
considering that this building has air conditioning and a separate mechanical
ventilation system. The energy consumption intensity level for space heating is
calculated as 0.505 GJ/ m2 including fuel oil plus electrical consumption for heat
pumps and electrical space heating costs. The average space heating requirements
for office buildings of this size in Atlantic Canada consume 0.652 GJ/m2, this also
compares favourably.
The total cost of energy for this building on an annual basis is estimated to be
$19,775 and therefore the building energy cost index is calculated as $28/m2.
The total calculated annual greenhouse gas emissions for this building are 91
tonnes of CO2e.
Opportunities for Energy Savings
The following energy-saving opportunities for the "Municipal Administration
Building" have been determined by an initial priority of reducing energy
consumption by reducing losses, secondly by considering means of recovering
any of the losses present and finally by use of alternative fuels or more efficient
systems to utilize energy.
Municipal Administration Building Housekeeping Opportunities
1. Cleaning & Re-lamping Light Fixtures: Original lighting levels of new
fixtures and lamps depreciate over time. Cleaning fixture reflective surfaces
and re-lamping, when necessary, of existing lighting systems can improve
lighting output 10-25%. Where more light is needed this will be an immediate
improvement and where more lighting is not needed fixtures may be switched
off or individual lamps removed to save energy. The estimated cost of
cleaning fixtures and replacing lamps in the administration building is
estimated to be $300. Assuming a 15% improvement in light of the resulting
savings 1.26 kW of lighting in operation for 2,000 hours per year equals about
$327 annual in electrical cost savings. This measure represents a 1-year
payback.
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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Municipal Administration Building Minor Maintenance Opportunities
2. Reduce Lighting Load: Upgrading lighting controls from switches to
occupancy sensors for areas such as washrooms, hallways, meeting rooms or
spaces infrequently used can reduce the amount of time lights are left on in un
occupied spaces. Outdoor lights can also have timers and/or daylight sensing
controls added. These types of lighting controls can provide savings of 10-
30% of lighting costs, in their respective areas. Assuming there is the
potential to control 3,000 watts (or 3kW) of lighting, this represents a
potential savings of $156 per year. The cost of installing advanced lighting
controls is approximately $100 for each light switch. Assuming there are 6
locations the installed project cost is $600. Therefore the simple payback for
this project is about 3.85 years.
3. Heating Controls Upgrade: The energy used for space heating of spaces such
as the council chambers, entry foyers, Wardens office, utility spaces and
administrative space that is not used, can be reduced when they are not
occupied. The council chambers room has a programmable thermostat but it
appears to be for the air conditioning /heat pump system only rather than
space heating. There appear to be at least four potential zoned, non-
programmable thermostats in the building that could benefit from an upgrade.
Replacing these manual thermostats with programmable thermostats can save
approximately 5% -15% of space heating costs. The cost of programmable
thermostats is $150 installed therefore for 4 installations the estimated project
cost is $ 600. The estimated fuel oil savings, based on energy savings at 10%
consumption reduction, is 914 liters per year or calculated as $777 per year
cost savings. This is calculated as a 0.8-year project payback.
4. Boiler Burner and Heating Surface Efficiency: Service of the existing space
heating boiler's burner, boiler-heating surfaces should be completed annually.
A build up of soot on the boilers fireside heat transfer surfaces reduces the
efficiency of the furnace. A buildup of scale and minerals in the boiler's
distribution water also reduces the heat transfer and the efficiency of the
heating system. Periodic furnace and heating distribution system
maintenance such as periodic water side de-scaling, blow down and inspection
of water side components can improve boiler efficiency by up to 3%. Also,
the oil burner nozzle and fuel burner adjustments for correct airflow should be
checked and adjusted for a further 2-3% efficiency improvement.
Assuming an average efficiency improvement of 5%, this represents a savings
of approximately 450-500 liters of oil or approximately $388 in savings.
The cost for this periodic service may be $300. The calculated payback
therefore is 8 months; however this service should be repeated annually.
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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Municipal Administration Building - Retrofit Opportunities
5. More Efficient Lighting. The existing lighting system in the building is
original and can be upgraded to more efficient lighting fixtures, thereby
reducing electrical losses and reducing heat gain in the cooling season. The
proposed project is to change all existing T12 fluorescent fixtures to more
efficient T8 or T5 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts. There are
several pot lights (incandescent lamps) on both floors that can easily be
changed to compact fluorescent fixtures. Electronic ballasts have the
capability to be dimmable and may be suitable in the council chambers or
meeting rooms or potentially for offices upstairs such as public works where
daylight harvesting features can be added.
The anticipated energy savings of new fixtures are 30% better than the
original fixtures. The total savings are therefore 2.5 kW kilowatts of the 8.4
kW) over an average of 2,000 hours. The savings are $655.00 dollars. The
retrofit cost of a light fixture is approximately $100-150 per fixture for a
fluorescent fixture, and $5 for a compact fluorescent. The total installed cost
of replacement fixtures is estimated to be $7,700. The expected payback for
this type of upgrade is therefore about 12 years. NSPI and Conserve Nova
Scotia have a current "Small Business Direct Install lighting Program" retrofit
program underway that will improve this payback to about 2-4 years.
6. Exit Light Upgrades: Replacement of exit light lamps with newer, low power
LED style lamps. The estimated replacement cost for each exit light lamp
installed is $50 each. There are approximately 10 fixtures installed for a total
cost of $500. Exit light fixtures are normally constantly energized and
although they are small electrical loads, their energy costs accumulate over the
entire year. The typical existing 50-watt incandescent lamp consumes 8,760
hours x 60 watts or approximately $683 per year of electrical costs.
Therefore, a 10-watt LCD type lamp will save approximately $546 per year.
The calculated pay back is therefore 1.1 years. Refer to Conserve Nova
Scotia's lighting upgrade program, which provide incentives for these types of
upgrades as well.
7. Reduce Domestic Water Heater Losses: Due to infrequent but periodic
demand for domestic hot water, consider a demand type (tank-less electric)
water heater rather than an electric storage or indirect storage tank water
heater. An "on-demand" water heater can save up to 3%-5% of hot water
storage tank radiation heat losses as well as the pipe distribution losses.
Large quantities of hot water storage such as for shower use are not often
required in this building. The savings in hot water heating cost for a 3 kW
water heater is approximately 3 kW x 3% x 8,670 hours x $.13 /kWhr = $102
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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per year. The cost of an on-demand heater is $600 therefore the payback is
6.00 years.
8. Verify Boiler Outdoor Reset Controls: Boilers and distribution systems
operating over short cycles are not as efficient as boilers operating at or near
capacity over a longer period of time. Advanced boiler controls may be used
to control the distribution temperature of water based on the outdoor
temperature (outdoor reset) and the building's actual heating requirements.
The existing boiler has a "Teckmar" 260 controller used for DHW control as
well as a potential outdoor reset control. The outdoor reset control should
take precedence over the DHW control now that the hot water is on a demand
heater. It is more important for the boiler to reduce the primary loop
temperature via a mixing system according to outdoor temperature. This type
of advanced control can dramatically increase the efficiency of the boiler by
preventing short operating cycles to satisfy hot water demand or mild weather
heating requirements. The cost to implement this system, if not already
present, is $1000. An efficiency improvement of 10-15% will provide savings
in the annual cost of oil of $1,166, therefore the potential payback is about 1
year.
9. Install An Automatic Damper Vent in Chimney: The chimney and boiler stack
vent will continue to remove warm air from a heated space as long as the vent
damper is open. This is especially true after a boiler has been firing and then
shuts off. An automatic damper vent closes the boiler's exhaust vent when the
boiler is not operating and opens it before the boiler operates. This device can
save about 5-7% of the cost of the heating season fuel, approximately 1176
liters or a saving of $1,000 per year. The cost per vent and installation is
approximately $600. Therefore, the estimated payback is 1.5 years.
Municipal Administration Building - Alternative Fuel Retrofit Opportunity
10. Heat Pump System - Air Source Heat Pump: Several of the spaces have an air
source heat pump as well as split system air conditioners. An air source heat
pump which costs only 10-15% more than an air conditioner can also provide
up to 75% -80% of the same area's seasonal heating requirements. Therefore,
ideally all split or unit system air conditioners should be heat pumps.
However, a standard heat pump is still not able to efficiently obtain heat from
outdoor air at less than -8 degrees C. Therefore, the existing oil fired hot
water system is needed as a reliable backup system for extremely cold days
and for periods of time when a heat pump may be defrosting. The typical
COP (coefficient of performance) for an air source heat pump is
approximately 2.5:1 (One unit of electrical energy in will provide 2.5 times
the heat energy out). The HSPF (heating season performance factor) for
southern Nova Scotia, for air source heat pump, is approximately 6.5-6.9.
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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This provides an approximate seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) of
2.3 for the Chester area.
The suggested total size of a heat pump primarily sized for cooling conditions
in the administration building is a total of 20 tons. This may be best achieved
as existing systems several 2-3 ton split systems. It is estimated that
approximately 50% of the existing air conditioning systems could be upgraded
when due for replacement to heat pumps. This size of heat pump will provide
for 70 % of the space heating requirements during the year. The estimated
installed cost of 50 % more air source heat pumps is therefore $20,000 and the
estimated savings during the heating season are $2,400 per year. Therefore,
the payback is expected to be 8 years.
11. Solar Lighting /Daylight Harvesting: The municipal administrative building is
typically occupied during daylight hours and the roof slope does face east and
west but visible to 30 deg. of true south for a large part of the day. This
provides an opportunity to utilize a solar powered "Sun Tracker" light fixture
to provide natural day lighting during office hours. Perhaps the existing
skylights can be replaced with a solar tracker. This light source in
combination with new automatically controlled (daylight harvesting) lighting
fixtures is a beneficial combination. The sun tracker device uses a motorized
solar powered, reflective surface inside a sealed skylight to direct diffused
natural light into a building interior space. The reflector optimizes the amount
of light by following the angle of the sun. This fixture has the capacity of
replacing up to 8 -10 regular light fixtures. When the daylight is unavailable
the electronically controlled fixtures automatically sense this and brighten.
The public works and upper hallway area of the administration building are a
good application for this fixture. The estimated cost of the fixture including
installation is $3,000 and the estimated electrical savings is calculated as
2,000 hours x 80% x 800 w = $166 annually. Therefore, with a 25% solar
rebate, the expected payback is 14.5 years.
12. Reduce Heat Loss Through Ceilings: The Administration building envelope
insulation and ceiling insulation should be inspected for consistent coverage
and quantity. An effective means of doing this is with a thermal imaging
scanner. The administration building's roof is a low peaked roof with
potential room for adding additional layers of fiberglass batt or blown in
insulation in areas with suspended ceiling. A minimum of insulation value of
RSI 6 (R 34) should be present in the ceiling insulation. Assuming the
existing ceiling space is insulated to an RSI value of 3 (R15), adding a 100%
increase or a value of RSI 3 over an area of 200 square meters of roof could
save a maximum 9,120 KJ of energy per hour. Over a period of a year, this
heat loss represents an electrical energy savings of 593 liters of fuel oil per
year and provides a cost savings of $504 per year. The cost of installing
insulation is typically $25 per square meter in ceiling space or $ 5,000, when
done with easy access to a roof or ceiling space. Therefore this opportunity
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has a 9-year payback. If the existing insulation is less than an RSI value of 3,
the payback will be much sooner.
