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By-law 2006-140 - As Amended
A By-law of The Corporation of the City of
Barrie to prohibit and regulate noise and to
repeal By-law 76-140 and all amendments
thereto.
Disclaimer:
The following consolidation is an electronic reproduction made available
for information only. It is not an official version of the By-law. The format
may be different, and plans, pictures, other graphics or text may be
missing or altered. The City of Barrie does not warrant the accuracy of this
electronic version.
This consolidation cannot be distributed or used for commercial purposes.
It may be used for other purposes, only if this disclaimer is repeated as
well as the notice of copyright.
Official versions of all By-laws can be obtained from the City Clerk's Office
by calling (705) 739-4204.
This By-law printed under and by
the authority of the Council of the
City of Barrie
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
2
BY-LAW NUMBER 2006-140
A By-law of The Corporation of the City of
Barrie to prohibit and regulate noise and to
repeal By-law 76-140 and all amendments
thereto.
WHEREAS Section 8 of the Municipal Act, R.S.O. 2001, S.O. 2001, c. 25 ("the Municipal
Act, 2001"), provides that a municipality has the capacity, rights, powers and privileges of a
natural person for the purpose of exercising its authority under the Act;
AND WHEREAS Section 9 of the Municipal Act, 2001, provides that Sections 8 and 11
shall be interpreted broadly so as to confer broad authority on municipalities to (a) enable
municipalities to govern their affairs as they consider appropriate and, (b) enhance their ability to
respond to municipal issues;
AND WHEREAS Section 11 of the Municipal Act, 2001, provides that a single-tier
municipality may pass by-laws respecting matters within the spheres of jurisdiction set out
therein;
AND WHEREAS By-law 76-140 was passed by the Council of The Corporation of the
City of Barrie on the 25th day of July 1977 and approved by the Ministry of Environment pursuant
to the provisions of the Environmental Protection Act, 1971, as amended on the 18th day of
August 1977;
AND WHEREAS by motion 06-G-243 it is deemed expedient that the Council of The
Corporation of the City of Barrie repeal and replace By-law 76-140 to regulate and control noise;
NOW THEREFORE the Council of The Corporation of the City of Barrie enacts the
following:
1.0.0
TITLE
1.1.0
This By-law shall be referred to as "The Noise Control By-Law".
2.0.0
TECHNICAL TERMS
2.1.0
In this By-Law all words and definitions that are of technical nature and are
related to sound and vibration shall have the meanings specified by the Ministry
of the Environment in Publication NPC-101 - Technical Definitions.
3.0.0
DEFINITIONS
3.1.0
For the purpose of this By-Law,
3.1.1
"Applicant" means a person or persons seeking an exemption of either a
temporary or permanent nature from the provisions and requirements of this By-
law;
3.1.2
"Authorized Emergency Vehicle" means an ambulance, vehicle of the fire
service, vehicle of the municipal, provincial or federal police, armoured cars while
carrying cash or securities, equipment, facilities or vehicles operated by or for a
public utility company while actively engaged in the construction, maintenance or
repair of any highway, and any equipment, facilities or vehicles operated by or for
the City, Bell Canada, Canada Post or the Ministry of Transportation;
3.1.3
"Certificate" means a certificate of Competency in Environmental Acoustics,
Technology of a specified class issued by an accredited program of an Ontario
Community College or other approved agency;
3.1.4
"City Clerk" means the Clerk of The Corporation of the City of Barrie or his
designate;
3.1.5
"City" means The Corporation of the City of Barrie;
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
3
3.1.6
"Construction" means the erection, alteration, repair, dismantling, demolition,
structural maintenance, painting, moving, land clearing, earth moving, grading,
excavating, the laying of pipe and conduit whether above or below ground level,
street and highway building, concreting, equipment installation and alteration and
the structural installation of construction components and materials in any form or
for any purpose, and includes any work in connection therewith;
3.1.7
"Construction Equipment" means any equipment or device designed and
intended for use in construction, or material handling, including but not limited to,
air compressors, pile drivers, pneumatic or hydraulic tools, bulldozers, tractors,
excavators, trenchers, cranes, derricks, loaders, scrapers, pavers, generators, off
highway haulers or trucks, ditchers, compactors and rollers, pumps, concrete
mixers, graders, or other material handling equipment;
3.1.8
"Construction Site" means the area or portion of land used for or under
construction or any other area used for any purpose related to the construction or
for any related purpose;
3.1.9
"Conveyance" means a vehicle and any other device used to transport a person
or persons or goods from place to place but does not include any vehicle or
device operated only within the premises of a person;
3.1.10
"Council" means the Council of The Corporation of the City of Barrie;
3.1.11
"Domestic Animal" means an animal that is housed and fed by a person and
which actually lives in physical proximity to humans, including but not limited to
pets such as dogs, cats and birds, guard animals, food species such as
chickens, etc.;
3.1.12
"Downtown Business Improvement Area" means the Downtown Business
Improvement Area as defined by the City of Barrie from time to time
3.1.13
"Highway" includes a common and public highway, street, avenue, parkway,
driveway, square, place, bridge, viaduct or trestle designed and intended for or
used by, the general public for the passage of vehicles;
3.1.14
"Minister" means the Minister of the Environment;
3.1.15
"Ministry" means the Ministry of the Environment;
3.1.16
"Motor Vehicle" means any motorized conveyance and includes any automobile,
motorcycle and any other vehicle propelled or driven otherwise than by muscular
power, but does not include the cars of electric or steam railways, or other motor
vehicle running only upon rails, or a motorized snow vehicle, traction engine,
farm tractor, self-propelled implement of husbandry or road building machine;
3.1.17
"Motorized Conveyance" means a conveyance propelled or driven otherwise than
by muscular, gravitational or wind power;
3.1.18
"Municipality" means the land within the geographic boundaries of the City of
Barrie;
3.1.19
"Noise" means unwanted sound;
3.1.20
"Officer" means a person appointed by Council as a Municipal Law Enforcement
Officer, a Police Officer, or other individual duly appointed to enforce this by-law;
3.1.21
"Permit" means a permit or written authorization of a temporary or permanent
nature, issued by the City Clerk or Council of the City of Barrie, which provides
an exemption(s) to the requirements and provisions of this by-law;
3.1.22
"Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, company, association or
party and the heirs, executors, administrators of other legal representative of
such person to whom the context can apply according to law; shall include any
group of persons comprising a society or other organization and shall include the
plural wherein the context requires. Wherever the word "he" or "him" is used, it
shall mean and include the feminine or neuter gender wherever the context so
requires.
3.1.23
"Point of Reception" means any point on a premise of a person where sound or
vibration originating from other than those premises is received;
3.1.24
"Publication - NPC" means a specified publication of Ministry of the Environment
as set out in Schedule 3 of this By-Law;
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
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3.1.25
"Quiet Zone" means an area within a distance of 500 meters of Royal Victoria
Hospital, or other hospital, long term care facility as regulated by the Ministry of
Health, City Hall, or any Provincial or Federal Courthouse.
3.1.26
"Residential Area" means any area of the municipality where residential use is
permitted under the provisions of the City of Barrie Zoning By-Law, as amended
from time to time.
3.1.27
"Residential Renovations" means construction that does not require any building
permits and renovations are constructed without operation of heavy equipment;
3.1.28
"Shall" is mandatory and not directory;
3.1.29
"Source" or "Source of Sound or Vibration" means an activity, matter, thing, or
tangible personal property or real property, from which sound or vibration is
emitted;
3.1.30
"Sound" is a sensation caused in the ear due to a vibration of surrounding air or
other medium;
3.1.31
"Stationary Source" means a source of sound, which does not normally move
from place to place and includes the premises of a person as one stationary
source unless the dominant source on the premises is construction equipment or
a conveyance;
4.0.0
PROHIBITIONS
4.1.0
No person shall emit or cause or permit the emission of sound resulting in noise
from an act listed in Schedule 1 - Prohibitions by Time and Place, if the sound is
clearly audible at a point of reception.
4.2.0
Notwithstanding any other provision of this by-law, no person shall emit or cause
or permit the emission of sound such that the level of resultant sound at a point
of reception located in a residential area, or quiet zone exceeds the applicable
sound level limit as established and prescribed by the Ministry of the
Environment in the following Publications, as may be applicable:
a)
Publication NPC - 101 Technical Definitions;
b)
Publication NPC - 102 Instrumentation;
c)
Publication NPC - 103 Procedures;
d)
Publication NPC - 104 Sound Level Adjustments;
e)
Publication NPC - 115 Construction Equipment;
f)
Publication NPC - 117 Domestic Outdoor Power Tools;
g)
Publication NPC - 118 Motorized Conveyances;
h)
Publication NPC - 119 Blasting;
i)
Publication NPC - 205 Stationary Source;
j)
Publication NPC - 206 Road Traffic; and
k)
Publication NPC - 216 Residential Air Conditioners
5.0.0
GENERAL PROHIBITION
5.1.0
Notwithstanding any other provision of this by-law, no person shall emit or cause
or permit the emission of sound likely to disturb another person in a residential
area between 9:00 p.m. of one day and 7:00 a.m. of the following day where the
noise is clearly audible at the point of reception.
6.0.0
EXEMPTIONS AND PERMITS
6.1.0
Notwithstanding any other provision of this By-law, the provisions and
requirements of this By-law shall not apply to any person who emits or causes or
permits the emission of sound in connection with any activities listed in Schedule
2, Permanent Exemptions, or to impulsive sound, or blasting, or to any person or
activity for which a permit has been issued under the authority of this by-law.
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
5
6.2.0
Every application for exemption shall be made to the City Clerk in writing and
shall contain:
a)
the name and address of the applicant;
b)
a description of the source of sound or vibration and resulting noise in
respect of which exemption is sought;
c)
a statement of the particular requirement or provision of the By-Law from
which exemption is sought;
d)
the reasons for which, in the applicant's opinion, the exemption should
be granted;
e)
in the case of a temporary exemption, a statement of the actions, steps
or other such measures, if any, planned or presently being taken, by the
applicant, intended to bring about compliance with the By-Law;
f)
any additional information deemed necessary by the City Clerk or
Council to consider an application made under this section.
6.3.0
The applicant shall, upon application to the City Clerk, submit all fees as set out
in accordance with the City of Barrie Fee's By-law. The application fee is non-
refundable.
6.4.0
No application shall be deemed complete until the applicant has provided any
and all information as required by the City Clerk or Council and has paid the
application fee as set out in the City of Barrie Fee's By-law. Where additional
costs may be incurred by the applicant, such costs shall be borne by the
applicant.
6.5.0
The City Clerk may, upon written application by any person, issue a permit of a
Temporary Exemption to the applicant from any provision or requirement of this
by-law as the City Clerk deems appropriate.
6.6.0
Where the application is for a permanent exemption, the City Clerk will make
appropriate public notification of any duly completed application on behalf of the
applicant prior to recommendations for consideration of such application by
Council.
6.7.0
Where deemed appropriate by Council, the City Clerk may issue a Permit of a
Permanent Exemption to exempt the applicant from any provision or requirement
of this by-law.
6.8.0
Any permit issued in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.5.0 or Section
6.7.0 of this By-law may specify any terms and conditions under which the permit
is issued.
6.9.0
Where an application is not approved or approved upon terms and conditions or
to a lesser extent than the exemption applied for, the City Clerk shall set out in
writing the reasons therefore and shall serve a copy of the decision upon the
applicant.
6.10.0
Notwithstanding any other provision of this By-law, it shall be lawful during an
emergency to emit or cause or permit the emission of sound or vibration in
connection with emergency measures undertaken for:
a)
the immediate health, safety or welfare of the inhabitants or any of them;
or
b)
the preservation or restoration of property;
c)
unless such sound or vibration is clearly audible for a longer duration or
of a nature more disturbing than is reasonably necessary for the
accomplishment of such emergency purpose.
7.0.0
SEVERABILITY
7.1.0
Should any section of this By-law be declared by a Court of competent
jurisdiction to be invalid for any reason, the provision shall be deemed
conclusively to be severed from the by-law, and the remaining parts shall
nevertheless remain valid and binding, and shall be read as if the offending
section or part had been struck out.
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
6
8.0.0
ADMINISTRATION and ENFORCEMENT
8.1.0
The City Clerk or his designate shall administer the provisions of this By-Law.
8.2.0
The provisions of this By-law shall be enforced by an officer, as defined within
this By-law.
9.0.0
PENALTIES
9.1.0
Every person who contravenes any provision of this By-law is guilty of an offence
and upon conviction, is liable to the penalty specified by the Provincial Offences
Act, R.S.O. 1990, Chapter P.33, as amended.
10.0.0
REPEAL
10.1.0
Upon the passage of this By-law, that By-law 76-140 and all amendments thereto
be repealed.
11.0.0
ENACTMENT
11.1.0
This By-Law shall have effect immediately upon the final passing thereof.