4.2 Municipal Planning Office Building
Description of Municipal Planning Office Building
The planning office building is located behind the administration building with its
main entrance at 186 Central Street, Chester. The building was formerly a school
building with two floors, each floor containing two classrooms upstairs and down.
The building is currently used to house the District of Chester's planning offices
in the upper floor as well as a food bank and storage space in the lower floor. The
bottom floor is not regularly occupied. The building is a rectangular shape;
approximately 18m long by 12 m wide. The building is oriented with the main
entrance on the south side. The approximate floor area of the building is 180m on
the top floor and similar area is used for the basement.
The original building is approximately 50 years old and has gone through a few
minor renovations over its life span and retains its exterior façade as an historic
building. The ceiling spaces in the lower as well as the upper floor, 3.0m and
3.6m heights respectively, allowed the use of suspended tiled ceiling throughout
most of the space. The building's structure is wood framed with a concrete
basement set into the side of a hill. There are 6 small basement windows assumed
to be single glassed the furnace room walls are concrete block walls. Therefore,
the ground floor is exposed to one north wall and 50% of its sides to ambient air
and 1m of the south wall. The wall envelope in the basement is assumed to be
insulated with a minimum of (2") 50mm fiberglass batt insulation; the ceiling
space in the basement appears to also have 2" fiberglass batt.
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The roof is a single pitched roof oriented north and south with dark coloured
asphalt singles. The entrance lobby is insulated with 150mm of fiberglass
insulation, viewed when a wall panel was removed for inspection. The walls are
finished in gyprock wall panel relatively recently installed in some areas.
The ceiling in the upper floor is reported to have to be insulated to a minimum of
6" (150mm) fiberglass batt insulation.
The lower floor is concrete tiled flooring. The outside walls in service space are
poured concrete walls and not insulated. The lower floor has a large wooden un-
insulated, double door with visible gaps around some of its edges. There are also
single pane older windows in contact with ambient outdoor temperature. On the
north and south sides of the building there is a single entry door. On the top floor
of the building there is also a corresponding single man door at the northeast and
southeast corners respectively. The main entry into the center of the building is
located on the top floor. This is a set of double doors; insulated steel doors with
an upper window panel in each.
On the upper floor there is one window each located on the north and south side
plus a door window each. In addition, there are 4 windows located on the west
side plus the entryway windows. These windows are approximately 1,500 mm
high x 500mm wide. On the back or east side of the building, there are 12
windows approximately1800mm high x 900mm wide. These windows are single
glazed and fitted with an outside storm window. The east side has 6 lower
windows of 1500mm h x 600mm wide. The windows upstairs and most of the
lower floor windows are wood frame with double glassed glass panels. They are
older (25-30 years), but not original wood sash windows. They are slider type and
fitted with an exterior storm window.
Planning Building Space Heating
A single oil fired hot water boiler provides space heating for this building. This
boiler is a Kerr "Saturn" model with a Reillo model F20 burner. The boiler is
installed on the lower floor in a boiler room. The boiler hot water distribution
piping is 1-1/4' black iron without insulation. There are three-zone pumps used
for the heat distribution system, two heating zone distribution systems to the
upper floor's north and south sections and a single zone downstairs. A 2,300-liter
oil tank is located in the lower section of the building. The heating terminal units
downstairs are cast iron convectors along the outside wall. The upper floor
heating units are fin tube hot water convectors. The flue is a single indoor
chimney that penetrates the building roof.
There is a split system air conditioner located at the north end of the building with
an air duct distribution in the upper floor's ceiling space with supply and return
air ducts above the suspended ceiling for the upper floor planning office space.
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There is a single "Giant" 40 gallon 120 liter hot water storage tank located in the
furnace room in the basement. There are two vertical branches on the outlet
without heat loops. Space heating and domestic hot water piping is un-insulated.
Planning Building Electrical Systems
The electrical service for this building is located in an electrical room in the
basement adjacent to the boiler room. There is a minimum or a 200-amp main
beaker panel with underground service single-phase 240 /120 volt 3 wire system.
The main electrical loads in the building are listed below:
Lighting
5,000 watt
Furnace
1,000 watt
3 Circulating pumps 900 watt
1 Air conditioner
2,000 watt
1 Stove
5,000 watt
2 Freezers
2,000 watt
1 Refrigerator
1,000 watt
10 Office computers 4,000 watt
3 Office Copiers
2,000 watt
Water Pump
1,000 watt
Hot water heater
3,000 watt
Total loads
25,900 watts
Lighting System
The lighting system consists mainly of 2 tube surface mounted fluorescent
fixtures. These fixtures are magnetic ballasts with T-12 lamps. There are
approximately 25 fluorescent fixtures. There are fixtures upstairs and
approximately 16 fixtures down stairs. There are 2-3 incandescent lights in
service rooms as well as the exit lights and 2 outdoor incandescent lamps in red
glass fixtures. The total lighting load is 5 kW.
Planning office Energy Analysis
This building was reported to have consumed 21,900-kWhr or 78.86GJ of
electrical energy during the 2006 annual period. The total quantity of furnace oil
consumed (used for space heating) in the building in the 2006 periods was 8,960
liters. The total energy content of the oil, based on 0.0386 GJ/liter, is 346 GJ.
The total consumption of energy for this building is therefore calculated as
425.47 GJ. The total area inside the building is 250 m2. Therefore, the planning
office building has an average energy intensity level of 1.7 GJ/m2. This compares
closely with the average of similar facilities in Atlantic Canada of 1.6 GJ/m2 . The
space heating intensity at 1.38 GJ/m2 is high relative to the average of other
buildings this size at 0.652 GJ/m2.
The average cost per kWhr was assumed to be $0.12 over this period. Therefore,
the cost of electrical energy is $2,628. Assuming an average cost of furnace oil
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was $0.85 per liter for this period and that the cost of fuel oil is $7,616 before
taxes. The total cost of energy on an annual basis is $10,244 and the building
energy cost index based on area is calculated as $40.98/m2.
The total calculated green house gas annual emissions for this building is reported
from the inventory to be 43.0 tonnes of eCO2.
Opportunities for Energy Savings
The following energy saving opportunities for the Municipal Planning Building
have been determined by an initial priority of reducing energy consumption by
reducing losses. Secondly, it has been done by considering means of recovering
any of the losses present and finally by the use of alternative fuels or more
efficient systems to utilize energy.
Municipal Planning Building Housekeeping Opportunities
1. Cleaning & Re-lamping Light Fixtures: The original lighting levels of fixtures
depreciate over time cleaning and re-lamping when necessary, of existing
lighting systems can improve lighting output 10-20%. Where more light is
needed this will be an immediate improvement and where more lighting is not
needed fixtures may be switched off or individual lamps may be removed.
The estimated cost of cleaning reflective surfaces and replacing lamps in the
planning building fixtures is $200. This work should be done every 2 years.
The resulting potential savings, assuming 15% of 5.0 kW of lighting in
operation for 2,000 hours per year equals about $195 annual in electrical cost
savings and therefore represents a 1-year payback
Planning Building Minor Maintenance Opportunities
2. Reduce Lighting Load: Upgrading lighting controls from switches to
occupancy sensors for areas such as washrooms, entry areas, service spaces in
the basement or spaces infrequently used with occupancy sensors can reduce
the amount of time lights are on. Outdoor lights can also have timers and/or
daylight sensing controls. These types of controls can provide savings of 10-
30% of lighting costs in their respective areas. Assuming there is the potential
to control 1500 watts (or 1.5 kW) of lighting, this represents a potential
savings of $78 per year. The cost of installing advanced lighting controls is
approximately $100 for each light switch. Assuming 4 locations, costs are
$400. Therefore the simple payback is about 5 years.
3. Heating Controls Upgrade: The energy used for space heating of spaces such
as entry foyers, the office area, utility spaces, and administrative space that is
not used can be reduced when they are not occupied. The existing controls for
the planning building consist of three zones. Potentially three, but practically 2
thermostats, may be installed. Replacing these manual thermostats with
programmable thermostats may save approximately 5% -15% of space heating
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costs over the heating season. The cost of programmable thermostats is $150
installed therefore for 2 installations the estimated cost is $ 300. The
estimated energy savings at 10% consumption reduction is calculated as $761
or approximately a 0.4-year payback.
4. Boiler Burner and Heating Surface Efficiency: Service of the boiler's burner,
boiler-heating surfaces should be completed annually. A build up of soot on
the boilers fireside heat transfer surfaces reduces the efficiency of the furnace.
A buildup of scale and minerals in the boilers distribution water also reduces
the heat transfer and the efficiency of the heating system. Periodic furnace
and heating distribution system maintenance can improve boiler efficiency by
up to 3%. Also, the oil burner nozzle and fuel burner adjustments for correct
airflow should be checked and adjusted for a further 2-3% efficiency
improvement.
Assuming an average efficiency improvement of 5%, this represents a savings
of approximately 450-500 liters of oil or approximately $380 in savings.
The cost for this periodic service may be $300. The calculated payback
therefore is 8 months, however this service should be repeated annually.
Planning Office Retrofit Opportunities
5. More Efficient Lighting. The existing lighting system can be upgraded to
more efficient lighting fixtures thereby reducing electrical losses and reducing
heat gain in the cooling season. The proposed project is to change out all
existing T12 fluorescent fixtures, especially those on the top floor to more
efficient T8 or T5 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts. There are a few
incandescent several pot lights on both floors that can easily be changed to
compact fluorescent fixtures. Electronic ballasts have the capability to be
dimmable and may be suitable in the council chambers or meeting rooms or
potential for upstairs offices such as public works where daylight harvesting
features can be added.
The anticipated savings are 30% of the existing 5,000 watts currently
consumed by the existing lighting system. The total savings are therefore 1.5
kW kilowatts over an average of 2,000 hours. The savings are $390.00
dollars. The retrofit cost of a light fixture is approximately $100-150 per
fixture for a fluorescent fixture and $5 for a compact fluorescent. The total
installed cost of replacement fixtures is therefore estimated to be $5,000. The
expected payback for this type of upgrade is therefore about 12.7 years. NSPI
and Conserve Nova Scotia have a current lighting "Small Business Direct
Install lighting Program" retrofit program underway that will improve this
payback to about 2-4 years.