READ a first and second time this 12th day of June, 2006.
READ a third time and finally passed this 12th day of June, 2006.
THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF BARRIE
"R.J. HAMILTON"
_____________________________________
MAYOR - R. J. HAMILTON
"JOHN R. SISSON"
______________________________________
CLERK - JOHN R. SISSON
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
7
SCHEDULE 1 to BY-LAW 2006-140
PROHIBITIONS BY TIME AND PLACE
Particulars of Noise
Prohibited Period by Time and Place
Quiet Zone
Residential Area
The operation of any auditory
signalling device, including but not
limited to the ringing of bells or
gongs and the blowing of horns or
sirens or whistles, or the production,
reproduction or amplification of any
similar sounds except where
required or authorized in accordance
with good safety practices.
At any time
7:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day, and
All day Sundays and Statutory
Holidays
The operation of any electronic
device or group of connected
electronic devices incorporating one
or more loudspeakers or other
electro mechanical transducers, and
intended for the production,
reproduction or amplification of
sound except within the geographic
boundaries of the Downtown
Business Improvement Area.
At any time
At any time
The operation of any electronic
device
or
group
of
connected
electronic devices incorporating one
or more loudspeakers or other
electro mechanical transducers, and
intended
for
the
production,
reproduction
or
amplification
of
sound
within
the
geographic
boundaries
of
the
Downtown
Business Improvement Area
Not applicable
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day;
And at any time when the
business operating within the
Downtown
Business
Improvement Area is closed for
business
Loading,
unloading,
delivering,
packing, unpacking, or otherwise
handling any containers, produce,
materials,
or
refuse
unless
necessary for the maintenance of
essential
services
or
the
preservation of perishable goods
7:00 p.m. of one day to
7:00 a.m. of the next
day
(9:00
a.m.
Sundays)
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day;
On
Sundays,
from
12:00
midnight to 10:00 a.m. and
from
2:00
p.m.
to
12:00
midnight; and
On Statutory Holidays, from
12:00 midnight to 10:00 a.m.
and from 2:00 p.m. to 12:00
midnight.
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
8
Particulars of Noise
Prohibited Period by Time and Place
Quiet Zone
Residential Area
The operation of any construction
equipment
in
connection
with
construction,
unless
otherwise
exempt under the provisions of this
by-law
5:00 p.m. of one day to
7:00 a.m. of the next
day
All day Sundays and
Statutory Holidays
7:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day, and
All day Sundays and Statutory
Holidays
The operation of any construction
equipment without effective muffling
devices in good working order and in
constant operation
At any time
At any time
The detonation of fireworks or
explosive devices.
At any time
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
The operation of a combustion
engine which, is, or is used in, or is
intended for use in, a toy or a model
or replica of a larger device, which
model or replica has no function
other than amusement and which is
not a conveyance.
At any time
7:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
The operation of any motorized
conveyance other than on a highway
or other place intended for its
operation.
At any time
7:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
The venting, release or pressure
relief of air, steam or other gaseous
material, product or compound from
any
autoclave,
boiler,
pressure
vessel, pipe, valve, machine, device
or system.
At any time
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
Persistent barking, calling or whining
or other similar persistent noise
making by any domestic pet.
At any time
At any time
The operation of any powered or
non-powered
tool
for
domestic
purposes other than snow removal.
5:00 p.m. of one day to
7:00 a.m. of the next
day
(9:00
a.m.
Sundays)
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
The operation of solid waste bulk lift
or refuse compacting equipment
5:00 p.m. of one day to
7:00 a.m. of the next
day
(9:00
a.m.
Sundays)
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
The operation of commercial car
wash.
5:00 p.m. of one day to
7:00 a.m. of the next
day
(9:00
a.m.
Sundays)
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
Yelling, shouting, hooting, whistling
or singing or similar sounds
At any time
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
The operation of a sound emitting
pest control device
At any time
11:00 p.m. of one day to 7:00
a.m. of the next day (9:00 a.m.
Sundays)
Racing of any motorized conveyance
other
than
in
a
racing
event
regulated by law
At any time
At any time
The operation of a motor vehicle in
such a way that the tires squeal
At any time
At any time
The operation of any combustion
engine without an effective exhaust
muffling device in good working
order and in constant operation
At any time
At any time
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
9
Particulars of Noise
Prohibited Period by Time and Place
Quiet Zone
Residential Area
The operation of a vehicle or a
vehicle with a trailer resulting in
banging, clanking, squealing or other
like
sounds
due
to
improperly
secured load or equipment
At any time
At any time
The operation of a motor vehicle
horn or other warning device except
where required or authorized by law
in accordance with good safety
practices
At any time
At any time
The idling of an engine or motor in,
or on, any motor vehicle or item of
attached auxiliary equipment for a
continuous period exceeding five
minutes,
while
such
vehicle
is
stationary in a Residential Area or,
unless,
the vehicle is in an enclosed
structure constructed so as to
effectively
prevent
excessive
noise emission;
the
original
equipment
manufacturer
specifically
recommends a longer idling
period for normal and efficient
operation of the motor vehicle in
which case such recommended
period shall not be exceeded;
such operation of the engine or
motor is essential to a basic
function
of
the
vehicle
or
equipment, including but not
limited to, operation of ready
mixed
concrete
trucks,
lift
platforms or refuse compactors
and heat exchange systems;
weather conditions justify the
use of heating or refrigerating
systems powered by the motor
or engine for the safety and
welfare
of
the
operator,
passengers
or
animals,
or
preservation of perishable cargo;
prevailing
low
temperatures
make
longer
idling
periods
necessary,
immediately
after
starting the motor or engine; or,
the idling is for the purpose of
cleaning
and
flushing
the
radiator
and
associated
circulation system for seasonal
change of antifreeze, cleaning of
the fuel system, carburetor or
the like, when such work is
performed other than for profit.
At any time
At any time
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
10
SCHEDULE 2 to BY-LAW 2006- 140
PERMANENT EXEMPTIONS
1.
The use of bells or chimes normally associated with church activities.
2.
The operation of bells and other signalling devices utilized as traffic control devices at:
intersections with traffic signalling devices; and
railway crossings.
3.
The operation of equipment in conjunction with City projects or reconstruction projects,
general maintenance and emergency maintenance projects.
4.
All activities approved by the Barrie Agricultural Society and conducted at the Barrie
Fairgrounds provided that the midway electronically produced sounds and amplified
sounds from other fair related activities be reduced to two thirds normal operation by
volume by 11:00 p.m. of one day to 9:00 a.m. of the next day during the operation of the
Barrie Fair.
5.
All activities directly associated with the conduct of City sanctioned Special Events
including but not limited to the detonation of fireworks. Such exemption shall only be
applicable between the hours of 10:00 a.m. of one day and 11:00 p.m. of the same day.
6.
All activities directly associate with the conduct of the City of Barrie New Year's Eve
celebration including but not limited the detonation of fireworks. Such exemption shall
only be applicable between the hours of 10:00 a.m. of one day and 12:30 a.m. of the next
day.
7.
The operation of authorized emergency vehicles and related signalling devices.
8.
The operation of vehicles and equipment utilized for the clearing and removal of snow
from public and private property.
9.
The operation of any rail car including but not limited to refrigeration cars, locomotives or
self-propelled passenger cars, operated under the Railway Act of Canada.
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
11
SCHEDULE 3 TO BY-LAW 2006-140
NOISE CONTROL - TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS
THESE TECHNICAL PUBLCATIONS ARE THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT NPC'S WHICH
FORM PART OF THE RECOMMENDED NOISE CONTROL BY-LAW.
INDEX OF PUBLICATIONS
1.
Publication - N.P.C. 101 - Technical Definitions
2.
Publication - N.P.C. 102 - Instrumentation
3.
Publication - N.P.C. 103 - Procedures
4.
Publication - N.P.C. 104 - Sound Level Adjustments
5.
Publication - N.P.C. 117 - Domestic Outdoor Power Tools
6.
Publication - N.P.C. 115 - Construction Equipment
7.
Publication - N.P.C. 118 - Motorized Conveyances
8.
Publication - N.P.C.119 - Blasting
9.
Publication - N.P.C. 205 - Stationary Sources (Urban) - Classes I and II
10.
Publication - N.P.C. 206 - Sound Levels of Road Traffic
(method to establish "urban hum")
11.
Publication - N.P.C. 216 - Residential Air Conditioners
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
12
PUBLICATION NPC - 101 TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Technical Terminology and Standards.
1.1
Acoustic Calibrator
1.2
A-weighting
1.3
A-weighted Sound Pressure Level
1.4
Beating
1.5
Buzzing Sounds
1.6
Decibel
1.7
Effective Sound Pressure
1.8
Equivalent Sound Level
1.9
Fast Response
1.10
Frequency
1.11
General Purpose Sound Level Meter
1.12
Impulse Response
1.13
Impulsive Sound
1.14
Impulse Sound Level
1.15
Impulse Sound Level Meter
1.16
Integrating Sound Level Meter
1.17
Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level
1.18
Overpressure
1.19
Overpressure Level
1.20
Peak Particle Velocity
1.21
Peak Pressure Level Detector
1.22
Percentile Sound Level
1.23
Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound
1.24
Slow Response
1.25
Sound
1.26
Sound Level
1.27
Sound Level Meter
1.28
Sound Pressure
1.29
Sound Pressure Level
1.30
Tonality
1.31
Vibration
1.32
Vibration Velocity Detector
By-law 2006-140
Office Consolidation
The Corporation of the City of Barrie
Noise By-law
13
1.
Technical Terminology and Standards
The following terminology and standards shall be used for the purposes of any Noise
Control By-Law enacted pursuant to The Environmental Protection Act and all
Publications of the Noise Pollution Control Section of the Pollution Control Branch of the
Ministry of the Environment. The definition of any technical word used in such By-Law or
this or any such Publication and not herein defined shall be the definition appearing in the
applicable Publication of the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI), the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE), or the Machinery and Equipment Manufacturers Association of Canada
(MEMAC):
(1)
Acoustic Calibrator
An "Acoustic Calibrator" is an electro-mechanical or mechanical device intended
for the calibration of sound level meters and meeting the specifications of
Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation, for Acoustic Calibrators.
(2)
A-weighting
The "A-weighting" is the frequency weighting characteristic as specified in IEC
123 or IEC 179 and intended to approximate the relative sensitivity of the normal
human ear to different frequencies (pitches) of sound.
(3)
A-weighted Sound Pressure Level
The "A-weighted sound pressure level" is the sound pressure level modified by
application of the A-weighting. It is measured in decibels, A-weighted, and
denoted dBA.
(4)
Beating
"Beating" is the characteristic of a sound which has an audible cyclically varying
sound level, caused by the interaction of two sounds of almost the same
frequency.
(5)
Buzzing Sounds
A "buzzing sound" is a sound which is characterized by the presence of a large
number of related discrete harmonics in its frequency spectrum. These
harmonics together with the fundamental frequency produce a sound which
subjectively is termed a "buzz". Examples are sounds from a buzzer or a chain
saw.
(6)
Decibel
The "decibel" is a dimensionless measure of sound level or sound pressure level;
see sound pressure level.
(7)
Effective Sound Pressure
The "effective sound pressures" at a point is the root-mean square value of the
instantaneous sound pressure, over a time interval, at the point under
consideration as detected with a sound level meter meeting the requirements of
Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation.
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(8)
Equivalent Sound Level
The "equivalent sound level" sometimes denoted Leq, is the value of the constant
sound level which would result in exposure to the same total A-weighted energy
as would the specified time-varying sound, if the constant sound level persisted
over an equal time interval. It is measured in dBA.
The mathematical definition of equivalent sound level (Leq) for an interval defined
as occupying the period between two points in time t1 and t2 is:
t2
Leq = 10 log10 1
p2(t) dt
t2-t1 t1
p2
r
where p(t) is the time varying A-weighted sound pressure and pr is the reference
pressure of 20 uPa.
(9)
Fast Response
"Fast response" is a dynamic characteristic setting of a sound level meter
meeting the applicable specifications of Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation.
(10)
Frequency
The "frequency" of a periodic quantity is the number of times that the quantity
repeats itself in a unit interval of time. The unit of measurement is hertz (Hz)
which is the same as cycles per second.
(11)
General Purpose Sound Level Meter
A "General Purpose Sound Level Meter" is a sound level meter which meets the
specifications of Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation, for General Purpose
Sound Level Meters.
(12)
Impulse Response
"Impulse response" is a dynamic characteristic setting of a sound level meter
meeting the specifications of Publication NPC-lO2 - Instrumentation, for Impulse
Sound Level Meters.
(13)
Impulsive Sound
An "impulsive sound" is a single pressure pulse or a single burst of pressure
pulses, as defined by IEC 179A, First supplement to IEC 179, Sections 3.1 and
3.2.