6. Exit Light Upgrades: Replacement of exit light lamps with newer, low power
LED style lamps. Estimated replacement cost for each exit light lamp
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installed is $50 each. There are approximately 4 fixtures installed for a total
cost of $200. These light fixtures are normally constantly energized. The
typical existing 50-watt incandescent lamp consumes 8,760 hours x 60 watts
or approximately $227 per year. Therefore a 10-watt LCD type lamp will
save approximately $180 per year. The calculated payback is therefore 1.1
years. Refer to Conserve Nova Scotia's lighting upgrade program, which
provide incentives for these types of upgrades as well.
7. Reduce Domestic Water Heater Losses: Due to infrequent, but periodic,
demand for domestic hot water, consider a demand type (tank-less electric)
rather than an electric or indirect storage tank water heater. An "on-demand"
water heater can save up to 3%-5% of hot water storage tank radiation heat
losses as well as the copper pipe distribution losses. Large quantities of hot
water such as showers are not often required in this building. The savings in
hot water heating costs for a 3 kW water heater is approximately 3 kW x 3% x
8,670 hours x $.13 /kWhr = $102 per year. The cost of an on-demand heater is
$600. Therefore, the payback is 6.00 years.
8. Add Boiler Outdoor Reset Controls: Lower temperature hot water distribution
will have reduced heat loss. Advanced boiler controls may be used to control
the distribution temperature of water based on the outdoor temperature
(outdoor reset) and the building's actual heating requirements. Along with
this, a lower distribution temperature for the hot water during shoulder
seasons will allow more regulated heating rather than frequent cycling of hot
and cold. The existing boiler has three circulating pumps for zone control. A
new primary circulating loop with return water mixing will allow an outdoor
temperature-sensing controller to provide the correct temperature distribution
water. This type of advanced control can dramatically increase the efficiency
of the boiler by preventing short operating cycles. The costs to implement the
system are estimated at $2,000. An efficiency improvement of 10-15% will
provide savings in the annual cost of oil of $1,142. Therefore, the potential
payback is about 2 years.
9. Install An Automatic Damper Vent in Chimney: The chimney and boiler stack
vent will continue to remove warm air from a heated space as long as the vent
damper is open. This is especially true after a boiler has been firing and then
shuts off. An automatic damper closes the boiler's exhaust vent when the
boiler is not operating and opens it before the boiler operates. This device can
save about 5-7% of the cost of heating saving which amounts to $1,000 per
year. The cost per vent and installation is approximately $600. Therefore the
estimated payback is 1.5 years.
10. Insulate Hot Water Heat Distribution Lines: The existing hot water zone
distribution line's supply and return as well as the boiler supply and return
header should be insulated. These are 1-1/4" black iron pipes. The estimated
length of pipe in the distribution zones is 100 m; the estimated cost of pipe
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insulation is $10 per meter for a project cost of $1,000. The expected cost of
oil savings is therefore 929 liters and the total cost is $800 per year. Therefore,
the payback is 1.2 years.
11. Reduce Heat Loss Through Ceilings: The Planning-building envelope
insulation and ceiling insulation should be inspected for consistent coverage
and quantity. An effective means of doing this is with a thermal imaging
scanner. The Planning-building roof is a peaked roof, with potential room for
adding additional layers of fiberglass batt or blown in insulation in attic spaces
or batts areas with suspended ceiling. A minimum insulation value of RSI 6
(R 34) should be present in the ceiling insulation. Assuming the existing
ceiling space is insulated to an RSI value of 3 (R15), adding a 100% increase
or a value of RSI 3 over an area of 200 square meters of roof could save a
maximum of 9,120 KJ of energy per hour. Over a period of a year, this heat
loss represents an electrical energy savings of 522 liters of fuel oil each year
and provides a cost savings of $444 per year. The cost of installing insulation
is typically $25 per square meter in ceiling space or $ 4,400 when done with
easy access to a roof or ceiling space. Therefore, this opportunity has a 9-year
payback. If the existing insulation is less than an RSI value of 3, the payback
is proportionally sooner.
Town Hall Alternative Fuel Retrofit Opportunity
12. Heat Pump System - Air Source Heat Pump: The upper floor has an air
conditioning system and an air distribution system installed in the ceiling
space. An air source heat pump, which costs approximately 10-15% more
than an air conditioner, can also provide up to 75% - 80% of a buildings
heating requirements seasonally. The existing air conditioner appears to use
outdoor air in the ceiling space to reject heat to and therefore is not as
efficient. An outdoor mounted ground or wall stand split system heat pump
can be concealed at the edge of the building. A heat pump is however still not
able to efficiently obtain heat from outdoor air at less than -8 degrees C.
Therefore the existing oil fired hot water system is needed as a reliable back
up system for extremely cold days and for periods of time when the heat pump
may be defrosting. The typical COP (coefficient of performance) for an air
source heat pump is approximately 2.5:1 (One unit of electrical energy in will
provide 2.5 times the heat energy out). The HSPF (heating season
performance factor) for southern Nova Scotia, for air source heat pump, is
approximately 6.5-6.9. This provides an approximate seasonal coefficient of
performance (SCOP) of 2.3 for the Chester area.
The suggested total size of a heat pump primarily sized for cooling conditions
in the upper floor of the planning building is a total of 5-7 tons. This may be
best achieved as existing systems two 3 ton split systems. The estimated cost
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of heat pumps is $15,000. The existing air conditioning systems could also be
upgraded when due for replacement to new heat pumps. This size of heat
pump will provide for 70 % of the space heating requirements during the year.
The estimated savings during the heating season, is $2,400 per year.
Therefore, the payback is expected to be 6.5 years.
13. Solar Lighting /Daylight Harvesting: The municipal planning building is
typically occupied during daylight hours. The roof is oriented north and
south, however, a roof monitor in the form of a dormer may be used to capture
natural daylight and have it be diffused through diffuser panels for a large part
of the day. Another opportunity is to utilize a solar powered "Sun Tracker"
light fixture or light pipes to provide natural day lighting during office hours.
Perhaps the existing skylights can be replaced with a solar tracker. This light
source in combination with new automatically controlled (daylight harvesting)
lighting fixtures is a beneficial combination. The sun tracker device uses a
motorized solar powered, reflective surface inside a sealed skylight to direct
diffused natural light into a building's interior space. The reflector optimizes
the amount of light by following the angle of the sun. This fixture has the
capacity of replacing up to 8 -10 regular light fixtures. When the daylight is
unavailable, the electronically controlled fixtures automatically sense this and
brighten. The upper foyer area of the administration building is a good
application for this fixture. The estimated cost of the fixture including
installation is $3,000 the estimated electrical savings is 2,000 hours x 80% x
800 w = $166 annual in savings. Therefore with a 25% solar rebate the
expected payback is 14.5 years.
14. Upgrade windows on east side of the building. The east side of the planning
building has a large amount of area in n since it was used as a school building.
The windows are dated and not as efficient as current windows. The
calculated heat loss through these windows is approximately 475 liters of oil.
Windows with a film and ½" air space could reduce heat loss by
approximately 100 liters of oil a year however the cost of replacement
windows would make this a long payback (more than 25years). The quantity
of the windows can be reduced by 50% and therefore heat loss would be
reduced by 50% providing a savings of 250 liters of oil per year. Assuming
the costs to remove and refinish window space are approximately $3,000, this
project would have a payback of 12 years. If windows in this area are to be
replaced, the most efficient available windows are recommended.
15. Improve Windows and Doors In Lower Level: The windows and equipment
doors into the food bank area are poorly fitted not very efficient. There is
some air space around the equipment door and the windows are only single
glazed without storm covers. Assuming a total window and door area of 12 m2
per door, the heat loss calculated can be reduced by improving windows and
doors to double-glazed and insulated doors. The reduced heat loss is
calculated as the equivalent of 370 liters of fuel oil per year or a cost savings
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of $313 annually. The project cost to upgrade windows and doors is estimated
to be $4,500; therefore payback is 14 years.
16. Reduce Basement Heat Loss: The basement walls in the ground floor are not
insulated on the west side and also do not appear to be insulated on the north
and south sides. There is some insulation above the ceiling space in the
basement (approximately 50mm fiberglass batt). This project is to insulate
basement walls in bottom floor. The floor to wall headers and bare concrete
exterior basement walls should be insulated. The estimated savings in fuel oil
for this work is 1,942 liters of fuel or cost savings of $1,651 per year. The
estimated cost of insulating these walls and the header space is $6,100.
Therefore, the overall payback is approximately 4 years.
4.3 Zoe Valle Library Building
Description of Zoe Valle Library Building
The Zoe Valle Library building is located at, 63 Regent Street, in the Village of
Chester. This is a historic building built approximately 150 years ago. The building
is rectangular in shape with two floors plus a basement. The main floor contains two
rooms containing the library's book collection, which is open to the public on a
periodic basis. The remainder of the building is a residential space.
The front of the building faces Regent Street or the north direction. Its outside
dimensions are approximately 12 m long by 9 m wide. The total occupied floor area
including both floors is reported to be 150 m2. The building envelope is a wood
frame building consistent with building construction at the time. It is assumed that
there is minimum insulation in the wall spaces. The interior walls are finished in
plaster surfaces and with wooden shingles sheathing on the outside walls. A central
stair well in the center of the building leads from the entry way to the upper floor.
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The building's roof system is a conventional peaked roof with black asphalt shingles
on top of a wood structure. The center portion of the roof provides an attic space. An
inspection of the attic shows approximately 150mm of fiberglass insulation in the
ceiling space and appears to continue down in the ceiling spaces to the eaves of the
building. There are two brick chimneys as well as a separate furnace vent penetrating
through the building out the roof of the building.
The basement is a full height basement in the main part of the building with a crawl
space under the lower kitchen section of the building. The basement floor is concrete
and the basement walls are mortared stone walls. The basement contains the furnace
and water pump equipment. The headers above the basement walls and basement
entry way are insulated with fiberglass batts.
There are approximately 12 windows in the building envelope. The approximate size
is 750mm wide x 1000mm high. The windows in both floors of the building are older
(50-60 year old) style wooden sash, vertical type. The glazing is made up of 12
smaller panes of single pane glass. Most windows are fitted with single metal-framed
storm windows on the exterior. The main entry way has several individual panes of
glass forming a light transit and sidelights surrounding the main wooden entry door.
There is a second door on the rear, or south side of the building and a former door on
the east side of the building.
Library Mechanical Systems
The library space heating is provided by a relatively new (less than 10-year-old) oil
fired, hot air furnace. This furnace is a Kerr Gemini model KDFE 140 with a Reillo
F40 burner. The burner is configured with a 1.22 gph rate nozzle for a gross heating
capacity of 140,000 BTU per hour. Heat is distributed via hot air ducts and floor
registers. There is only one zone in the building, regulated by a single thermostat.
An assumed electric hot water tank located on the main floor of the building provides
the domestic hot water.
Library Electrical Systems
The electrical service is a 100 amp, 240/120 single-phase overhead system. The
typical electrical loads in the building are listed below:
Lighting
1,600 watt
Furnace
1,000 watt
1 Blower
1,000 watt
1 Electric Stove
4,000 watt
1 Refrigerator
1,000 watt
1 computers
800 watt
Domestic appliances 3,000 watt
Water Pump
1,000 watt
Hot water Heater
3,000 watt
Total loads
16,400 watts
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Library Lighting System
The ground floor generally has incandescent light fixtures. The two library rooms
each have two florescent, 2-tube 48" lamps, fixtures with T12 lamps. The second
floor is illuminated with incandescent fixtures. The assumed lighting load is 1.6 kW.
Library Energy Analysis
The electrical consumption for the library building, for the 2006 period was 8,998
kWhr or 32.4GJ of energy per year. The reported furnace oil used for space heating
during the 2006 year was 6,529 liters or 252.57 GJ of space heating energy. The total
energy used by the library is therefore 284.97 GJ and the total floor area of the
building is estimated at 204 m2 therefore the energy intensity is calculated at 1.9 GJ/
m2. This is higher than an average office building in Atlantic region but difficult to
compare to a small historic building. The building's space heating energy intensity is
calculated as 1.8 GJ/m2 and is considered to be high compared to office buildings of
this size in Atlantic Canada, which on average consume 0.652 GJ/m2 for space
heating.
The cost for electrical energy in 2006 was $0.12 kWhr and the estimated cost of
electrical energy was $1,079 for the year. The fuel oil cost during the 2006 reporting
period is assumed to be $.85 per liter. The estimated cost for space heating was
therefore estimated to be $6,630. The building's energy cost index estimate is
therefore $44.20 per m2.
The total green house gases for the library building annually are 25.3 Tonnes of
CO2e.
Opportunities for Energy Savings
The following energy saving opportunities for the Zoe Valle Library Building have
been determined by an initial priority of reducing energy consumption by reducing
losses, secondly by considering means of recovering any of the losses present and
finally by use of alternative fuels or more efficient systems to utilize energy.
Library Building Housekeeping Opportunities
1. Cleaning & Re-lamping Light Fixtures: The original lighting levels of all
lighting fixture types and lamps depreciate over time. Cleaning fixture
reflective surfaces and re-lamping when necessary, can improve lighting
output 10-25%. Where more light is needed this will be an immediate
improvement and where more lighting is not needed fixtures may be switched
off or individual lamps removed. The estimated cost of cleaning reflective
surfaces and replacing lamps in the library building is estimated to cost $100
and should be done every 2 years. The resulting potential savings assuming
15% of 1.26 kW of lighting in operation for 2,000 hours per year equals about
$62 annual in electrical cost savings and therefore represents a 1-year
payback.
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Library Building Minor Maintenance Opportunities
2. Heating Controls Upgrade: The building has only one thermostat and one
common distribution system. Replacing the manual thermostat with a
programmable thermostat to implement night time set back or other features
may save approximately 5% -15% of space heating costs over the heating
season. The cost of programmable thermostats is $150 installed. The
estimated energy savings at 10% consumption reduction is calculated as $551,
or approximately a 0.5-year payback.
3. Boiler Burner and Heating Surface Efficiency: Service of the furnace burner,
heating surfaces should be completed annually. A build up of soot on the
fireside heat transfer surfaces reduces the efficiency of the furnace. A buildup
of dust and dirt on the fan and heat exchanger reduces the heat transfer and the
efficiency of the heating system. Periodic furnace and heating distribution
system maintenance can improve boiler efficiency by up to 3%. In addition,
the oil burner nozzle and fuel burner adjustments for correct airflow should be
checked and adjusted for a further 2-3% efficiency improvement.
Assuming an average efficiency improvement of 3%, this represents a savings
of approximately 200 liters of oil or approximately $166 in savings. The
cost for this periodic service may be $200. The calculated payback is
therefore 1.2 years, however this service should be repeated annually as part
of a preventative maintenance program.
Library Building Retrofit Opportunities
4. More Efficient Lighting. The existing lighting system can be upgraded to
more efficient lighting fixtures thereby reducing electrical losses and reducing
heat gain in the cooling season. The proposed project is to change out the
existing T12 fluorescent fixtures in the library rooms, especially those on the
top floor to more efficient T8 or T5 fluorescent fixtures with electronic
ballasts. There are a few incandescent several pot lights on both floors that can
easily be changed to compact fluorescent fixtures. Electronic ballasts have the
capability to be dimmable and may be suitable for use in reading rooms or
public areas where daylight harvesting features can be added.
The anticipated savings are 30% of the existing 1,600 watts currently
consumed by the existing lighting system. The total savings are therefore 0.5
kW over an average of 2,000 hours. The savings are $120.00 dollars per year.
The retrofit cost of a light fixture is approximately $100-150 per fixture for a
fluorescent fixture and $5 for a compact fluorescent. The total installed cost
of replacement fixtures is therefore estimated to be $1,000. The expected
payback for this type of upgrade is therefore about 7 years. NSPI and
Conserve Nova Scotia have a current lighting "Small Business Direct Install
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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lighting Program" retrofit program underway that will improve this payback
to about 2-4 years.
5. Reduce Domestic Water Heater Losses: Due to infrequent but periodic
demand for domestic hot water, consider a demand type (tank-less electric)
rather than an electric or indirect storage tank water heater. An "on-demand"
water heater can save up to 3%-5% of hot water storage tank radiation heat
losses as well as the pipe distribution losses. The savings in hot water heating
costs for a 3 kW water heater are approximately 3 kW x 3% x 8,670 hours x
$.13 /kWhr = $102 per year. The cost of an on-demand heater is $600
therefore the payback is 6.00 years.
6. Install An Automatic Damper Vent in Chimney: The chimney and boiler stack
vent will continue to remove warm air from a heated space as long as the vent
damper is open. This is especially true after a boiler has been firing and then
shuts off. An automatic damper closes the boiler's exhaust vent when the
boiler is not operating and opens it before the boiler operates. This device can
save about 5-7% of the cost of heating savings, totaling $277 per year. The
cost for a small vent and installation is approximately $500. Therefore, the
estimated payback is 1.8 years.
7. Reduce Heat Loss Through Ceiling: The library building envelope insulation
and ceiling insulation should be inspected for consistent coverage and
quantity. An effective means of doing this is with a thermal imaging scanner.
The roof is a peaked roof, with about 50% of its area accessible in an attic
space. There appears to be about 150 mm (6") of insulation with potential
room for adding an additional 150 mm layer of fiberglass batt or blown in
insulation. A minimum insulation value of RSI 6 (R 34) should be present in
the ceiling insulation. Assuming the existing ceiling space is insulated to an
RSI value of 3 (R15), adding a 100% increase, or a value of RSI 6, over an
area of square meters of roof could save 6,840 KJ of energy per hour. Over a
period of a heating season, this heat loss represents an electrical energy
savings of 356 liters of fuel oil per year and provides a cost savings of
$378.50 per year. The cost of installing insulation is typically $20 per square
meter in ceiling space or $ 3,000 when done with easy access to a roof or
ceiling space. Therefore, this opportunity has an 8-year payback.
8. Reduce Basement Heat Loss: The basement walls are generally mortared
stonewalls with little direct exposure to ambient air. The floor header spaces
over top of the stone are insulated with fiberglass batts. The basement wall
heat loss therefore acts in a single direction; typically to the earth. The
assumed temperature differential through the winter season is 10 deg. C.
Installing a rigid foam or a framed and batt insulation system can reduce the
heat loss from the basement and from the floor space above through the walls.
The estimated savings in fuel oil for this work is 1,444 liters of fuel or cost
savings of $1,227 per year. The estimated cost of insulating these walls and
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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the header space is estimated to be $2,800. Therefore, the overall payback is
approximately 2.28 years.
9. Insulating Floor Space: Insulating the floor space below the kitchen and areas
non-insulated or heated basement spaces will reduce heat loss to a cooler
basement space or ambient outdoor areas. The estimated savings in fuel oil
for this work is 1,125 liters of fuel or cost savings of $957 per year. The
estimated cost of insulating below the floor space and the header space is
estimated to be $2,000. Therefore, the overall payback is approximately 2
years.
Library Alternative Fuel Retrofit Opportunity
10. Heat Pump System - Air Source Heat Pump: An air source heat pump can
provide up to 75% -80% of a building's heating requirements seasonally as
well as provide cooling for the summer period. The existing library building
uses a hot air furnace with distribution ducting already in place therefore a
heat pump air coil could be added to the existing system. A split system heat
pump installed outside of the building could be configured to blend in with its
historical setting. A standard heat pump is however still not able to efficiently
obtain heat from outdoor air at less than -8 degrees C. Therefore, the existing
oil fired hot air system is needed as a reliable backup system for extremely
cold days and for periods of time when the heat pump may be defrosting. The
typical COP (coefficient of performance) for an air source heat pump is
approximately 2.5:1 (One unit of electrical energy in will provide 2.5 times
the heat energy out). The HSPF (heating season performance factor) for
southern Nova Scotia, for an air source heat pump, is approximately 6.5-6.9.
This provides an approximate seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) of
2.3 for the Chester area.
The suggested total size of a heat pump primarily sized for cooling conditions
in the main floor of the library building is a total of 3.75 tons. This size of
heat pump will provide for 75 % of the space heating requirements during the
year however it will consume more expensive electrical energy while
achieving the COP efficiency. The payback for heat pumps is sensitive to the
relative costs between oil and electricity. If oil prices increase, the payback
period will become shorter or as oil prices go lower the payback will increase.
The estimated savings in oil costs less the additional electrical costs, during
the heating season is therefore calculated to be $1,783 per year. The
estimated installed cost of heat pumps is $11,000. Therefore the payback is
expected to be 6.17 years for oil at $0.85 per liter or 4.37 years for oil at $1.00
per liter years.
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4.4 Kaiser Meadows Solid Waste Site Buildings - Administration Building
Description of Solid Waste Administration Building
The Kaiser Meadow landfill office is a new (1-2 years old), single story plus
basement rectangular building located at the landfill site entrance across from the
scale house. The upper floor contains reception area office, meeting room, and
lunchroom facility. The basement of the building contains a shower and locker
room as well as storage space. The occupied area of the building is approximately
70m2 upstairs and similar area in the basement.
The electric service for this is an overhead, single-phase 240/120 volt 200 amp
service. The lighting system is typically via ceiling surface mounted fluorescent
fixtures. The typical fixture is a 2 tube, 48" fixture with T-12 lamps. Exit lights
are incandescent amps. The estimated lighting load is 2,000 watts for both floors.
Space heating for the building is via electric baseboard heaters and air
conditioning is provided via four wall-mounted, split style air conditioner
systems. The building has a "Venmar" heat recovery ventilator system. The
basement walls are un-insulated. An electric hot water storage tank provides
domestic hot water.
The scale house is a single story building with a 1 m crawl space. The building is
approximately 6m x 4.5m and is also electrically heated and has an air
conditioning system split unit. The lights are surface mounted 2 tube fixtures
with t-12 lamps. The approximate lighting load is 500 watts. The scale house has
a 15-gallon DHW heater.