(14)
Impulse Sound Level
The "impulse sound level" is the sound level of an impulsive sound as measured
with an Impulse Sound Level Meter set to impulse response. It is measured in A-
weighted decibels, denoted dBAI.
(15)
Impulse Sound Level Meter
An "Impulse Sound Level Meter" is a sound level meter which meets the
specifications of Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation, for Impulse Sound Level
Meters.
(16)
Integrating Sound Level Meter
An "Integrating Sound Level Meter" is a sound level meter which is capable of
being used to derive the equivalent sound level (Leq) and which meets the
specifications of Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation, for Type B Integrating
Sound Level Meters.
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(17)
Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level
The "Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level", sometimes denoted LLM of N
impulsive sounds, is ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the arithmetic
mean of ten to the power of one tenth the impulse sound level of each impulsive
sound.
Algebraically, it can be written as:
LLM = 10 log10 [ 1 (10 dBAI
1
/10 +10 dBAI
2
/10 ...+10 dBAI
N
/10)]
N
where, dBAI1, dBAl2, ....dBAIN, are the N impulse sound levels.
(18)
Overpressure
The "overpressure" at a point due to an acoustic disturbance is the instantaneous
difference at that point between the peak pressure during the disturbance and
the ambient atmospheric pressure. The unit of measurement is the pascal. One
pascal, abbreviated Pa, is the same as one newton per square meter,
abbreviated N/m2.
(19)
Overpressure Level
The "overpressure level" is twenty times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio
of the peak pressure to the reference pressure of 20 uPa.
(20)
Peak Particle Velocity
The "peak particle velocity" is the maximum instantaneous velocity experienced
by the particles of a medium when set into transient vibratory motion. This can
be derived as the magnitude of the vector sum of three orthogonal components
and is measured in cm/s.
(21)
Peak Pressure Level Detector
A "Peak Pressure Level Detector" is a device capable of measuring peak
pressure or pressure level perturbations in air and which meets the specifications
of Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation, for Peak Pressure Level Detectors.
(22)
Percentile Sound Level
The "x percentile sound level", designated Lx, is the sound level exceeded x
percent of a specified time period. It is measured in dBA.
(23)
Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound
"Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound" is a sequence of impulsive sounds emitted from
the same source, having a time interval of less than 0.5 s between successive
impulsive sounds.
(24)
Slow Response
"Slow response" is a dynamic characteristic setting of a sound level meter
meeting the applicable specifications of Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation.
(25)
Sound
"Sound" is an oscillation in pressure, stress, particle displacement or particle
velocity, in a medium with internal forces (e.g. elastic, viscous), or the
superposition of such propagated oscillations, which may cause an auditory
sensation.
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(26)
Sound Level
"Sound level" is the A-weighted sound pressure level.
(27)
Sound Level Meter
A "sound level meter" is an instrument which is sensitive to and calibrated for the
measurement of sound.
(28)
Sound Pressure
The "sound pressure" is the instantaneous difference between the actual
pressure and the average or barometric pressure at a given location. The unit of
measurement is the micropascal (uPa) which is the same as a micronewton per
square meter (uN/m2).
(29)
Sound Pressure Level
The "sound pressure level" is twenty times the logarithm to the base 10 of the
ratio of the effective pressure (p) of a sound to the reference pressure (pr) of 20
uPa. Thus the sound pressure level in dB=20 log10 p .
pr
(30)
Tonality
A "tone" or a "tonal sound" is any sound which can be distinctly identified through
the sensation of pitch.
(31)
Vibration
"Vibration" is a temporal and spatial oscillation of displacement, velocity or
acceleration in a solid medium.
(32)
Vibration Velocity Detector
A "Vibration Velocity Detector" is a device which is capable of measuring
vibration velocity and which meets the specifications of Publication NPC-102 -
Instrumentation, for Vibration Velocity Detectors.
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PUBLICATION NPC-102 INSTRUMENTATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
Technical Definitions
3.
General Purpose Sound Level Meter
3.1
Purpose.
3.2
Specifications
4.
Impulse Sound Level Meter
4.1
Purpose
4.2
Specifications
5.
Peak Pressure Level Detector
5.1
Purpose
5.2
Specifications
6.
Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter.
6.1
Purpose
6.2
General Description
6.3
Specifications
7.
Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter.
7.1
Purpose.
7.2
General Description.
7.3
Specifications.
8.
Vibration Velocity Detector
8.1
Purpose. .
8.2
Specifications
9.
Acoustic Calibrator.
9.1
Purpose.
9.2
Specifications
Table 102-2
Table 102-3
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1.
Scope
This Publication sets out minimum specifications for equipment used for the
measurement of sound and vibration. For most of the specifications the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) recommended standards 123 (First edition 1961), 179
(Second edition 1973) and 179A (First supplement to IEC 179, published 1973) have
been adopted. In some cases, these standards are amended or augmented for greater
precision.
TABLE 102-1
NPC-102
Section
Type of Instrument
Application
3
General
Purpose
Sound
Level Meter
Non-impulsive sounds
4
Impulse Sound Level Meter
Impulsive sounds
5
Peak Pressure Level Detector
Peak pressure perturbations
6
Type B Integrating Sound
Level Meter
Varying sounds of low crest
factor
7
Type A Integrating Sound
Level Meter
Varying sounds of high crest
factor
8
Vibration Velocity Detector
Peak
vibration
velocity
in
solids
9
Acoustic Calibrator
Calibration of sound level
meters
2.
Technical Definitions
The technical terms used in this Publication are defined in the specifications themselves
or in Publication NPC-101 - Technical Definitions.
3.
General Purpose Sound Level Meter
(1)
Purpose
A General Purpose Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is intended
to be used for the measurement of non-impulsive sounds, without significant A-
weighted acoustic energy above 2000 Hz.
(2)
Specifications
A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is a General
Purpose Sound Level Meter:
(a)
the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a
windscreen shall meet the specifications of IEC 123, except that, in
addition to meeting the specifications of subclause 5.2 thereof, the micro-
phone of the sound level meter shall also meet the specifications of
subclause 5.2 amended by the substitution therein of an angle of
incidence of ±3O0 instead of ±900, as it therein appears, and by the
substitution of Table 102-2 hereof instead of Table 1, as it therein
appears;
(b)
the sound level meter shall incorporate A-weighting, which is specified in
IEC 123 as optional;
(c)
the sound level meter shall have a minimum usable range of sensitivity
of from 40 dBA to 100 dBA and it shall read to an accuracy of ±1.0 dB
over that range;
(d)
a windscreen shall be installed on the microphone and shall not affect by
more than 1 dB the tolerance prescribed in clauses (a) and (c);
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(e)
the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a
windscreen, shall, when operated in the presence of wind, indicate a
wind-induced sound level not in excess of the relevant value listed in
Table 102-3.
4.
Impulse Sound Level Meter
(1)
Purpose
An Impulse Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is intended to be
used for the measurement of any sounds, including sounds for which a General
Purpose Sound Level Meter may be used.
(2)
Specifications
A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is an Impulse
Sound Level Meter:
(a)
the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a
windscreen, shall meet the specifications of a General Purpose
Sound Level Meter;
(b)
the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a
windscreen, shall meet the specifications of IEC 179 and IEC
179A,
supplement
to
IEC
179,
including
the
optional
characteristics mentioned in subclause 4.5 of IEC 179A;
(c)
the sound level meter shall incorporate A-weighting as specified
in IEC 179.
5.
Peak Pressure Level Detector
(1)
Purpose
A Peak Pressure Level Detector is a sound level meter which is intended to be
used for the measurement of peak pressure perturbations in air. The value
indicated by this device is not an average of the pressure level perturbations.
(2)
Specifications
A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is a Peak Pressure
Level Detector (the features of this device are incorporated in an Impulse Sound
Level Meter as specified in section 4 above):
(a)
the microphone of the sound level meter, when equipped with a
windscreen, shall perform within a tolerance of ±1 dB throughout the
frequency range of from 5 Hz to 31.5 Hz in the circumstances and
conditions for use set out in Table 1 of IEC 179;
(b)
the sound level meter without the microphone shall be capable of
providing linear response as specified in subclause 4.5 of IEC 179, within
a tolerance of ±1 dB throughout the frequency range of from 5 Hz to 15
kHz;
(c)
the sound level meter shall incorporate the optional characteristics
specified in subclause 4.5 of IEC 179A;
(d)
the sound level meter shall meet the specifications set out in IEC 179
clause 3, subclauses 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, clause 5, subclauses
6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.8, 6.9, 7.1 through 7.9, 7.11, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.6
through 8.9 and the appropriate specifications of clause 10.
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6.
Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter
(1)
Purpose
(a)
An Integrating Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is
intended to be used for the measurement of sound over a period of time,
such that the equivalent sound level (Leq) of the sound may be obtained.
(b)
The Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter is specified with sufficient
dynamic range and measurement precision to measure equivalent sound
levels of general sounds that exceed limitations set out in this by-law.
(c)
Either a Type A or Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter may be used
for most such applications, but a Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter
must be used when the sound under study is Quasi-Steady Impulsive
Sound (see NPC-103 - Procedures, sections 3 and 4) or when the
operational dynamic range greatly exceeds 40 dB.
(2)
General Description
The tolerances specified for the microphone, weighting and amplifier of a
Type B integrating Sound Level Meter are the same as those specified
for a General Purpose Sound Level Meter in section 3 of this Publication.
The computational portions of the instrument mist operate within a net
accuracy of ±1 dB for time periods of 20 minutes to one hour over a
dynamic range of at least 40 dB with test signals having a crest factor (as
defined in IEC 179A) up to 3. An operator-activated switch is included to
inhibit the integration function alone and, if the system includes an
elapsed-time clock, to inhibit both the integration and time summation
functions.
(3)
Specifications
A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is a Type B
Integrating Sound Level Meter:
(a)
the instrument will generally be a combination of microphone,
amplifier, A-weighting network, computation circuit to obtain the
integral of the mean square A-weighted pressure, display and a
means of inhibiting the integration, but may vary from the above
provided that it performs the same functions within the
tolerances set out below;
(b)
the instrument may include computational circuitry to calculate
and display the equivalent sound level directly;
(c)
the microphone of the instrument shall meet the specifications of
clause 5 of IEC 123, except that, in addition to meeting the
specifications of subclause 5.2 thereof, the microphone shall
also meet the specifications of subclause 5.2 amended by the
substitution therein of an angle of incidence of ± 300 instead of ±
900, as it therein appears, and by the substitution of Table 102-2
hereof instead of Table 1, as it therein appears;
(d)
a windscreen shall be installed on the microphone during
operation and shall not affect by more than 1 dB the tolerance
prescribed in clause (c);
(e)
the sound level meter, including a microphone equipped with a
windscreen, shall, when operated in the presence of wind, in-
dicate a wind-induced sound level not in excess of the relevant
value listed in Table 102-3;
(f)
the A-weighting network shall meet the specifications of Table II
and Figure 1 of IEC 123;
(g)
the amplifier shall meet the specifications of subclauses 7.2, 7.3
and 7.11 of IEC 123;
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(h)
for each sensitivity setting of the instrument the amplifier shall
have a power handling capacity at least 10 dB greater than the
maximum sound level specified for that sensitivity setting;
(i)
if the computation circuit is of the sampling (digital) type,
when operating in conjunction with the microphone, windscreen,
A-weighting network and amplifier. It shall generate a signal
proportional to the mean square A-weighted pressure with a
1 ±0.25 s exponential averaging time constant;
(j)
the computation circuit shall Integrate the mean square
A-weighted pressure and shall be capable of doing so on
each sensitivity setting for a minimum of 6 minutes at the
maximum sound level specified for that sensitivity setting;
(k)
if the computation circuit is not capable of meeting the
specification of clause (j) with the reference therein to "6
minutes" changed to "60 minutes", then the device shall be
provided with a means to indicate to the operator when the
integration capability has been exceeded;
(1)
if the computational circuit is of the sampling (digital) type,
sampling shall take place at least twice per second;
(m)
the computation circuit shall operate over the usable dynamic
range of the instrument with a linearity of ±1 dB for any sound
with a ratio of peak pressure to root mean square pressure up to
3 (crest factor up to 3);
(n)
an operator-activated switch shall be provided to inhibit
integration or, if the instrument has an internal elapsed time
clock, to inhibit both integration and accumulation of time;
(o)
the combination of windscreen, microphone, A-weighting
network, amplifier and computation circuit shall have a usable
dynamic range extending at least from 50 dBA to 90 dBA and the
manufacturer shall specify the usable dynamic range;
(p)
the instrument may be provided with more than one sensitivity
setting and the manufacturer shall specify the minimum and
maximum input sound level for each sensitivity setting;
(q)
if the maximum sound level specified for any sensitivity setting is
less than 100 dBA, the system shall include a means of
indicating to the operator that the maximum input sound level for
that sensitivity setting has been exceeded and such indication
shall be maintained until cancelled by the operator;
(r)
the display shall indicate either,
(i)
an output proportional to the integrated mean
square A-weighted pressure, or
(ii)
the integrated mean square A-weighted pressure
divided by the duration of the period of time for
which the equivalent sound level is to be
determined, or
(iii)
the equivalent sound level for the period of time
for which the equivalent sound level is to be
determined;
(s)
It shall be possible to read from the display or to calculate from
the reading of the display, the equivalent sound level to a
resolution of ±1 dB over the usable dynamic range of the
instrument for integration times from 20 minutes to 60 minutes;
(t)
if the indication of the display is as described in subclause (ii) or
(iii) of clause (r), the instrument shall include an elapsed-time
clock;
(u)
the complete instrument shall follow the recommendations and
meet the specifications of subclauses 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8 and
7.9 of IEC 123; and
(v)
the Instrument shall include a means of determining whether the
battery of the instrument if any, has sufficient life to permit proper
operation for a period of at least one hour.