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Landfill Office Building Housekeeping Opportunities
1. Cleaning & Re-lamping Light Fixtures: Original light fixture lighting levels
depreciate over time. Cleaning and re-lamping when necessary of existing
lighting systems can improve lighting output 10-20%. Where more light is
needed, this will be an immediate improvement and where more lighting is
not needed, fixtures may be switched off or individual lamps can be removed.
The estimated cost of cleaning reflective surfaces and replacing lamps in the
landfill office building is $100 and should be done every 2 years. The
resulting in potential savings assuming 15% of 2.0 kW of lighting in operation
for 2,000 hours per year equals about $70 annual in electrical cost savings and
therefore represents a 2-year payback
Municipal Administration Building Minor Maintenance Opportunities
2. Reduce Lighting Load: Upgrading lighting controls from switches to
occupancy sensors for areas such as washrooms, entry areas, service spaces in
the basement or spaces infrequently used with occupancy sensors can reduce
the amount of time lights are on. Outdoor lights can also have timers and/or
daylight sensing controls. These types of controls can provide savings of 10-
30% of lighting costs in their respective areas. Assuming there is the potential
to control 1000 watts (or 1.0 kW) of lighting, this represents a potential
savings of $52 per year. The cost of installing advanced lighting controls is
approximately $400 for each light switch. Assuming 4 locations, costs are
$400. Therefore the simple payback is about 7 years.
3. Heating Controls Upgrade: The energy used for space heating of spaces such
entry foyers, office area, utility spaces administrative space that is not used,
can be reduced when they are not occupied. The existing controls for the
building consist of several individual electrical line thermostats, assuming
potentially two or more programmable thermostats may be installed.
Replacing these manual thermostats with programmable thermostats and
contactors may save approximately 5% -15% of space heating costs over the
heating season. The cost of programmable thermostats is $150 installed.
Therefore, for 2 installations the estimated cost is $300. The estimated
energy savings at 10% consumption reduction is calculated as $338 per year
or approximately a 0.8 -year payback.
Solid Waste Office Building Retrofit Opportunities
4. More Efficient Lighting. The existing lighting system can be upgraded to
more efficient lighting fixtures thereby reducing electrical losses and reducing
heat gain in the cooling season. The proposed project is to change out all
existing T12 fluorescent fixtures, to more efficient T8 or T5 fluorescent
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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fixtures with electronic ballasts. There are a few incandescent fixtures on both
floors that can easily be changed to compact fluorescent fixtures. Electronic
ballasts have the capability to be dimmable and may be suitable in the council
chambers or meeting rooms or potentially for upstairs offices such as public
works where daylight harvesting features can be added.
The anticipated savings are 30% of the existing 2000 watts currently
consumed by the existing lighting system. The total savings are therefore 0.6
kW over an average of 2,000 hours. The savings are $156.00 dollars per year.
The retrofit cost of a light fixture is approximately $100-150 per fixture for a
fluorescent fixture and $5 for a compact fluorescent. The total installed cost
of replacement fixtures is estimated to be $2,700. The expected payback for
this type of upgrade is therefore about 17 years. NSPI and Conserve Nova
Scotia have a current lighting "Small Business Direct Install lighting
Program" retrofit program underway that will improve this payback to about
2-4 years.
5. Exit Light Upgrades: Replacement of exit light lamps with newer, low power
LED style lamps. Estimated replacement cost for each exit light lamp
installed is $50 each. Exit lights may not be required for this building and
could be removed. There are approximately 4 fixtures installed for a total cost
of $200. These light fixtures are normally constantly energized. The typical
existing 50-watt incandescent lamp consumes 8,760 hours x 60 watts or
approximately $227 per year. Therefore, a 10-watt LCD type lamp will save
approximately $180 per year. The calculated pay back is therefore 1.1 years.
Refer to Conserve Nova Scotia's lighting upgrade program, which provides
incentives for these types of upgrades as well.
6. Reduce Domestic Water Heater Losses: Due to infrequent, but periodic,
demand for domestic hot water, consider a demand type (tank-less electric)
rather than an electric or indirect storage tank water heater. An "on-demand"
water heater can save up to 3%-5% of hot water storage tank radiation heat
losses as well as the copper pipe distribution losses particularly in a basement
location. The savings in hot water heating cost for a 3 kW water heater are
approximately 3 kW x 3% x 8,670 hours x $.13 /kWhr = $102 per year. The
cost of an on-demand heater is $600. Therefore, the payback is 6.00 years.
Landfill Office Alternative Fuel Retrofit Opportunity
7. Heat Pump System - Air Source Heat Pump: The upper floor has several split
system air conditioners. An air source heat pump which costs only 10-15%
more than an air conditioner can also provide up to 75% -80% of a building's
heating requirements seasonally. A standard heat pump is however still not
able to efficiently obtain heat from outdoor air at less than -8 degrees C.
Therefore, the existing baseboard electric space heating system is needed as a
reliable back up system for extremely cold days and for periods of time when
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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the heat pump may be defrosting. The typical COP (coefficient of
performance) for an air source heat pump is approximately 2.5:1 (One unit of
electrical energy in will provide 2.5 times the heat energy out). The HSPF
(heating season performance factor) for southern Nova Scotia, for air source
heat pump, is approximately 6.5-6.9. This provides an approximate seasonal
coefficient of performance (SCOP) of 2.3 for the Chester area.
The suggested total size of a heat pump primarily sized for cooling conditions
in the upper floor of the landfill administration building is a total of 4-6 tons.
This may be best achieved as existing systems; three 1 -2 ton split systems.
The estimated cost of heat pumps is $9,000. The existing air conditioning
systems could also be upgraded when due for replacement to new heat pumps.
This size of heat pump will provide for 75 % of the space heating
requirements during the year. The estimated savings during the heating
season are therefore $2,149 per year. Therefore, the payback is expected to be
4.6 years.
8. Solar Lighting /Daylight Harvesting: The municipal planning building is
typically occupied during daylight hours. The roof is oriented north and
south. A roof monitor in the form of a dormer may be used to capture natural
daylight and have it be diffused through diffuser panels for a large part of the
day. Another opportunity is to utilize a solar powered "Sun Tracker" light
fixture or light pipes to provide natural day lighting during office hours.
Perhaps the existing skylights can be replaced with a solar tracker. This light
source in combination with new automatically controlled (daylight harvesting)
lighting fixtures is a beneficial combination. The sun tracker device uses a
motorized solar powered, reflective surface inside a sealed skylight to direct
diffused natural light into a building interior space. The reflector optimizes
the amount of light by following the angle of the sun. This fixture has the
capacity of replacing up to 8 -10 regular light fixtures. When the daylight is
unavailable, the electronically controlled fixtures automatically sense this and
brighten. The upper foyer area of the administration building is a good
application for this fixture. The estimated cost of the fixture including
installation is $3,000. The estimated electrical savings is 2,000 hours x 80% x
800 w = $166 annually in savings. Therefore, with a 25% solar rebate, the
expected payback is 12 years.
9. Reduce Basement Heat Loss: The basement walls in the ground floor are not
insulated except for a portion used as a locker room. There is some insulation
in the header space above concrete walls. The ceiling space in the basement is
not insulated. Therefore, the temperature differential between basement and
ground is assumed to be 15 degrees C. Installing 150mm of foam or
fiberglass batt along the basement walls will reduce the heat loss by 29,000
MJ or a cost savings of $1,000 annually. The estimated cost to insulate
basement walls is $2,500; therefore the overall payback is approximately 2.5
years.
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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4.5 Kaiser Meadows Solid Waste Site Buildings - Maintenance Building
Description of Solid Waste Landfill Maintenance Building
The existing landfill maintenance shop building was enclosed with a new
building, built completely around it. The new structure is now approximately
25m x 25m or total enclosed area 625 m2. This building has a 6 m high ceiling. It
is a single story steel frame structure on a concrete slab. The walls and roof
panels are steel insulated double layer (inner and outer steel with internal
insulation) walls and roof. The roof is low slope, with open web steel roof joists;
the roof panels have internal (4'') 100 mm insulation. The three new and one
original, overhead equipment doors into the shop area, are insulated doors. Two
rows of natural lighting translucent panels are installed approximately 4m high
along the two side walls of the building.
The building's electrical system is a 200 amp, single-phase 240/120-volt system.
The building lighting is via high bay HID metal halide 250-watt lights. There are
approximately 28 fixtures. Other building electrical loads are shown in the
following table:
Table 6-1 maintenance building loads
Electrical Load Calculation
Description of Load
Quantity
Watts
Subtotal
Lighting System
28
300.00
8,400.00
Water heater
1
3,000.00
3,000.00
Kitchen Equipment
1
6,000.00
6,000.00
Oil heater
3
400.00
1,200.00
Welder
1
3,000.00
3,000.00
Air compressor
1
5,000.00
5,000.00
Water pump
1
600.00
600.00
Misc lights
1
1,200.00
1,200.00
Door operators
3
600.00
1,800.00
Total
Watts
30,200.00
Total
kW
30.20
The building's space heating is provided by three overhead linear horizontal tube,
oil fired linear radiant heaters. A 4,000-liter outdoor oil tank provides fuel for the
space heating. A single electric water heater storage tank provides hot water.
Solid Waste Landfill Maintenance Building Housekeeping Opportunities
1. Cleaning & Re-lamping Light Fixtures: Original light fixture lighting levels
depreciate over time. Cleaning and re-lamping when necessary of existing
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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lighting systems can improve lighting output 10-20%. Where more light is
needed, this will be an immediate improvement and where more lighting is
not needed, fixtures may be switched off or lamps removed. The estimated
cost of cleaning reflective surfaces and replacing lamps in the landfill
maintenance building is fixtures is $400 and should be done every 2 years.
The resulting improvement in lighting provides potential savings assuming
15% of 7 kW of lighting in operation for 2,000 hours per year equals about
$273 annually in electrical cost savings and therefore represents a 1.5-year
payback
Solid Waste Landfill Maintenance Building Minor Maintenance Opportunities
2. Reduce Lighting Load: Upgrading lighting controls from switches to
occupancy sensors for areas such as washrooms, entry areas, shop service
spaces or spaces infrequently used with occupancy sensors can reduce the
amount of time lights are on. Outdoor lights can also have timers and/or
daylight sensing controls. These types of controls can provide savings of 10-
30% of lighting costs in their respective areas. Assuming there is the potential
to control 7000 watts (or 7.0 kW) of lighting, this represents a potential
savings of $364 per year. The cost of installing advanced lighting controls is
approximately $400 for each light switch, assuming 4 locations costs are
$400. Therefore the simple payback is about 1 year.
3. Heating Controls Upgrade: The energy used for space heating of spaces such
shop bays, office areas, utility spaces, and administrative space that is not
used, can automatically be reduced when they are not occupied. The existing
controls for the maintenance building consist of several individual
thermostats. Assume that three thermostats are installed. Replacing these
manual thermostats with a programmable thermostat configured to
automatically reduce heating requirements during nights and weekends save
approximately 5% -15% of space heating costs over the heating season. The
cost of programmable thermostats is $150 installed therefore for 3
installations the estimated cost is $450. The estimated energy savings at 10%
consumption reduction is calculated as $1,071 per year for approximately a
0.4-year payback.
Solid Waste Landfill Maintenance Building Retrofit Opportunities
4. Reduce Domestic Water Heater Losses: Due to infrequent but periodic
demand for domestic hot water, consider a demand type (tank-less electric)
rather than an electric or indirect storage tank water heater. An "on-demand"
water heater can save up to 3%-5% of hot water storage tank radiation heat
losses as well as the copper pipe distribution losses particularly in a basement
location. The savings in hot water heating cost for a 3 kW water heater are
approximately 3 kW x 3% x 8,670 hours x $.13 /kWhr = $102 per year. The
cost of an on-demand heater is $600. Therefore, the payback is 6.00 years.
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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5. More Efficient Lighting. The existing high bay HID lighting system is new,
however it can be improved in efficiency with high bay fluorescent fixtures
with electronic ballasts. The proposed project is to change out all existing
T12 fluorescent fixtures, to more efficient T8 or T5 fluorescent fixtures with
electronic ballasts. Electronic ballasts have the capability to be dimmable and
may be suitable where daylight harvesting features can be added.
The anticipated savings are 20% of the existing 8,400 watts currently
consumed by the existing lighting system. The total savings are therefore 1.68
kW over an average of 2,000 hours. The savings are $436 dollars per year.
The retrofit cost of a light fixture is approximately $250 per fixture for a
fluorescent fixture and $5 for a compact fluorescent. The total installed cost
of replacement fixtures is estimated to be $7,000. The expected payback for
this type of upgrade is therefore about 16 years. NSPI and Conserve Nova
Scotia have a current lighting retrofit program ("Small Business Direct Install
lighting Program") underway that will improve this payback to about 2-4
years.
6. Solar Lighting /Daylight Harvesting: The maintenance building is typically
occupied during daylight hours only. The roof has a low slope and is oriented
north and south. A roof monitor in the form of a dormer may be used to
capture natural daylight and diffused through diffuser panels for a large part of
the day. Another opportunity is to utilize a solar powered "Sun Tracker" light
fixture or light pipes to provide natural day lighting during office hours.
Perhaps the existing skylights can be replaced with a solar tracker. This light
source, in combination with new automatically controlled (daylight
harvesting) lighting fixtures, is a beneficial combination. The sun tracker
device uses a motorized solar powered, reflective surface inside a sealed
skylight to direct diffused natural light into a building interior space. The
reflector optimizes the amount of light by following the angle of the sun. This
fixture has the capacity of replacing up to 8 -10 regular light fixtures. When
the daylight is unavailable the electronically controlled fixtures automatically
sense this and brighten. The estimated cost of the fixture including
installation is $3,000. The estimated electrical savings is 2,000 hours x 80% x
800 w = $166 annually. Therefore with a 25% solar rebate the expected
payback is 12 years.
7. Add Destratification Fans To Ceiling: The temperature at the ceiling of the
shop is 3-5 degrees warmer than the working level due to the height of the
shop. Adding destratification fans will save 5% of the heating costs. In
summer these fans can be reversed providing cooler air at working levels. The
estimated cost of installing 4 fans is $6,000 the savings of is 535 liters of oil
or a cost of $455 per year and therefore simple payback is 11 years.
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5. Vehicles & Fleet Systems
The Municipality of the District of Chester's vehicle fleet is made up of heavy
vehicles used for solid waste collection and landfill operation. Public Works and
Administration departments also use light utility and passenger vehicles. The
heavy-duty vehicles generally consume diesel fuel while the light vehicles
consume gasoline fuel.
The heavy vehicle fuel supply for the landfill is via bulk diesel fuel, from a 4,000-
liter tank located at the landfill site. Light vehicle fuel is typically supplied via
commercial gasoline sales sites and billed to the Municipality. Individual vehicle
fuel consumption and distance traveled or hours operated per vehicle are not
currently recorded. The total diesel and gasoline fuels consumed have been
reported in the GHG inventory report.
The solid waste collection transportation is sub-contracted to G.E. trucking out of
Bridgewater. The recyclables are sorted at the source and, at a designated area
within the solid waste-handling site at Kaiser Meadow Road, it is collected and
transported at Kentville for further processing. The majority of the diesel fuel
(98,935 liters) is used by the landfill site's heavy equipment and the solid waste
collection trucks use an additional 74,466 liters. The public works trucks used
11,457 liters of gasoline.
Fleet Energy Analysis
The energy inventory report spreadsheet indicates total diesel consumption
mainly by the heavy vehicles in was 74533 liters for solid waste collection and
98,935 liters at the land fill site for a total of 173,469 liters of diesel fuel over the
2006 period. The energy consumption is therefore equal to 3,826 GJ for the
landfill equipment and 2,879 GJ for the solid waste collection vehicles. The
consumption of gasoline for light vehicles over the same period was reported to
be 11,457 liters, or an equivalent energy value of 414.76 GJ.
This annual vehicle fuel consumption represents a total of 7,120 GJ of energy.
The total green house gases produced by heavy and light vehicles are calculated
as 495.6 Tonnes of CO2e.
Fleet and Transportation Opportunities
Rationalization of vehicle use continues to be important now with future
anticipated fuel cost increases. Opportunities to rationalize transportation and
fleet assets may be achieved by utilizing one or more of the following approaches.
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1. The first approach is to consider reduction in travel of discretionary
vehicles travel by: incorporating a travel plan, providing a logistical
review of transportation requirements, tracking of transportation metrics,
optimize service delivery with less travel, use remote communications,
incorporate tele-working and telecommuting where possible, and use
modern communications devices and remote sensing devices to reduce the
frequency of inspections.
2. The second approach is to improve fuel efficiency of existing or future
planned vehicles by optimizing the vehicle size to anticipated use.
Purchase new vehicles with fuel saving options. Consider options for
existing vehicles.
3. A third approach is to improve performance of existing vehicles and
drivers with training and equipment to optimize fuel-efficient practices.
Implement a reduced idling policy.
4. Utilize alternative fuels other than gasoline or diesel for transportation.
5. Recover waste fuels and vehicle liquid and solid wastes.
Fleet Housekeeping Opportunities
1. Routine Maintenance: Regular routine maintenance on vehicles has a direct
impact on vehicle fuel and operational efficiency. Oil changes, filter
replacement, tire inflation all have a measurable impact on fuel efficiency.
The total annual cost of both diesel and gasoline fuel is approximately
$81,000. Literature indicates that up to10% efficiency improvement may be
obtained by regular maintenance of fleet vehicles. Assuming 5% efficiency
improvement with regular maintenance and savings of $4,075 per year. This
project also requires continuous investment for the long-term condition of
vehicle fleet. A specific payback is difficult to calculate based on other
vehicle servicing requirements. The annual investment is however assumed to
be $5000 or 1 year payback. The recently improved maintenance shop at the
landfill site will help with providing regular maintenance.
2. Measure and Monitor Transportation Data: Monitor and measure
transportation statistics noting those measurements that are trending outside of
set targets. Particularly the heavy fuel consuming vehicles such as at the
landfill site. Individual vehicle fuel consumption, mileage or operating hours
and maintenance records provide indication of trends and deviations from
trends. It can be assumed that the tracking individual fleet vehicle usage,
maintenance and operating costs' usage patterns will help select the correct
vehicles for the job and help to decide on future maintenance. If the actual
cost to collect this information annually is $2,000 per year and can provide a
The District of Chester ecoNova Scotia - Municipal Energy Audit
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savings of 3 % of the operating cost, the savings are $2,500 per year. This
project has an equivalent 1-year payback but requires annual investment.
3. Rationalize Travel: Consider if travel is necessary for routine trips or if other
means be used to obtain information or provide the service. Can telephone,
email, faxing be used for information delivery. For employees, consider
telecommuting, remote communication, and remote monitoring systems such
as SCADA systems to reduce the amount of discretionary travel.
4. Rationalize the Correct Vehicle Is Used For The Job: Are more fuel-efficient
vehicles suitable for the task rather than a heavy, less fuel-efficient vehicle?
Are the vehicles configured correctly with the lightest acceptable equipment
for the job?
Fleet Minor Maintenance Or Operational Opportunities
5. No Idling Policy: Implement a no-idling policy for both light and heavy-duty
vehicles. Idling vehicles just to maintain cab comfort of engine oil
temperature may be done by more efficient means.
6. Vehicle Cab Heating: For heavy vehicles, provide a separate electric or
alternative fuel cab heaters rather than using vehicle engine idling to maintain
cab comfort and engine starting temperature. Ensure that during cold weather
use sufficient block heaters and receptacles are available to avoid warm-up
and idling during breaks or lunch hours.
7. Block Heaters: For light vehicles, during cold weather, rather than running the
vehicle's engine, provide electrical receptacles for vehicle block heaters and
cab heaters control equipment operating times.
8. Smart Fleet Program: Implement programs such as NRC's (Natural
Resources Canada's) "Fleet -Smart" program for awareness of transportation
issues as well as a source of driver/operator training programs where impacts
of vehicle speed, braking and operations are considered.
Fleet Retrofit Opportunities
9. Remote Monitoring with Camera: Modern internet and wireless internet
cameras can allow an operator to view and control a pan, tilt and zoom camera
via the internet that will allow site inspection and general monitoring of
remote indoor or outdoor assets. This type of technology can save travel time
and costs. The cost of a single fully featured camera is approximately $2,500.
The anticipated savings of reducing travel to a particular site such as a well
pumping station or park security for monitoring or information gathering
purposes by 50% is estimated at 50 trips x $10 in fuel = $500 annually. The
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simple payback on a single site is 5 years. For example, web or cellular based
cameras may be installed at pumping stations or remote facilities along with
data to retrieve status of remote sited. The estimated cost of a remote site
station is $ 6,000. The annual cost to travel to a site on a period basis
assuming the cost of travel is $25 is listed below:
Daily visit
$ 9,125.00
Weekly visit
$ 1,300.00
Monthly visit
$ 300.00
Assuming weekly visits can be eliminated by remote monitoring, the payback
is approximately 4.6 years.
10. Alternative Fuel: When natural gas becomes available to the Municipality of
the District of Chester, the gas may be compressed into fuel ready bottles for
use on gasoline or diesel vehicles. The cost to convert a current vehicle is
about $3,000. Natural gas fuel creates less GHG emissions when consumed
and cost quite competitive with gasoline. For vehicles that travel only within
a limited area and can return for regular refueling, compressed natural gas
may be worth considering.