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7.
Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter
(1)
Purpose
(a)
An Integrating Sound Level Meter is a sound level meter which is
intended to be used for the measurement of sound over a period of
time, such that the equivalent sound level (Leq ) of the sound may be
obtained.
(b)
The Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter is specified with sufficient
dynamic range and measurement precision to measure equivalent
sound levels of general sounds that exceed limitations set out in this by-
law.
(c)
Either a Type A or a Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter may be
used for most such applications, but a Type A Integrating Sound Level
Meter must be used when the sound under study is Quasi-Steady
Impulsive Sound (see NPC-103 - Procedures, Sections 3 and 4) or
when the operational dynamic range greatly exceeds 40 dB.
(2)
General Description
The tolerances specified for the microphone, weighting and amplifier of a Type A
Integrating Sound Level Meter are the same as those specified for a General Purpose
Sound Level Meter in section 3 of this Publication. The computational portions of the
instrument must operate within a net accuracy of ±1 dB for time periods of 20 minutes to
one hour over a dynamic range of at least 80 dB with test signals having a crest factor
(as defined in IEC 179A) up to 5. An operator activated switch is included to inhibit both
the integration and time summation functions.
(3)
Specifications
A sound level meter which meets the following specifications is a Type A lntegrating
Sound Level Meter:
(a)
the sound level meter shall meet the specifications of a Type B
Integrating Sound Level Meter;
(b)
the instrument shall be provided with an Internal elapsed-time clock;
(c)
for each sensitivity setting of the instrument, the amplifier shall have a
power handling capacity at least 14 dB greater than the maximum sound
level specified for that sensitivity setting;
(d)
the computation circuit shall operate over the usable dynamic range of
the instrument with a linearity of ±1 dB for any sound with a ratio of peak
pressure to root mean square pressure up to 5 (Crest Factor up to 5);
and
(e)
the combination of windscreen, microphone, A-weighting network,
amplifier and computation circuit shall have a usable dynamic range
extending at least from 40 dBA to 120 dBA.
8.
Vibration Velocity Detector
(1)
Purpose
A Vibration Velocity Detector is a device intended to be used for the measurement of the
peak particle velocity of a solid surface.
(2)
Specifications
A device which meets the following specifications is a Vibration Velocity Detector:
(a)
the device shall include either a transducer which responds to the total
vibration vector or three transducers which have their axes of maximum
sensitivity mutually orthogonal ±10;
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(b)
where three transducers are used to measure three mutually orthogonal
components of vibration, the response of any one of the transducers to
vibration in the plane normal to its axis of maximum sensitivity shall be
less than 10% of its response to the same vibration along its axis of
maximum sensitivity;
(c)
the output of the device shall be proportional to the velocity of the
surface on which the transducer is, or the transducers are, mounted and
the output of the device shall be in such form that the device indicates, or
can be used to calculate, the peak particle velocity in the frequency
range of from 5 Hz to 500 Hz over a range of peak particle velocity of
from 0.25 cm/s to 10 cm/s with a tolerance of ±10%; and
(d)
It shall be possible to field-calibrate the device with an accuracy of ±5%
using either a reference electrical signal in series with the equivalent
transducer impedance or a reference vibration source.
9.
Acoustic Calibrator
(1)
Purpose
An Acoustic Calibrator is an electro-mechanical or mechanical device which
produces sound of a known frequency and which, when coupled to a sound level
meter, produces a predictable response in the sound level meter if the sound
level meter is operating properly at the calibration frequency.
(2)
Specifications
A device, capable of producing sound, which meets the following specifications,
is an Acoustic Calibrator:
(a)
the device shall be capable of being physically attached to a sound level
meter in such a way that the device and the sound level meter are
"acoustically coupled", that is, sound from the device is transmitted
through the air by way of a chanter formed by the attachment of the
device to the microphone of the sound level meter;
(b)
the device shall produce sound of a stated frequency, within a frequency
tolerance of ±5%;
(c)
the manufacturer of the device shall provide with the device, any data
required in order to determine the sound level reading which should be
indicated on the sound level meter when calibrated for those microphone
and sound level meter types with which the manufacturer recommends
the device be used. Where additional accessories must be used to
provide this sound level reading, the manufacturer shall state that they
must be used;
(d)
the maximum tolerance in the sound pressure level generated by the
device when coupled to the microphone shall apply over an atmospheric
pressure range of 87 kPa to 107 kPa, and shall be ±0.5 dB over the temperature
range of from 00C to 400C and ±1.0 dB over the temperature range of from -l00C
to 500C;
(e)
if the device is battery powered, means for checking the battery condition
shall be included with the device;
(f)
the following data shall be provided with the device by the manufacturer,
(i)
the nominal sound pressure level produced,
(ii)
the nominal frequency at which the device operates,
(iii)
the ranges of temperature and atmospheric pressure over which the
device is intended to operate, and the applicable overall sound pressure level
tolerance for these ranges.
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TABLE 102-2
Permissible Tolerances on Microphone Sensitivity
Over an Angle of ± 300
Frequency Hz
Permissible Tolerances dB
31.5 - 500
1000
2000
4000
8000
A*
B**
+1
+1
+1
+1
+2
+1-2
+4
+1-4
+10
+1-10
*
COLUMN A:
The microphone is mounted on the sound level meter.
**
COLUMN B:
The microphone is physically separated from the sound level
meter but electrically connected thereto.
TABLE 102-3
Maximum Wind Induced Sound Level Indication Using A-weighting and
Slow Response (where available)
Wind Speed
dBA
15 km/h
41
20 km/h
48
25 km/h
53
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PUBLICATION NPC-103 PROCEDURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope.
2.
Technical Definitions
3.
Procedure for Measurement of Steady or Impulsive Sound
3.1
Classification.
3.2
Instrumentation
3.3
Measurement Location
3.4
Use of Instrumentation
3.5
Documentation
4.
Procedure for Measurement of Varying Sound
4.1
Classification
4.2
Instrumentation
4.3
Measurement Location
4.4
Use of Instrumentation
4.5
Documentation
5.
Procedure for Measurement of Sound and Vibration Due to Blasting Operations.
5.1
Application
5.2
Sound
5.3
Vibration
5.4
Documentation
6.
Exterior Sound Level Measurement Procedure for Powered Mobile
Construction Equipment - SAE J88a.
7.
MEMAC Test Code for the Measurement of Sound from Pneumatic Equipment
8.
Exterior Sound Level Measurement Procedure for Small Engine Powered
Equipment - SAE J 1046
9.
Procedure for Measurement of the Maximum Exterior Sound Level of
Secondary Trucks with Governed Diesel Engines - CSA Z107.22-M1977
Table 103-1
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1.
Scope
This Publication comprises the various measurement procedures to be used in
connection with other Publications which provide limits or standards for sound or
vibration. Several of the procedures adopted are those of nationally or internationally
recognized agencies. Table 103-1 lists the measurement procedures which are included
in this Publication.
TABLE 103-1
NPC-103
Section
Type of Measurement
Procedure
3
Steady or impulsive sound
Ministry
4
Varying sound
Ministry
5
Sound and vibration from blasting
Ministry
6
Powered mobile construction equipment
SAE J88a
7
Pneumatic equipment
MEMAC
8
Small engines
SAE J1046
9
Truck with governed diesel engines
CSA Z107.22-M
2.
Technical Definitions
The technical terms used in a procedure shall have the meaning given either in that
procedure or in Publication NPC-l0l - Technical Definitions.
3.
Procedure for Measurement of Steady or Impulsive Sound
(1)
(a)
Classification
For the purposes of this procedure sounds can conveniently be placed in four
mutually exclusive categories as follows:
(i)
impulsive sounds, other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sounds,
such as, but not limited to, the sound from gunshots, certain
explosive pest control devices and certain industrial metal
working
operations
(e.g.
forging,
hammering.
punching,
stamping, cutting, forming and moulding);
(ii)
Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sounds, such as, but not limited to, the
sound from pavement breakers, riveting guns, ineffectively
muffled internal combustion engines or ineffectively muffled air
compressors;
(iii)
buzzing sounds, such as, but not limited to, the sounds from
positive displacement blowers, chain saws, small combustion
engines and concrete finishers;
(iv)
all other sounds.
(b)
Application
This procedure applies to measurements at a point of reception
of:
(i)
sound of a type mentioned in category (i) or (ii) of clause (a); and
(ii)
sound of a type mentioned in categories (iii) or (iv) of clause (a),
which is always higher than the permissible level or which, when
the sound is present, does not vary in level over a range of more
than 6 dB during the period of observation.
(2)
Instrumentation
(a)
Sound Level Meter
(i)
An Impulse Sound Level Meter shall be used for the measure-
ment of sound in category (i), (ii) or (iii) of clause 3(1) (a).
(ii)
A General Purpose Sound Level Meter shall be used for the
measurement of sound in category (iv) of clause 3(1) (a).
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NOTE:
An Integrating Sound Level Meter may be used for the
measurement of sound in category (iv) of clause 3(1) (a), but the
procedure set out in section 4 - Procedure for Measurement of
Varying Sound most be used.
(b)
Calibrator
An Acoustic Calibrator shall be used.
(c)
Windscreen
A windscreen shall be used in all outdoor measurements.
(3)
Measurement Location
For sound transmitted solely through air, the measurement location shall be one
or more of the following points of reception:
(a)
a location out-of-doors where a person may be exposed to the sound; or
(b)
the plane of an exterior door or window of a room in which a person may
be exposed to the sound, where the door or window is open.
(4)
Use of Instrumentation
(a)
Battery Check
If the sound level meter is battery powered the condition of the battery
shall be checked after the meter has been allowed to warm up and
stabilize. The battery condition shall be rechecked at least once per hour
during a series of measurements and at the conclusion of such
measurements. The meter shall not be used unless the battery condition
is confirmed to be within the range recommended by the manufacturer
for proper operation.
(b)
Calibration
The sound level meter shall be calibrated after the meter has been
allowed to warm up and stabilize, at least once per hour during a series
of measurements and at the conclusion of such measurements.
(c)
Sound Level Meter Settings
Measurements shall be taken using the following response settings:
(i)
Impulse Response (dBAI)
The impulse response and A-weighting shall be used for
impulsive sound in category (i) of clause 3 (1)(a). An 'impulse
hold' facility may be used if available on the meter.
(ii)
Slow Response (dBA)
The slow response and A-weighting shall be used for sound in
categories (ii), (iii) or (iv) of clause 3 (l)(a).
(d)
Instrument Configuration
(i)
Reflective Surfaces
The microphone shall be located not less than 1 m above the
ground, not less than 1 m from any sound reflective surface
except for the purposes of clause 3(3)(b) and not less than arm's
length from the body, of the person operating the meter. Not
more than one person, other than the operator of the meter, shall
be within 7 m of the microphone and that person shall be behind
the operator of the meter.
For the case of clause 3(3)(b) the microphone shall be in the
middle of the aperture located not less than 15 cm from the
window frame or door frame.
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(ii)
Microphone Orientation
The microphone shall be oriented such that the sound to be
measured is incident at an angle recommended by the
microphone manufacturer for flattest frequency response in a
free field.
(e)
Measurement - Slow Response
(i)
Readings Taken
For sound in categories (ii), (iii) or (iv) of clause 3 (1)(a), a
minimum of three observations with a minimum observation time
of 15 s each shall be made. The observed average reading for
each of the observations shall be noted as well as the minimum
and the maximum of the range of sound levels during each
observation period. If the difference between any two observed
average readings is greater than 3 dB, a minimum of six
observations shall be made. For the purpose of adjustments for
intermittency the duration of the sound in any one hour shall be
noted.
(ii)
Readings Reported
The arithmetic mean of the observed average readings shall be
reported, rounded to the nearest decibel. Adjustments for
intermittence and quality of sound shall be made in accordance
with Publication NPC-104 - Sound Level Adjustments, and the
result shall be reported. The result is the one hour equivalent
sound level (Leq) of the sound under study for any one hour
period during which the readings were taken pursuant to
subclause (i).
(iii)
Wide Variation of Sound Levels
If, in making observations pursuant to subclause (i), there is a
difference of more than 6 dB between the lowest and highest
values of the observed ranges of sound levels, this procedure
shall not be used unless the lower limit of each such range is
above the maximum permissible level. Instead, the procedure
set out in Section 4 - Procedure for Measurement of Varying
Sound at a point of reception, shall be used.
(f)
Measurement - Impulse Response - Frequent Impulses
(i)
Readings Taken
For sound in category (i) of clause 3 (i)(a) not less than 20
impulses shall be measured within a continuous period of 20
minutes and each measurement taken shall be reported.
(ii)
Extension of Time
Where a minimum of 20 impulses cannot be measured within a
continuous period of 20 minutes pursuant to subclause (i) the
time period may be extended to 2 hours if an impulse occurred in
each of the four consecutive periods of five minutes each during
the Initial 20 minute measurement period.
(iii)
Level Reported
The Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LLM) of the 20 or
more measurements shall be calculated and reported to the
nearest decibel. This Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level is
a valid and effective sound level or any one hour period during
which readings were taken pursuant to subclauses (i) and (ii).
(g)
Measurement - Impulse Response - Single Event Readings Taken and
Reported
For impulsive sounds in category (i) of clause 3(1)(a), that occur as
single, seemingly independent events not normally measurable using the
procedure set out in clause (f) for frequent impulses, each impulse shall
be independently measured and each impulse sound level reported to
the nearest decibel.
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(h)
Variation in Calibration
Measurements shall not be reported if the sound level meter calibration
has changed more than 0.5 dB from the previous calibration.
(i)
Weather Conditions
(i)
Wind
Measurements shall not be taken unless the wind-induced sound
level is more than 10 dB below the measured levels. Reference
should be made to Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation,
particularly Table 102-3.
(ii)
Humidity
Measurements shall not be taken if the relative humidity is above
the maximum for which the meter specification is guaranteed by
the manufacturer (normally 90%).
(iii)
Precipitation
Measurements shall not be taken during precipitation.
(iv)
Temperature
Measurements shall not be taken when the air temperature is
outside the range for which the specification of the instrument is
guaranteed by the manufacturer. (Normally, only the lower
temperature limit is significant.)
(5)
Documentation
The following represents the minimum information which shall be contained in a
report of an investigation where the above procedure was used. (Adapted from
CSA Z107.2-1973 Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels.)
(a)
Acoustic Environment
(i)
Location and description of sound sources.
(ii)
Dimensioned sketch including photographs, if possible, of the
location of the sound source and the point of reception, showing all
buildings, trees, structures and any other sound reflective surfaces.
(iii)
Physical and topographical description of the ground surface.
(iv)
Meteorological conditions prevailing at the time of the
investigation including approximate local wind speed in km/h, wind
direction, air temperature in 0C, approximate relative humidity and extent
of cloud cover.
(b)
Instrumentation
All the equipment used for making sound level measurements shall be
listed, including:
(i)
type, model and serial number of sound level meter;
(ii)
type, model and serial number of microphone;
(iii)
type, model and serial number of Acoustic Calibrator;
(iv)
extension cables and additional amplifier, if used.
(c)
Acoustical Data
The measurement details shall be described, including:
(i)
the location of the microphone, using a sketch if necessary;
(ii)
measurements or readings obtained, preferably listed in tabular
form, referencing location on a sketch or map, time periods
involved, and relevant data required for making calculations;
(iii)
adjustments made for quality of sound or intermittence;
(iv)
details of any calculations;
(v)
comparison with applicable sound level limits, standards or
guidelines.
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4.
Procedure for Measurement of Varying Sound
(1)
(a)
Classification
For the purposes of this procedure sounds can conveniently be placed in
four mutually exclusive categories as follows:
(i)
impulsive sounds, other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sounds,
such as, but not limited to, the sound from gunshots, certain
explosive pest control devices and certain industrial metal
working
operations
(e.g.
forging,
hammering,
punching,
stamping, cutting, forming and moulding);
(ii)
Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sounds, such as, but not limited, to, the
sound from pavement breakers, riveting guns, ineffectively
muffled internal combustion engines or ineffectively muffled air
compressors;
(iii)
buzzing sounds, such as, but not limited to the sound from
positive displacement blowers, chain saws, small combustion
engines and concrete finishers;
(iv)
all other sounds.
(b)
Application
This procedure applies to measurements at a point of reception of continuous or
intermittent sound mentioned in category (ii), (iii) or (iv) of clause (a).
(2)
Instrumentation
(a)
Integrating Sound Level Meter
An Integrating Sound Level Meter shall be used which is appropriate for
the sound to be measured:
(i)
Either a Type A or Type B Integrating Sound Level Meter may be
used for the measurement of sound in category (iv) of clause
4(1)(a);
(ii)
A Type A Integrating Sound Level Meter shall be used for the
measurement of sound in categories (ii) or (iii) of clause 4(1)(a).
(b)
Calibrator
An Acoustic Calibrator shall be used.
(c)
Windscreen
A windscreen shall be used in all outdoor measurements.
(3)
Measurement Location
(a)
Air-Borne Sound
For sound transmitted solely through air, the measurement location shall
be one or more of the following points of reception:
(i)
a location out-of-doors where a person may be exposed to the
sound; or
(ii)
the plane of an exterior door or window of a room in which a
person may be exposed to the sound, where the door or window
is open.
(4)
Use of Instrumentation
(a)
Battery Check
If the Integrating Sound Level Meter uses a battery, the condition of the
battery shall be checked before each measurement, and measurement
shall not commence unless the battery has sufficient life remaining to
permit proper operation for a period of at least one hour.
(b)
Calibration
The Integrating Sound Level Meter shall be calibrated before and after
each measurement period.
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(c)
Instrument Configuration
(i)
Reflective Surfaces
The microphone shall be located not less than 1 m above the
ground, not less than 1 m from any sound reflective surface
except for the purposes of subclause 4(3)(a)(ii) and not less than
arm's length from the body of the person operating the meter.
Not more than one person, other than the operator of the meter,
shall be within 7 m of the microphone and that person shall be
behind the operator of the meter. For the case of subclause
4(3)(a)(ii) the microphone shall be in the middle of the aperture
located not less than 15 cm from the window frame or door
frame.
(ii)
Microphone Orientation
The microphone shall be oriented such that the sound to
be measured is incident at an angle recommended by the
microphone manufacturer for flattest frequency response in a
free field.
(d)
Extraneous Sources
When measuring the sound from a source, integration shall
from time to time be inhibited by the operator immediately
when the received sound is dominated by sound from a source
other than the source under study and it shall remain inhibited
while such a condition persists and for at least 10 seconds
thereafter.
While
integration
is
inhibited
the
elapsed
time
used
to
calculate
the
equivalent
sound
level
shall
not
be
allowed to accumulate.
(e)
Timing
If the Integrating Sound Level Meter is not provided with an
internal
elapsed-time
clock,
the
operator
shall
accumulate
the elapsed time during the measurement period by means of a
stop-watch or other time measuring device.
(f)
Readings
(i)
Stationary Source
When measuring the sound from a stationary source,
measurements to be used in calculating results shall be taken
during a continuous period not in excess of one hour and, for
purposes of calculation and reporting of results, the accumulated
elapsed time of measurement as obtained in accordance with
clause (d) is deemed to be one hour if the accumulated time is
20 minutes or more.
Measurements containing information from an accumulated time
period of less than 20 minutes are insufficient for purposes of
calculating the equivalent sound level (Leq) of a stationary
source.
(ii)
Road Traffic Noise Sources
When measuring the sound from road traffic the accumulated
elapsed time obtained in accordance with clause (d) shall not be
less than twenty minutes and the actual accumulated elapsed
time of measurement shall be used for purposes of calculation.
(g)
Adjustments
Adjustments for quality of sound shall be made in accordance with
Publication NPC-104 - Sound Level Adjustments and the result reported.
No adjustment shall be made for intermittence.
(h)
Variation in Calibration
A measurement shall not be reported if the Integrating Sound Level
Meter calibration after the measurement period is more than 0.5 dB
different from that before the measurement commenced.
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(i)
Weather Conditions
(i)
Wind
Measurements shall not be made unless the wind-induced sound
level is more than 10 dB below the measured levels. Reference
should be made to Publication NPC-102-Instrumentation and
particularly Table 102-3.
(ii)
Humidity
Measurements shall not be taken if the relative humidity is above
the maximum for which the meter specification is guaranteed by
the manufacturer (normally 90%).
(iii )
Precipitation
Measurements shall not be taken during precipitation.
(iv)
Temperature
Measurements shall not be taken when the air temperature is
outside the range for which the specification of the instrument is
guaranteed by the manufacturer. (Normally, only the lower
temperature limit is significant.)
(j)
Readings Reported
(i)
For sound from a stationary source, the value to be reported
based on measurements made during the accumulated elapsed
time of 20 minutes or more and the time period for calculation
which is one hour is, after adjustment in accordance with clause
(g), the one hour equivalent sound level (Leq) of the sound under
study for any one hour period during which measurements were
taken pursuant to subclause 4(4)(f)(i).
(ii)
For sound from road traffic, the value to be reported based on
measurements made during the accumulated elapsed time of 20
minutes or more and the time period for calculation which is the
actual accumulated elapsed time, is the one hour equivalent
sound level (Leq) of the sound under study for any one hour
period during which measurements were taken pursuant to
subclause 4(4)(f)(ii).
(iii)
The one hour equivalent sound level (Leq) shall be reported to
the nearest decibel.
(5)
Documentation
The following represents the minimum information which shall be contained in a
report of an investigation where the above procedure was used. (Adapted from
CSA Z107.2-1973 Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels.)
(a)
Acoustic Environment
(i)
Location and description of sound sources.
(ii)
A list of the types of extraneous noise sources which caused
integration to be inhibited during measurement.
(iii)
Dimensioned sketch including photographs, if possible, of the
location of the sound source and the point of reception. showing
all buildings, trees, structures and any other sound reflective
surfaces.
(iv)
Physical and topographical description of the ground surface.
(v)
Meteorological conditions prevailing at the time of the
investigation including approximate local wind speed in km/h,
wind direction, air temperature in 0C, approximate relative
humidity and extent of cloud cover.
(b)
Instrumentation
All the equipment used for making sound level measurements shall be
listed, including:
(i)
type, model and serial number of Integrating Sound Level Meter;
(ii)
type, model and serial number of microphone;
(iii)
type, model and serial number of Acoustic Calibrator;
(iv)
extension cables and additional amplifier, if used.
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(c)
Acoustical Data
The measurement details shall be described, including:
(i)
the location of the microphone, using a sketch if necessary;
(ii)
the continuous time period of observation;
(iii)
the accumulated elapsed time of measurement following the
procedure of clauses 4(4)(d) and (e);
(iv)
the Integrating Sound Level Meter reading or output and any
other relevant data required for calculations;
(v)
adjustments made for quality of sound;
(vi)
details of all calculations;
(vii)
the equivalent sound levels obtained, preferably listed in tabular
form, referencing location on a sketch or map;
(viii)
comparison with applicable sound level limits, standards or
guidelines.
5.
Procedure for Measurement of Sound and Vibration Due to Blasting Operations
(1)
Application
This procedure applies to the measurement of sound (concussion) and vibration
due to blasting operations.
(2)
Sound
(a)
Instrumentation
(i)
Measuring Device
A Peak Pressure Level Detector shall be used.
(ii)
Calibrator
An Acoustic Calibrator shall be used.
(iii)
Windscreen
A windscreen shall be used in all outdoor measurements.
(b)
Measurement Location
The measurement location shall be at a point of reception out-of-doors
within 7 m of a building.
(c)
Use of Instrumentation
(i)
Battery Check
If the measuring device is battery powered, the condition of the
battery shall be checked after the device has been allowed to
warm up and stabilize and after each measurement has been
made.
The
device
shall not be used unless the battery condition is con-
firmed
to
be
within
the
range
recommended
by
the
manufacturer for proper operation.
(ii)
Calibration
The measuring device shall be calibrated after it has been
allowed to warm up and stabilize and after each measurement
has been made.
(iii)
Meter Setting
The measuring device shall be set to read the peak pressure
level using linear response and a 'hold' facility, if available.
(d)
Instrument Configuration
(i)
Reflective Surfaces
The microphone shall be located not less than 1 m above the
ground, not less than 1 m from any sound reflective surface and
not less than arm's length from the body of the person operating
the device. Not more than one person, other than the operator of
the meter, shall be within 7 m of the microphone and that person
shall be behind the operator of the meter.
(ii)
Microphone Orientation
The microphone shall be oriented such that the concussion wave
to be measured is incident at an angle recommended by the
microphone manufacturer for flattest frequency response in a
free field.
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(e)
Readings
(i)
Peak Pressure Level
The value of peak pressure level reported shall be given to the
nearest decibel.