11. Compactor or Baler: Solid waste collection trucks are likely equipped with
compacting equipment to provide more volume for solid waste materials.
Similarly recyclable materials collected at a transfer station can be compacted
or baled to provide for more efficient transportation from landfill site to
Kentville. The estimated cost of a baler is $20,000 and can reduce frequency
of travel by 50%. The savings are estimated to be about $15,000 per year or
an annual payback of 1.33 years.
6. Street & Area Lights
The Municipality of the District of Chester has several non-metered streetlight
accounts. NSPI installs and maintains the fixtures as well as provides energy for
the lights within this rate and bills on a fixed monthly rate. Approximately 50-
60% of the NSPI un-metered cost is for rental of the streetlights. The balance of
the monthly cost is for the consumed energy.
The main type of streetlight installed and reported by the GHG inventory for 2006
are low wattage high-pressure sodium fixtures. There are 772 of these fixtures
installed by NSPI and billed under a non-metered rate. High-pressure sodium
fixtures are among the most efficient fixtures however they provide an amber
coloured monochrome light. There is one metal additive fixture installed, as well
as 11 low wattage mercury vapor, and 2 high wattage high-pressure sodium area
lights fixtures. The calculated energy consumed for these fixtures over the 2006-
year period was 575,172 kWhr or an equivalent energy consumption of 2,071 GJ.
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There are no areas in the Municipality of the District of Chester where streetlights
are intended to be on constantly during the day or where high colour rendition
(ability to distinguish colour) is required. Therefore, high-efficiency, high or low
pressure sodium (yellow) lights each with a photo eye controller should typically
be used.
The assumed electrical energy and maintenance costs over the 2006 period were
$170,700 and the average annual energy cost is $57,517. A portion of the non-
metered rate cost is used for the rental and maintenance fee of the fixtures.
The total green house gases produced annually by street light energy use are
calculated as 499 Tonnes of CO2e.
Street Lighting Opportunities
1. Review of Street Light Usage: Complete a review or study on street light
applications to determine the following analysis to help rationalize existing or
future street light use.
a. Are any lights required for high color rendition? If not remain with
existing efficient high-pressure sodium or more efficient low-pressure
sodium fixtures.
b. Ensure that all fixtures are working despite the fact that it is NSPI's
responsibility that they are not on during day and photo controls are
working.
c. Ensure that the fixtures are all used for town purposes such as security and
traffic safety rather than individual property users.
d. Have the lighting needs changed as roads and building facilities been
added or removed?
e. Traffic safety review, can fewer lights are used?
It is assumed that optimizing streetlights can save approximately 10% of the
energy and operating cost of streetlights, or $17,700 per year. The cost of a
street light study is estimated to be approximately $12,000 this opportunity
has a payback of 0.7 years.
2. Install Area Lights on Buildings Rather Than Poles (Non-Metered Accounts):
For street light fixtures that are within 50 meters (150 feet) of an existing
building with an electrical service, install a fixture on the building rather than
on an un-metered service rather than non-meters service. For example, at the
landfill site near the newly expanded maintenance building there is a non-
metered 400-watt fixture illuminating the building and area. These fixtures
could be fed from the building's power supply and controlled to meet the
building requirements such as security lighting. The installed cost of a typical
fixture is approximately $500. The energy cost is approximately $150 per
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year. The rental cost of the fixture is approximately twice the energy rate.
Therefore, savings in the rental rate equate to a payback of approximately 3.5
years plus a maintenance overhead cost.
3. Reduced Energy Use for Area Lights: For building or security lighting
applications owned by the municipality, occupancy sensors or timers should
be installed used to illuminate areas only while there is activity or occupancy.
For example, lighting for parks and parking lots can be placed on a timer
controller or contactor and turned off after a certain time. Some lights are
seasonal and may be turned off during the off-season. These fixtures can be
installed at the building and placed on the buildings meter. For example a
400-watt floodlight at the maintenance building is placed on an occupancy
sensor. The cost of operating this fixture is $75 per year and the cost to add a
controller to the fixture is approximately $200 assuming that the fixture is on
the building's power supply. The savings are approximately $75 per year.
This provides a payback of 2.6 years.
7. Water Supply & Waste Water Treatment System
Water Supply Systems
The Municipality of the District of Chester has only a single water treatment plant
and supply system considered in this report, which it operates at Mill Cove, a
former Military site. It also services the users at that site. The Mill cove water
source is from wells using submersible pumps to a storage tank. Water from the
storage tank is treated with Sodium Hypochlorite and pressure boosted with two
7.5 HP pumps. The pressure is controlled via a pressure control valve bypassing
back to the supply.
See table 7.1 for the energy consumption and analysis of the Mill Cove water
treatment plant.
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Waste Water Treatment Systems
A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is also located at Mill Cove. This plant
includes an extended aerated chamber. There are two blowers; one 7.0 HP
Aerazen model and a 5.0 HP roots blower. The blowers are operated manually.
The treatment building contains electric heat. See table 7.1 for the energy
consumption and analysis by Mill Cove's plant. The Mill Cove wastewater
treatment plant consumed 48,280 kWhr of energy plant.
The largest wastewater treatment plant is the village of Chester's STP plant. This
plant is located in the village of Chester adjacent to Nauss's Point Road. The
facility is an aerated channel with filter and sludge removal and a dewatering
tank. Dewatered sludge is removed from the plant and further processed at the
landfill site.
The electrical system for the process is a 3 phase 100 amp, 600-volt service, and a
15 KVA transformer. A maintenance and storage building is located on site with
approximate area of 50 m2 upstairs and similar downstairs. The downstairs is used
as a shop.
There are two rotary lobe blowers, assumed to be 10 Hp as well as four propeller
aerators 5 hp each and two submersible pumps at the site.
The waster water treatment plant is supplied by a series of sewage lift stations.
Smaller wastewater treatment plants and sewage lift stations are located in
Western Shore, Chester Basin, New Ross and Chester Acres.
The water supply pumps and the water treatment plant consume the following
quantity kWhr of electrical power. See table 7.1 below for breakdown among
assets:
Table 7.1: Water &Wastewater Energy Consumption
Facility or Facility
Group Name
Total Use
(kWh)
Cost ($) at
$0.11 per
kWhr
Total
Energy (GJ)
Total eCO2
(tonne)
Mill Cove WTP
93,550.00
$ 9,355.00
336.87
81.39
Chester WWTP
354,775.00
$ 35,477.50
1,277.55
308.65
Western Shore WWTP
97,315.00
$ 9,731.50
350.43
84.66
Chester Basin WWTP
2,665.00
$ 266.50
9.60
2.32
New Ross WWTP
2,980.00
$ 298.00
10.73
2.59
Chester Acres WWTP
1,785.00
$ 178.50
6.43
1.55
Mill Cove WWTP
48,280.00
$ 4,828.00
173.86
42.00
Totals
507,800.00
$ 50,780.00
1,828.59
441.79
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Water and Waste Water System Energy Analysis
The total cost of energy for the water treatment plant is therefore calculated to be
$39,862 and the treatment plant represents $36,807 of that amount. The total cost
of energy for the wastewater system is $28, 348 and the waste treatment plants
represent $21,283 of that amount. The total green house gases produced annually
by energy use by water and wastewater systems are calculated as 441.07 Tonnes
of eCO2.
Water and Waste Water System Opportunities
1. General Power Factor Correction: The water and the wastewater treatment
plants with larger integral (5hp and up) electrical motors typically have an
electrical service, with 3 phase, 600 volt power. The electrical service billing
for these sites is typically on a general electrical rate code with a demand
component in the electrical power bill. The demand component of the
electrical billing includes KVA demand, which increases (increases electrical
cost) as the power factor decreases. A suitably sized power factor correction
capacitor can be installed for each integral hp (5hp and larger) motor to
provide the reactive or magnetic power currently supplied from the utility, and
therefore reduces the demand billing factor cost. The typical power factor of a
motor is .85 and changes with motor loading and motor style.
This demand control opportunity does reduce electrical billing costs, but does
not reduce overall consumption or green house gas emissions. Capacitors are
best applied to motors that operate over longer periods of time (greater than
4,000 hours per year). Table 7.2 lists potential motors for consideration.
Table 7.2 Power factor Correction Motors
Plant
Motor QTY
Hp
Total Cap
Kvar
Mill Cove WTP
2.00
15.00
6.00
Chester WWTP
8.00
50.00
20.00
Western Shore WWTP
2.00
10.00
4.00
Chester Basin WWTP
N/A
New Ross WWTP
N/A
Chester Acres WWTP
N/A
Mill Cove WWTP
2.00
20.00
8.00
Total
14.00
95.00
38.00
The estimated cost of capacitors proposed in table 7.2 is $10,000 installed at
the motor starter with a disconnect switch. The estimated savings are
approximately 5% of the consumed power. The savings are therefore $2,500
annually. This represents approximately a 4-year pay back.
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2. Electric Motor Efficiency: In general, electrical motors have a standard
efficiency of between 87-91%: premium efficiency motors if available in a
suitable configuration can achieve efficiency of 93-96%. Rewound motors
typically have an efficiency rating of 85-88 %. An efficiency improvement of
3% of a motor that runs for more than 50% of the time or more than 4,000
hours per year will have an attractive payback of less than 5 years. The
efficiency of the existing motors should be compared to the premium style of
replacement when new motors are considered for replacement or repair. The
estimated cost of replacing an existing pump with a premium efficiency pump
is typically 150% of the standard cost. For motors under 10 HP, it is not
considered cost effective to rewind them. Where a rewound motor is used on
an application that runs more than 4,000 hours per year (50% of the time), the
payback to replace this motor is less than 5 years. Assuming that 50% of the
water and wastewater treatment plant motors are eventually upgraded to high
efficiency, the typical savings are 1.5 percent of electrical operating costs or
$761 per year. The anticipated high efficiency option upgrade cost for 50% of
the motors (when replacement is necessary) is estimated to be $4,000. The
payback for this type of project is therefore 5.25 years.
Wastewater System Opportunities
3. Reduce Blower Operation in WWT Plant: The largest energy usage in sewage
treatment plants is the operation of the aeration blowers. In the Chester
sewage treatment plant at least one 10HP blower is operating continuously to
provide oxygen to the lagoon. By monitoring the O2 level in the lagoon, the
correct amount of air can be added with out excessive running of the aeration
blowers. Assuming the costs of a DO monitoring system, a control system,
and a variable speed drive are approximately $7,000, it is expected that the
blower speed can be reduced 10-15%, reducing the energy cost of the blower
motors by 25%. Therefore savings result in $1,950 per year. Therefore, the
payback is 3.6 years.
4. Utilize High Efficiency Drive Belts: The drive belts for each of the blowers
appear to be a solid belt. Utilizing a notched higher efficiency drive belt can
save approximately 5 % of the motor capacity. The cost of the belts and
sheaves is approximately $400 each. Assume $1200 for all plants and the
savings expected is $800 per year. Therefore, the payback for this project is
less than 1.5 years.