(ii)
Variation in Calibration
A measurement shall not be reported if the meter calibration
after the measurement is more than 0.5 dB different from that
before the measurement.
(iii)
Battery Deterioration
A measurement shall not be reported if the battery condition after
the measurement is not within the range recommended by the
manufacturer for proper operation.
(f)
Weather Conditions
(i)
Wind Measurements shall not be reported unless the wind-
induced sound pressure level is more than 10 dB below the
measured peak pressure level. Reference should be made to
Publication NPC-102 - Instrumentation.
(ii)
Humidity
Measurements shall not be taken if the relative humidity is above
the maximum for which the meter specification is guaranteed by
the manufacturer (normally 90%).
(iii)
Precipitation
Measurements shall not be taken during precipitation.
(iv)
Temperature
Measurements shall not be taken when the air temperature is
outside the range for which the meter specification is guaranteed
by the manufacturer. (Normally only the lower temperature limit
is significant.)
(3)
Vibration
(a)
Instrumentation
(i)
Measuring Device
A Vibration Velocity Detector shall be used.
(ii)
Calibrator
An electrical reference signal of known voltage and frequency
shall be used in the field for calibration of the Vibration Velocity
Detector excluding the transducer. A reference vibration source
shall be used for laboratory calibration of the complete Vibration
Velocity Detector.
(b)
Measurement Location
Vibration measurements shall be made at a point of reception inside a
building below grade or less than 1 m above grade, preferably on a
basement floor close to an outside corner.
(c)
Use of Instrumentation
(i)
Battery Check
If the measuring device is battery powered, the condition of the
battery shall be checked after the device has been allowed to
warm up and stabilize and after each measurement has been
made. The device shall not be used unless the battery condition
is confirmed to be within the range recommended by the
manufacturer for proper operation.
(ii)
Calibration
Field calibration shall be carried out before and after each
measurement. Laboratory calibration of the complete Vibration
Velocity Detector as used in the field, including the transducer,
shall be carried out not less than once per calendar year and the
results certified
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(d)
Instrument Configuration
(i)
Mounting
The
transducer
shall
be
affixed
to
a
part
of
the
structure so as to prevent movement of the transducer
relative
to
the
structure.
The
preferred
structural
element is the basement floor as indicated in clause (b).
(ii)
Transducer Orientation
If three vector components of vibration velocity are recorded
individually, it is preferable to orient the transducers such that the
three axes of measurement are (a) vertical, (b) radial (along a
horizontal line joining the location of the blast to the location of
measurement) and. (c) transverse (along a horizontal line at right
angles to the line joining the location of the blast to the location
of measurement).
(e)
Readings
(i)
Peak Particle Velocity
The peak particle velocity in cm/s shall be reported.
(ii)
Variation in Calibration
A measurement shall not be reported if calibration after the
measurement is more than 5% different from that before the
measurement.
(iii)
Battery Deterioration
A measurement shall not be reported if the battery condition after
the measurement is not within the range recommended by the
manufacturer for proper operation.
(4)
Documentation
The following represents the minimum information which shall be contained in a
report of an investigation where the above procedure was used.
(a)
Description of Area
(i)
Location and description of the blasting operation.
(ii)
Dimensioned sketch including photographs, if possible, of the
location of the blasting operation, the nearest premises and the
measurement location.
(iii)
Description of the measurement location.
(iv)
Physical and topographical description of the ground surface.
(v)
Meteorological conditions at the time of the investigation,
including approximate wind speed in km/h, wind direction, air
temperature in degrees Celsius, approximate relative humidity,
degree of cloud cover and whether or not a condition of thermal
inversion prevailed.
(b)
Instrumentation
All the equipment used for making sound and vibration measurements
shall be listed, including:
(i)
type, model and serial number of Peak Pressure Level Detector;
(ii)
type, model and serial number of microphone;
(iii)
type. model and serial number of Acoustic Calibrator;
(iv)
windscreen;
(v)
extension cables and additional amplifiers, if used;
(vi)
type, model and serial number of Vibration Velocity Detector;
(vii)
type, model and serial number of transducers.
(viii)
type, model and serial number of vibration calibrator.
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(c)
Sound and Vibration Data
The measurement details shall be described, including:
(i)
the location where measurements were taken, the time period
involved and the orientation of instrumentation using a sketch, if
necessary;
(ii)
details of all calculations;
(iii)
the peak pressure level in dB and/or peak particle velocity in
cm/s;
(iv)
comparison with applicable peak pressure limits and/or peak
particle velocity limits.
6.
Exterior Sound Level Measurement Procedure For Powered Mobile Construction
Equipment - SAE J88a
SAE J88a Recommended Practice is adopted by the Ministry with the following change:
Where ANSI Type 1 sound level meter specification is referred to, reference shall be
made instead to Publication IEC-179 (1973) for Precision sound level meters. (General
Purpose Sound Level Meter)
7.
MEMAC Test Code For the Measurement of Sound From Pneumatic Equipment
The MEMAC Test Code For The Measurement Of Sound From Pneumatic Equipment is
adopted by the Ministry with the following additional requirement:
For measurement of percussive machines the sound level meter used shall meet the
specifications of IEC Publications 179 and 179A (1973). (lmpulse Sound Level Meter)
8.
Exterior Sound Level Measurement Procedure For Small Engine Powered Equipment -
SAE J 1046
SAE J 1046 -- Recommended Practice, is adopted by the Ministry with the following
changes:
(1)
Where ANSI Type 1 sound level meter specification is referred to, reference shall
be made instead to IEC Publications 179 and 179A (1973). (Impulse Sound
Level Meter)
(2)
Replace clause 3.1.1 with the following:
The minimum dimensions of the measurement zone are defined as a path of
travel 1.2 m wide by 14 m long plus an adjacent area having the base along the
edge of the path of travel and the apex 7 m from the midpoint of the base.
(3)
Replace Fig. 1 with Fig. 103-1, hereof.
(4)
In section 3.3 Measurements, all references to 25 ft. shall be changed to 7 m.
9.
Procedure for Measurement of the Maximum Exterior Sound Level of Stationary Trucks
with Governed Diesel Engines - CSA Z107.22-M1977
(1)
CSA Z107.22-M1977 standard is adopted by the Ministry with the following
change:
A General Purpose Sound Level Meter shall be used.
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REF. US EPA 550-9-74-011
R = 30 M MINIMUM
RADIUS
TEST SITE CONFIGURATION FOR EXTERIOR SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENT
PROCEDURE FOR SMALL ENGINE POWERED EQUIPMENT - SAE J 1046
FIG. 103-1
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PUBLICATION NPC-104 SOUND LEVEL ADJUSTMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
Technical Definitions
3.
Intermittence
4.
Adjustment for Special Quality of Sound
Table 104-1
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1.
Scope
This Publication refers to the adjustment of a sound level obtained following the
procedures set out in either section 3 or 4 of NPC-103 - Procedures.
2.
Technical Definitions
The technical terms used in this Publication are defined In Publication NPC-l0l -
Technical Definitions.
3.
Intermittence
If a sound is intermittent, the following adjustment shall be subtracted from the observed
value:
Adjustment - 10 log10 1
X where x is the fraction of an hour for which the sound persists.
Such sound level adjustments are approximated in Table 104-1.
4.
Adjustment for Special Quality of Sound
(1)
Tonality
If a sound has a pronounced audible tonal quality such as a whine, screech,
buzz, or hum then the observed value shall be increased by 5.
(2)
Cyclic Variations
If a sound has an audible cyclic variation in sound level such as beating or other
amplitude modulation then the observed value shall be increased by 5.
(3)
Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound
If a sound is Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound then the observed value shall be
increased by 10.
(4)
One Adjustment Only
An adjustment may be made under one only of subsections (1), (2) and (3),
providing that, if subsection (3) applies, it shall be used in preference to
subsection (1) or subsection (2).
TABLE 104-1
Adjustment for Intermittence
Duration of Sound In One Hour
(Minutes)
Adjustment
40 - 60
20 - 39
10 - 19
5 - 9
3 - 4
1--2
less than 1
0
3
6
9
12
15
20
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PUBLICATION NPC-115
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
Technical Definitions .
3.
Sound Emission Standards .
Table 115-1
Table 115-2
Table 115-3
Table 115-4
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1.
Scope
This Publication sets sound emission standards for various items of new construction
equipment according to the date of manufacture of the equipment.
2.
Technical Definitions
The technical terms used in this Publication are defined in Publication NPC-l01 -
Technical Definitions.
3.
Sound Emission Standards
Tables 115-1 to 115-4 inclusive list Residential Area sound emission standards and Quiet
Zone sound emission standards for specific items of new construction equipment
measured in accordance with the procedures indicated.
TABLE 115-1
Quiet Zone and Residential Area Sound Emission Standards for Excavation Equipment, Dozers,
Loaders, Backhoes or Other Equipment Capable of Being Used for Similar Application
Maximum Sound Level as determined using Publication NPC-103 - Procedures,
section 6
dBA
Power
Power
Rating
Rating
Date of Manufacture
Less than 75 kW
75 kW and larger
January 1, 1979 to
December 31, 1980
85
88
January 1, 1981 and after
83
85
TABLE 115-2
Sound Emission Standards for Pneumatic Pavement Breakers
Standard
Date of Manufacture
Maximum Sound Level as
measured using
Publication NPC-103 - Procedures,
section 7
dBA
Quiet Zone
Sound Emission Standard
Jan. 1, 1979 and after
85
Residential
Area
Sound
Emission Standard
Jan. 1, 1979 to Dec. 31
1980
Jan. 1, 1981 and after
90
85
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TABLE 115-3
Sound Emission Standards for Portable Air Compressors
Standard
Date of Manufacture
Maximum Sound Level as
measured using Publication
NPC-103 - Procedures,
section 7
Quiet Zone Sound Emission
Standard
Jan. 1, 1979 to Dec. 31, 1980
Jan. 1, 1981 and after
76
70
Residential Area Sound
Emission Standard
Jan. 1, 1979 and after
76
TABLE 115-4
Sound Emission Standard for Tracked Drills
Standard
Date of Manufacture
Maximum Sound Level as
measured using Publication
NPC-103 - Procedures,
section 6
dBA
Quiet Zone and Residential
Area Sound Emission Standard
Jan. 1, 1981 and after
100
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PUBLICATION NPC-117
DOMESTIC OUTDOOR POWER TOOLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
Technical Definitions
3.
Sound Emission Standards
Table 117-1
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1.
Scope
This Publication sets sound emission standards for various domestic outdoor power
tools.
2.
Technical Definitions
The technical terms used in this Publication are defined in Publication NPC-101 -
Technical Definitions.
3.
Sound Emission Standards
Table 117-1 lists sound emission standards for walk-behind powered lawn mowers
measured according to the procedure indicated in the Table.
TABLE 117-1
Sound Emission Standards for Walk-Behind Powered
Lawn Mowers
Date of Manufacture
Maximum Sound Level as Measured using
Publication NPC-103 - Procedures section 8
DBA
Jan. 1, 1979 to Dec. 31,
1980
73
Jan. 1, 1981 and after
69
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PUBLICATION NPC-118
MOTORIZED CONVEYANCES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
Technical Definitions
3.
Sound Emission Standards - Governed Diesel Engines
Table 118-1
4.
Sound Emission Standards - Gasoline Engines
Table 118-2
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1.
Scope
This Publication sets sound emission standards for motorized conveyances of various
types.
2.
Technical Definitions
(1)
The technical terms used in this Publication are defined in Publication NPC--101
- Technical Definitions.
(2)
Definitions Specific to this Publication Heavy Vehicle
"Heavy vehicle" means a motorized conveyance having a registered gross weight
of more than 4,500 kg.
3.
Sound Emission Standards -- Governed Diesel Engines
Table 118-1 lists for various years of manufacture, the sound emission standard for a
heavy vehicle powered by a governed diesel engine when measured in accordance with
the procedure set out in the Table.
TABLE 118-1
Sound Emission Standards for Heavy Vehicles
with Governed Diesel Engines
Date of Manufacture
Maximum Sound Level as Measured Using
Publication NPC-103 - Procedures, section 9
Prior to Jan. 1, 1979
100
Jan. 1, 1979 and after
95
4.
Sound Emission Standards -- Gasoline Engines
Table 118-2 lists, for various years of manufacture, the sound emission standard for a
heavy vehicle powered by an ungoverned gasoline engine, when measured in
accordance with the procedure set out in the Table.
TABLE 118-2
UNDER PREPARATION
Date of Manufacture
Maximum Sound Level as Measured Using
Publication NPC-103 - Procedures, section
9
Jan. 1, 1979
Jan. 1, 1979 and after
100
95
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PUBLICATION NPC-119
BLASTING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
Technical Definitions
3.
Measurement Procedures
4.
Concussion - Cautionary Limit
5.
Concussion - Peak Pressure Level Limit
6.
Vibration - Cautionary Limit
7.
Vibration - Peak Particle Velocity Limit
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1.
Scope
This Publication refers to limits on sound (concussion) and vibration due to blasting
operations.
2.
Technical Definitions
The technical terms used in this Publication are defined in Publication NPC-101 -
Technical Definitions.
3.
Measurement Procedures
All measurements of peak pressure level and vibration velocity shall be made in
accordance with the "Procedure for Measurement of Sound and Vibration due to Blasting
Operations" set out in Publication NPC-103 - Procedures, section 5.
4.
Concussion - Cautionary Limit
Subject to section 5 the peak pressure level limit for concussion resulting from blasting
operations in a mine or quarry is 120 dB.
5.
Concussion - Peak Pressure Level Limit
If the person in charge of a blasting operation carries out routine monitoring of the peak
pressure level, the peak pressure level limit for concussion resulting from blasting
operations in a mine or quarry is 128 dB.
6.
Vibration - Cautionary Limit
Subject to section 7 the peak particle velocity limit for vibration resulting from blasting
operations in a mine or quarry is 1.00 cm/s.
7.
Vibration - Peak Particle Velocity Limit
If the person in charge, of a blasting operation carries out routine monitoring of the
vibration the peak particle velocity limit for vibration resulting from blasting operations in a
mine or quarry is 1.25 cm/s.
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PUBLICATION NPC-205
SOUND LEVEL LIMITS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES IN
CLASS 1 & 2 AREAS (URBAN)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
References
3.
Technical Definitions
4.
Establishment of Limits - Objective
5.
Background Sound Levels
6.
Sound Levels due to Stationary Sources
(1)
Complaint Investigation of Stationary Sources
(2)
Approval of Stationary Sources
7.
Procedures
8.
Sound Level Limits - General
9.
Sound Level Limits - Specific Impulsive Sounds
10.
Sound Level Limits - Pest Control Devices
11.
Prohibition - Pest Control Devices
12.
Pre-emption
13.
Exclusion
TABLE 205-1
ANNEX
A.1.
General
A.2.
Application
A.3.
Stationary Sources
(1)
Included Sources
(2)
Excluded Sources
A.4.
Predictable Worst Case Impact
A.5.
Definitions
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1.
Scope
This Publication establishes sound level limits for stationary sources such as industrial
and commercial establishments or ancillary transportation facilities, affecting points of
reception in Class 1 and 2 Areas (Urban). The limits apply to noise complaint
investigations carried out in order to determine potential violation of section 14 of the
Environmental Protection Act. The limits also apply to the assessment of planned
stationary sources of sound in compliance with Section 9 of the Environmental Protection
Act and under the provisions of the Aggregate Resources Act and the Environmental
Assessment Act.
This Publication does not address sound and vibration produced by blasting: blasting in
quarries and surface mines are considered in Reference [7].
This Publication includes an Annex, which provides additional details, definitions and
rationale for the sound level limits.
2.
References
Reference is made to the following publications:
[1]
NPC-101 - Technical Definitions
[2]
NPC-102 - Instrumentation
[3]
NPC-103 - Procedures
[4]
NPC-104 - Sound Level Adjustments
[6]
NPC-206 - Sound Levels due to Road Traffic
[7]
NPC-119 - Blasting
[8]
NPC-216 - Residential Air Conditioning Devices
[9]
NPC-232 - Sound Level Limits for Stationary Sources in Class 3 Areas
(Rural)
[10]
NPC-233 - Information to be Submitted for Approval of Stationary Sources of
Sound
[12]
ORNAMENT, Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Environment and
Transportation. Technical Document, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, ISBN
0-7729-6376, 1989
References [1] to [4] and [7] can be found in the Mode1 Municipal Noise Control
By-Law, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Final Report, August, 1978.
3.
Technical Definitions
"Ambient sound level" means Background sound level.
"Background sound level" is the sound level that is present in the environment, produced
by noise sources other than the source under impact assessment. Highly intrusive short
duration noise caused by a source such as an aircraft fly-over or a train pass-by is
excluded from the determination of the background sound level.
"Class 1 Area" means an area with an acoustical environment typical of a major
population center, where the background noise is dominated by the urban hum.
"Class 2 Area" means an area with an acoustical environment that has qualities
representative of both Class 1 and Class 3 Areas, and in which a low ambient sound
level, normally occurring only between 23:00 and 07:00 hours in Class 1 Areas, will
typically be realized as early as 19:00 hours.
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Other characteristics which may indicate the presence of a Class 2 Area include:
absence of urban hum between 19:00 and 23:00 hours;
evening background sound level defined by natural environment and
infrequent human activity; and
no clearly audible sound from stationary sources other than from those
under impact assessment.
"Class 3 Area" means a rural area with an acoustical environment that is dominated by
natural sounds having little or no road traffic, such as the following:
a small community with less than 1000 population:
agricultural area;
a rural recreational area such as a cottage or a resort area; or
a wilderness area.
Other technical terms are defined in Reference [1] and in the Annex to Publication NPC-
205.
4.
Establishment of Limits - Objective
The sound level limit at a point of reception must be established based on the principle of
"predictable worst case" noise impact. In general, the limit is given by the background
sound level at the point of reception. The sound level limit must represent the minimum
background sound level that occurs or is likely to occur during the operation of the
stationary source under impact assessment.
5.
Background Sound Levels
The time interval between the background sound level measurement and the
measurement of the sound level produced by the stationary source under impact
assessment should be minimized as much as possible. Preferably, the two
measurements should be carried out within one hour of each other.
6.
Sound Levels due to Stationary Sources
(1)
Complaint Investigation of Stationary Sources
The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) and/or the Logarithmic Mean
Impulse Sound Level (LLM) produced by the stationary sources shall be obtained
by measurement performed in accordance with Section 7.
(2)
Approval of Stationary Sources
The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) and/or the Logarithmic Mean
impulse Sound Level (LLM) produced by the stationary sources shall be obtained
by measurement or prediction. The estimation of the Leq and/or LLM of the
stationary source under impact assessment shall reflect the principle of
"predictable worst case" noise impact. The "predictable worst case" noise impact
occurs during the hour when the difference between the predicted sound level
produced by the stationary source and the background sound level of the natural
environment is at a maximum.
7.
Procedures
All sound level measurements and calculations shall be made in accordance with
References [3] [6] and [12].
Sound from existing adjacent stationary sources may be included in the determination of
the background One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) it such stationary sources of
sound are not under consideration for noise abatement by the Municipality or the Ministry
of Environment and Energy.
8.
Sound Level Limits - General
(1)
For impulsive sound, other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound, from a
stationary source, the sound level limit expressed in terms of the Logarithmic
Mean Impulse Sound Level (LLM) is the background One Hour Equivalent Sound
Level (Leq) typically caused by road traffic as obtained pursuant to Section 6 for
that point of reception.
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(2)
For sound from a stationary source, including Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound but
not including other impulsive sound the sound level limit expressed in terms of
the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) is the background One Hour
Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) typically caused by road traffic as obtained
pursuant to Section 6 for that point of reception.
9.
Sound Level Limits - Specific Impulsive Sounds
(1)
For impulsive sound other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound, from a stationary
source which is an industrial metal working operation (including but not limited to
forging, hammering. punching, stamping, cutting, forming and moulding), the
sound level limit at a point of reception expressed in terms of the Logarithmic
Mean Impulse Sound Level (LLM) is 60 dBAI, if the stationary source were
operating before January 1, 1980, and otherwise is 50 dBAI.
(2)
For impulsive sound, other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound, from a
stationary source which is the discharge of firearms on the premises of a
licensed gun club, the sound level limit at a point of reception expressed in terms
of the Logarithmic Mean impulse Sound Level (LLM) is:
70 dBAI if the gun club were operating before January 1, 1980;
or
50 dBAI if the gun club began to operate after January 1, 1980;
or
the LLM prior to expansion, alteration or conversion.
(3)
For impulsive sound, other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound, from a
stationary source which is not a blasting operation in a surface mine or quarry,
characterized by impulses which are so infrequent that they cannot normally be
measured using the procedure for frequent impulses of Reference [3] the sound
level limit at a point of reception expressed in terms of the impulse sound level is
100 dBAI.
10.
Sound Level Limits - Pest Control Devices
(1)
For impulsive sound, other than Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound, from a pest
control device employed solely to protect growing crops, the sound level limit at a
point of reception expressed in terms of the Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound
Level (LLM) is 70 dBAI.
(2)
For sound including Quasi-Steady Impulsive Sound but not including other
impulsive sound from a pest control device employed solely to protect growing
crops, the sound level limit at a point of reception expressed in terms of the One
Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) is 60 dBA.
11.
Prohibition - Pest Control Devices
The operation of a pest control device employed solely to protect growing crops outdoors
during the hours of darkness, sunset to sunrise, is prohibited.
12.
Pre-emption
The least restrictive sound level limit of Sections 8, 9 and 10 applies.
13.
Exclusion
No restrictions apply to a stationary source resulting in a One Hour Equivalent Sound
Level (Leq) or a Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level (LLM) lower than the minimum
values for that time period as specified in Table 205-1.
TABLE 205-1
Minimum Values for One Hour
Leq or LLM by Time of Day
One Hour Leq or LLM (dBAI)
Time of Day
Class 1 Area
Class 2 Area
0700 - 1900
50
50
1900 - 2300
47
45
2300 - 0700
45
45
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ANNEX
SOUND LEVEL LIMITS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
IN CLASS 1 & 2 AREAS (URBAN)
A.1.
General
In general, noises are annoying because they are heard over and above the level of the
so-called "background" or surrounding environmental noise climate at a particular
location. The standard for environmental noise acceptability of stationary sources is
therefore expressed as the difference between noise from the source and the
background noise.
The background noise is essentially made up of the road traffic noise, which creates an
"urban hum". It may also include contributions from existing industry or commercial
activity adjacent to the stationary source under investigation. Contributions of these
secondary noise sources are considered to be a part of urban hum and may be included
in the measurements or calculation of the background sound levels provided that they are
not under consideration for noise abatement by the Municipality or the Ministry of
Environment and Energy.
The sound level limits specified in Section 8 of Publication NPC-205 represent the
general limitation on noise produced by stationary sources. Some noises, however, are
annoying no matter where or in what kind of environment they exist. High level impulsive
noises represent a special category and consequently, are restricted by an absolute
limitation. Sections 9 and 10 of this Publication provide criteria of acceptability for specific
impulsive noise sources.
A.2.
Application
The limits presented in Publication NPC-2O5 are designed for the control of noise from
sources located in industrial, commercial or residential areas. The limits apply to points of
reception located in Class 1 and Class 2 Areas.
Sound level limits contained in Publication NPC-205 do not apply to the excluded noise
sources listed in Section A.3.(2) and neither do they apply to any equipment, apparatus
or device used in agriculture for food crop seeding, chemical spraying or harvesting. In
addition, several specific noise sources have been addressed in separate Publications.
Limits for residential air conditioners are contained in Publication NPC-216 - Residential
Air Conditioning Devices, Reference [8] and the limits for blasting operations in quarries
and surface mines are contained in Publication NPC-l 19 - Blasting, Reference [7].
A.3.
Stationary Sources
The objective of the definition of a stationary source of sound is to address sources such
as industrial and commercial establishments or ancillary transportation facilities. In order
to further clarify the scope of the definition, the following list identifies examples of
installations, equipment, activities or facilities that are included and those that are
excluded as stationary sources.
(1)
Included Sources
Individual stationary sources such as:
Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment;
Rotating machinery;
Impacting mechanical sources;
Generators;
Burners;
Grain dryers.
Facilities usually comprising many sources of sound. In this case, the stationary
source is understood to encompass all its activities taking place within the
property boundary of the facility. The following are examples of such facilities:
Industrial facilities;
Commercial facilities;
Ancillary transportation facilities;
Aggregate extraction facilities;
Warehousing facilities;
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Maintenance and repair facilities;
Snow disposal sites;
Routine loading and unloading facilities (supermarkets, assembly plants,
etc.).
Other sources such as:
Car washes;
Race tracks;
Firearm Ranges.
(2)
Excluded Sources
Specific sources or facilities:
Construction activities;
Transportation corridors, i.e. roadways and railways;
Residential air conditioning devices including air conditioners and hear
pumps; Gas stations;
Auditory warning devices required or authorized by law or in accordance
with goods safety practices;
Occasional movement of vehicles on the property such as infrequent
delivery of goods to convenience stores, fast food restaurants, etc.
Other noise sources, normally addressed in a qualitative manner in municipal
noise by-laws:
The operation of auditory signaling devices, including but not limited so
the ringing of bells or gongs and the blowing of horns or sirens or
whistles, or the production, reproduction or amplification of any similar
sounds by electronic means;
Noise produced by animals kept as domestic pets such as dogs barking;
Tools and devices used by occupants for domestic purposes such as
domestic power tools, radios and televisions, etc., or activities associated
with domestic situations such as domestic quarrels, noisy parties etc;
Noise resulting from gathering of people at facilities such as restaurants
and parks.