5. Install VSD for WTP Pressure Control. The Mill Cove water supply station is
reported to have two 7 HP pumps that alternate and provide water pressure to
the distribution system. The pumps are fixed speed and a control valve
maintains downstream pressure at a set point via throttling a pressure control
valve as well as a bypass control valve. A variable speed drive on the pumps
can provide the pressure control and save pump motor energy. A 15%
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reduction in pump speed can save 40% of the pumps motor power. The
calculated savings in electrical cost are $1,900 annually. The cost of a
variable speed drive is estimated to be $3,000 and the payback is 1.5 years.
8. Solid Waste Handling Systems
Solid Waste Collection
The Municipality of the District of Chester collects corporate and serviced
community solid waste via a sub contractor. Solid wastes are transported to the
solid waste facility located at Kaizer Meadow Road. Recyclables and
compostable material are also collected by the contractor or may be delivered to
the site.
For energy analysis, the site consists of the three buildings and two process areas.
The buildings are described in the building asset sections 4.4 and 4.5 of this
report.
Leachate Treatment Process
The leachate collection system blower building and treatment system has a blower
building for the aeration lagoons. Two "Aerazen" blowers are located in a small
building. The building electrical power service is a 200-amp phase 600-volt
system. Also located inside is a 30 KVA transformer. The two blower motors are
STD efficiency 20 hp motors each driving an Airmen Blower. A variable speed
drive system is alternated in for each blower's control system. It is understood
that the blower control system is sequences via a timing control circuit. Lighting
in the building uses newer T-8 fluorescent fixtures. There is a 600-volt, 3-phase
unit heater.
The leachate treatment plant consists of a small building containing process
equipment including an electrical room, 60 H air compressor leachate discharge
pump and pressure control system as well as a leachate disinfection UV system,
additive tanks and a small control room. A 5HP instrument air compressor and
instrument air dryer are also located in theist building. The lighting in this
building is via fluorescent T-8 fixtures.
The leachate process building takes treated leachate and pumps effluent to the
spray tower along with atomizing air and spread on the surface. The leachate
process building uses fluorescent lighting. The power supply is a 3-phase 600 volt
400 amp system. Large loads include:
Field Pump
40 kW
Air Compressor
50 kW
Instrument air
5 kW
Instrument dryer
3 kW
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UV Disinfection System
5 kW
Lighting
1 kW
Transformer
30 KVA
Chemical Pumps
1 kW
Water heater
3 kW
Total Electrical Load
138 kW
8.1 Energy Opportunities for Waste
1. Typical opportunities for solid wastes are to capture methane produced from
the landfill and use the methane to produce heat and electrical power
generation. This is only practical in a large waste facility such as the
Guysborough facility.
2. The transport of recyclables can be reduced by compacting paper and plastic
waste into bales and transporting less frequently.
3. An energy recovery analysis and opportunities to reduce consumption study
should be done for the landfill site.
Solid Waste Buildings
The solid waste site, administration building, scale house, and maintenance
buildings are described in the buildings section of this report.
8.2 Leachate treatment Plant Opportunities
1. Install VSD Rather than Re-Circulation Valve and Pressure Control Valve.
The Leachate discharge pump is a 40 HP pump which pumps leachate to a
spray tower under pressure control. The pressure is controlled via the
throttling of a pressure control valve as well as a bypass control valve. A
variable speed drive on the pump can provide the pressure control and save
pump motor energy a 10% reduction in pump speed can save 20% of the
pump's motor power. The calculated savings in electrical costs are $7,000
annually. The cost of a variable speed drive is estimated to be $12,000 and
the payback is 1.7 years.
2. Review Use of Instrument Air Compressor: The control valve and a few other
actuators utilize instrument air. The use of electric actuators in lace of
compressed air for the few devices will eliminate the compressor and the air
dryer. Other necessary air loads could utilize compressor air with correct
filter regulator. The energy consumed by the instrument air compressor and
dryer assuming they run 30% of the time is equal to 2,000 kWhr. The cost
savings is therefore calculated as $2,049 per year. The estimated cost of
replacement actuators is $2,000. Therefore, the estimated payback is 1 year.
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3. High Efficiency Pump and Blower Motors: The leachate pump runs
constantly and the aeration blower motors each run for periods greater than
4,000 hours per year. The drive motors are standard efficiency and can be
replaced with high efficiency motors gaining about 3 % efficiency. The
electrical savings are 1,000 and the cost to upgrade the motors is typical 150%
of the existing motor. For the leachate pump, this is $2,000. Therefore, the
savings are calculated as $1,060 and the calculated payback is 2.0 years.
Rewound motors should not be used for this service where motors are
expected to run more than 4,000 hours per year.
4. High efficiency Belt Drives: The existing blower motors are belt driven using
conventional v-belts. Improving the belt dive efficiency by installing v-notch
belts or new-toothed belt sheaves and belts can increase efficiency by 4%.
The anticipated run time for each 20 HP blower is 60% of the year. Therefore,
the cost of savings is $300 and the cost of the belt replacement is $800 and the
calculated payback is 3 years.
9. Recommendations
The overall objective of the ecoNova Scotia (Eco-Trust) Program is to reduce
greenhouse gases. There are over 77 opportunities or measures to reduce green
house gases and save energy described in this report. These measures are listed in
three spreadsheets in the Appendix. The first spreadsheet is a summary of the
opportunities arranged as they are described in this report. The second
spreadsheet lists the opportunities sorted according to "category" and to
"payback". This helps to select the implementation priority of the opportunities.
The third spreadsheet is sorted by the selected priority of measures.
In general, it is recommended that all opportunities regardless of category, with a
payback of less than 3 years, be considered as a suitable investment for
implementation in the short or long term. These projects are highlighted with the
"Cyan blue" colour in the reports opportunity spreadsheets.
Project opportunities with larger cost savings and slightly longer payback of 4-8
years are ideal for the second "implementation" phase of the ecoNova Scotia
Program. The cost sharing of this program will improve the project payback, by
50%, and placing the project into a good investment range. These projects are
highlighted with a yellow background in the opportunities list spreadsheet located
in the appendix of this report. Typical recommended projects for the ecoNova
Scotia Program are listed in Table "EcoNova Scotia Program Retrofit
Opportunities" 9-1 below.
Those opportunities identified as "Retrofit" opportunities, are longer term and
are typically larger cost opportunities. All projects with a payback of four years
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and less should be considered as good investment for implementation. The actual
life cycle cost of each of these opportunities should however be analyzed before
starting implementation. Opportunities with a longer payback may be considered
for cost sharing or, if due to special circumstances, where a related activity can
assist with costs, this project should be undertaken. Examples of Retrofit projects
are shown in table 9-2.
Those opportunities under the category of "Minor Maintenance" will require
outside services and have larger budget requirements. Each opportunity in this
category with a payback of less than 4 years is also considered to be a good
investment and should be budgeted for current or future years. The estimated cost
of outside services for this category should be confirmed by quotations prior to
implementation of these projects. Typical minor maintenance projects are listed
below in table 9-3.
Those opportunities identified as "Housekeeping" category opportunities are
easier to implement by current municipal staff since there are minimal materials
or contracted service requirements. Some of these opportunities are periodic and
can be incorporated into operations and maintenance procedures or plans. The
relatively low cost and risk of housekeeping opportunities should not require any
further detailed analysis prior to implementing these measures. See table 9-4 for
typical short-term Housekeeping opportunities.
Table 9-1 ecoNova Scotia Program Typical Projects Recommended For
Phase 2 Implementation
Description of Eco-Trust
Retrofit Opportunity
Report
Item
Capital
Cost
Annual
Savings
Pay-
back
(Years)
Municipal Planning Office -
Insulating Basement Walls
4.2-16
$6,100
$1,650
4
Land Fill Office-Replace Air
Conditioner with Heat Pump
4.4-7
$9,000
$2,149
4.2
Waste Water Plant - Upgrade
Motor to High Efficiency
7-2
$4,000
$761
5.2
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Table 9-2 Typical Retrofit Projects Recommended
Description of Retrofit
Opportunity
Report
Item
Capital
Cost
Annual
Savings
Pay-
back
(Years)
Street Light Usage &
Requirements Study
6-1
$12,000 $17,700
0.7
Waste Water - Upgrade
Drive Belt Efficiency
7-4
$100
$124
0.8
Municipal Administration
Building - Boiler Controls
4.1-8
$1,000
$1,166
0.8
Table 9-3 Typical Minor Maintenance Projects Recommended
Description of
Recommended Minor
Maintenance Opportunity
Report
Item
Capital
Cost
Annual
Savings
Pay-
back
(Years)
Library -Programmable
Thermostats
4.3-2
150
550
0.3
Municipal Administration -
Boiler maintenance
4.1-3
600
700
.77
Landfill maintenance -
Lighting Controls
Occupancy Sensors
4.5-2
400
400
1
Table 9-4 Typical Housekeeping Projects Recommended
Description of
Recommended Minor
Maintenance Opportunity
Report
Item
Capital
Cost
Annual
Savings
Pay-
back
(Years)
Vehicles - Measure and
Monitor Fuel Data -Landfill
5-2
2,000
2500
.8
Municipal Administration
Light Fixture Cleaning Re-
lamping
4.1-2
$300
$327
1
Vehicles - Rationalize
Travel
5-3
N/A
N/A
N/A
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General Recommendations
The opportunity spreadsheet totals the potential cost savings of all projects at
$85,000 per year. However, some of these projects are mutually exclusive where
perhaps only one alternative of several may be chosen. The total green house
gases saved from the opportunities are calculated as 355.9 metric tonnes per year.
The total capital cost of all the projects is $ 213,000.
Vehicles, particularly those that are related with the landfill site, are the highest
energy consumers for the District. Monitoring and logging fuel usage and
operation of each of these vehicles or equipment may lead to optimizing the use
of fuel and reducing costs. Even a 2% improvement in this area annually
represents $4,000 in savings. For the vehicle category, the recommended
opportunity is to consider the NRC fleet smart program and to log the costs of
each vehicle.
Streetlights are the third largest operating cost for the town and it is estimated that
a detailed review of their use and application may reduce the quantity of lights by
10 %. This opportunity has a relatively quick payback.
Similar multiple site items such as upgrading electric hot water storage tanks to
on-demand electric heaters, and light fixture cleaning and re-lamping services are
identified at several building sites. A group purchase of materials and service
contracts may provide a more cost effective project.
The Nova Scotia Provincial organization "Conserve Nova Scotia" in conjunction
with NSPI has a very attractive program for commercial lighting upgrades. This
program improved the relative payback from a typical 8 years to 2 years for
fluorescent lighting upgrades. The direct install lighting program is
recommended for all building assets and may be accessed by contacting Nova
Scotia Power.
10.
Appendix
1. See Opportunity List Spreadsheet arranged as follows:
a. By report section
b. Arranged by category and payback.
c. Arranged by priority
End of Document