Activities related go essential service and maintenance of public facilities
such as but not limited to roadways, parks and sewers, including snow
removal, road cleaning, road repair and maintenance, lawn mowing and
maintenance, sewage removal, garbage collection, etc.
A.4
Predictable Worst Case Impact
The assessment of noise impact requires the determination of the "predictable worst
case" impact. The "predictable worst case" impact assessment should establish the
largest noise excess produced by the source over the applicable limit. The assessment
should reflect a planned and predictable mode of operation of the stationary source.
It is important to emphasize that the "predictable worst case" impact does not necessarily
mean that the sound level of the source is highest; it means that the excess over the limit
is largest. For example, the excess over the applicable limit at night may be larger even if
the day-time sound level produced by the source is higher.
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A.5
Definitions
In the interpretation of Publication NPC-205, the following definitions are of particular
relevance:
Ancillary Transportation Facilities
"Ancillary transportation facilities" mean subsidiary locations where
operations and activities associated with the housing of transportation
equipment
(or
personnel)
take
place.
Examples
of
ancillary
transportation facilities include, but are not limited to, substations, vehicle
storage arid maintenance facilities, fans, fan and vent shafts, mechanical
equipment plants, emergency services buildings, etc.
Construction
"Construction"
includes
erection,
alteration,
repair,
dismantling,
demolition, structural maintenance, painting, moving, land clearing, earth
moving, grading, excavating, the laying of pipe and conduit whether
above or below ground level, street and highway building, concreting,
equipment installation and alteration and the structural installation of
construction components and materials in any form or for any purpose,
and includes any work in connection therewith; "construction" excludes
activities associated with the operation at waste and snow disposal sites;
Construction Equipment
Construction equipment means any equipment or device designed and
intended for use in construction, or material handling including but not
limited to, air compressors, pile drivers, pneumatic or hydraulic tools,
bulldozers, tractors, excavators, trenchers, cranes, derricks, loaders,
scrapers, payers, generators, off-highway haulers or trucks, ditchers,
compactors and rollers, pumps, concrete mixers, graders, or other
material handling equipment;
Conveyance
"Conveyance" includes a vehicle and any other device employed to
transport a person or persons or goods from place to place but does not
include any such device or vehicle if operated only within the premises of
a person;
Highway
"Highway" includes a common and public highway, street, avenue,
parkway, driveway, square, place, bridge, viaduct or trestle designed and
intended for, or used by the general public for the passage of vehicles;
Motor Vehicle
"Motor vehicle" includes an automobile, motorcycle and any other vehicle
propelled or driven otherwise than by muscular power, but does not
include the cars of diesel, electric or steam railways, or other motor
vehicles running only upon rails, or a motorized snow vehicle, traction
engine, farm tractor, self-propelled implement of husbandry or road-
building machine within the meaning of the Highway Traffic Act;
Motorized Conveyance
"Motorized conveyance" means a conveyance propelled or driven
otherwise than by muscular, gravitational or wind power:
Noise
"Noise" means unwanted sound;
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Point of Reception
"Point of reception" means any point on the premises of a person where
sound or vibration originating from other than those premises as
received.
For the purpose of approval of new sources, including verifying
compliance with Section 9 of the Environmental Protection Act, the point
of reception may be located on any of the following existing or zoned for
future use premises: permanent or seasonal residences, hotels/motels,
nursing/retirement homes, rental residences, hospitals, camp grounds,
and noise sensitive buildings such as schools and places of worship.
For
equipment/facilities
proposed
on
premises
such
as
nursing/retirement homes, rental residences, hospitals, and schools, the
point of reception may be located on the same premises.
Stationary Source
"Stationary source" and a source of sound which does not normally move
from place to place and includes the premises of a person as one
stationary source, unless the dominant source of sound on those
premises is construction or a conveyance.
Urban Hum
Means aggregate sound of many unidentifiable, mostly road traffic
related noise sources.
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PUBLICATION NPC-206
SOUND LEVELS DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope
2.
Reference
3.
Technical Definitions
4.
Sound Levels due to Road Traffic
(1)
Complaint Investigation of Stationary Sources
(2)
Approval of Stationary Sources
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1.
Scope
This Publication describes the methods to determine the One Hour Equivalent Sound
Level (Leq) of sound caused by road traffic. The road traffic sound level is used to define
sound level limits for the purposes of complaint investigation or approval of stationary
sources of sound.
The methods apply at a point of reception in any community where the background
sound level is dominated by the sound of road traffic, referred to as "urban hum". Highly
intrusive short duration noise caused by a source such as an aircraft fly-over or a train
pass-by is excluded from the determination of this background sound level.
2.
References
Reference is made to the following publications:
[1]
NPC-101 - Technical Definitions
[2]
NPC-102 - Instrumentation
[3]
NPC-103 - Procedures
[5]
NPC-205 - Sound Level Limits for Stationary Sources in Class I & 2
Areas (Urban)
[11]
ORNAMENT, Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Environment and
Transportation,
Technical
Document,
Ontario
Ministry
of
the
Environment, ISBN 0-7729-6376, 1989
References [1] to [3] can be found in the Model Municipal Noise Control By-Law, Ontario
Ministry of the Environment, Final Report, August 1978.
3.
Technical Definitions
"Ambient sound level" means Background sound level;
"Background sound level" is the sound level that is present in the environment,
produced by noise sources other than the source under impact assessment. Highly
intrusive short duration noise caused by a source such as an aircraft fly-over or a train
pass-by is excluded from the determination of the background sound level;
Other technical terms are defined in Reference [1].
4.
Sound Levels due to Road Traffic
Depending on the application, the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road traffic
shall be obtained either by measurement or by calculation. The following procedures
shall be used for complaint investigation and for the approval of stationary sources:
(1)
Complaint Investigation of Stationary Sources
The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road traffic may be measured or
calculated. Measurements of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road
traffic shall be carried out using instrumentation described in Reference [2],
following procedures for the measurement of varying sound described in
Reference [3].
The results of the road traffic Leq measurements must not be affected by the
sound due to other noise sources; the measurements should be performed when
the stationary source under impact assessment is not operating. The time
interval between the road traffic Leq measurements and the measurement of the
sound level produced by the stationary source under impact assessment should
be minimized as much as possible. Preferably, the two measurements should be
carried out within one hour of each other.
The calculation of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road traffic shall
be based on the traffic flows observed on the contributing road(s), from which
traffic noise is audible at the point of reception, within one hour of the period
when the sound from the stationary source is measured. The calculation
procedure is described in Reference [11].
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(2)
Approval of Stationary Sources
Measurements of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road traffic shall
be carried out following procedures for the measurement of varying sound
described in Reference [3].
Results of the measurement of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of
road traffic shall reflect the principle of "predictable worst case" noise impact.
The "predictable worse case" noise impact occurs during the hour when the
difference between the sound level produced by the stationary source under
impact assessment and the sound level due to road traffic is largest.
The One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road traffic may be calculated on
the basis of traffic flows observed on the contributing road(s), from which traffic
noise is audible at the point of reception. The results of calculation of the One
Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road traffic shall reflect the principle of
"predictable worse case" noise impact. The calculation procedure is described in
Reference [11].
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PUBLICATION NPC-216
RESIDENTIAL AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Scope ...................................................................................... 1
2.
Reference ................................................................................. 1
3.
Technical Definitions ................................................................... 1
4.
Sound Levels Limits for Air Conditioning Devices.............................. 2
(1)
General Sound Level Limits................................................. 2
(2)
Establishment of General Sound Level Limit........................... 2
(3)
Specific Sound Level Limits................................................ 3
5.
Sound Levels from Installed Air Conditioning Devices
Table 216-3
Table 216-4
ANNEX
A.1.
Sound Level Measurements - Summary
A.2.
Sound Level Limits
A.3.
Complaint Investigation
A.4.
Installation of Air Conditioning Devices
A.5.
Sound Emission Standards
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1.
Scope
This Publication sets sound level limits and sound emission standards for residential air
conditioning devices including heat pumps installed in urban areas of Ontario.
2.
References
Reference is made to the following publications, or revisions thereof:
[1]
NPC-101 - Technical Definitions
[2]
NPC-102 - Instrumentation
[3]
NPC-103 - Procedures
[4]
NPC-104 - Sound Level Adjustments
[6]
NPC-206 - Sound Levels due to Road Traffic
[10]
ORNAMENT, Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Environment and
Transportation Technical Document, Ontario Ministry of the Environment,
ISBN 0-7729-6376 (1989).
[12]
Survey of Outdoor Air Conditioner Noise, Final Report, RAC Report
#458G, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, ISBN 0-7729-9094-8
(1991).
[13]
Environmental Noise Guidelines for the Installation of Residential Air
Conditioning Devices, Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, ISBN
0-7778-1616-4 (1994).
[14]
ARI* Standard 270-84. Sound Rating of Outdoor Unitary Equipment.
[15]
ARI*1 Standard 275-84. Application of Sound Rated Outdoor Unitary
Equipment.
[16]
ANSI Standard S12.32 - 1990, Discrete-Frequency and Narrow-Band
Noise Sources in Reverberation Rooms, Precision Methods for the
Determination of Sound Power Levels.
References [1] to [6] are also part of the Model Municipal Noise Control By-Law, Ontario
Ministry of the Environment.
3.
Technical Definitions
"Ambient sound level" is the sound level that is present in the environment, produced by
noise sources other than the source under impact assessment. See Background sound
level;
"Background sound level" means Ambient sound level;
"Class 1 Area" means an area with an acoustical environment typical of a major
population centre, where the background noise is dominated by the urban hum.
"Class 2 Area" means an area with an acoustical environment that has qualities
representative of both Class 1 and Class 3 Areas, and in which a low ambient
sound level, normally occurring only between 23:00 and 07:00 hours in Class 1
Areas, will typically be realized as early as 19:00 hours.
Other characteristics which may indicate the presence of a Class 2 Area include:
absence of urban hum between 19:00 and 23:00 hours;
ambient sound level is defined by natural environment and infrequent
human activity; and
no clearly audible sound from stationary sources* other than from
those under consideration.
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"Class 3 Area" means an area with an acoustical environment that is dominated
by natural sounds typical of agricultural or wilderness areas and having little or
no road traffic, such as the following:
a small community with less than 1000 population;
farm land or land zoned rural or agricultural;
a rural recreational area such as a cottage or a resort area; or
a wilderness area.
4.
Sound Level Limits for Air Conditioning Devices
Either the general sound level limit in Section 4.(l) or the specific sound level limit in
Section 4.(3) shall apply to an air conditioning device. The less restrictive of these two
limits shall prevail.
(1)
General Sound Level Limit
The general sound level limit (shown in Table 216-1 and determined in
accordance with Section 4.(2)) is 5 dBA greater than a one hour equivalent
sound level (Leq) caused by road traffic at the point of reception during the period
of 07:00 to 21:00 hours. The specific hour is to be determined by the noise
control officer based on the assessment of annoyance by the complainant.
TABLE 216-1
GENERAL SOUND LEVEL LIMIT
All Air Conditioning Devices
Area Type
Leq (dBA)
Class 1
and
Class 2
One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) of road
traffic plus 5 dBA measured during the period of
07:00 to 21:00 hours
(2)
Establishment of the General Sound Level Limit
The general sound level limit shall be established through measurements or
calculation of the One Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) caused by road traffic
as obtained pursuant to Reference (6) at the point of reception.
(3)
Specific Sound Level Limits
Specific sound level limits are identified in Table 216-2 for two types of residential
air conditioning devices as minimum limits of compliance.
SPECIFIC SOUND LEVEL LIMITS
Central Air Conditioning Devices
Area Type
One Hour
Leq (dBA)
Class 2
45
Class 1
50*
Window or Through-the-Wall Air Conditioning Devices
Area Type
One Hour
Leq (dBA)
Class 2
45
Class 1
50
*
when the devices are mandatory requirements for noise control in the interior living
spaces of new land use developments, the specific sound level limit is one hour Leq = 55
dBA.
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5.
Sound Levels from Installed Air Conditioning Devices
To determine if an installed air conditioning device complies with the sound level limits,
the sound level due to the device must be measured following the procedure described in
Reference (3).
The procedure assumes that the measured sound is dominated by the source under
investigation (air conditioning device). To ensure that the measured sound is dominated
by the air conditioning device, sound level measurements must be carried out separately
with, and without the device in operation.
The measurement of the background sound level, i.e. without the air conditioning device
operating, is carried out in accordance with the procedure described in Reference (3).
If the change in sound level measured separately with, and without the air conditioning
device operating is less than 10 dBA, a correction shall be made to determine the
contribution of the existing background sound levels to the overall measured sound level.
Table 216-3 provides correction values and an example of the calculation.
TABLE 216-3
PROCEDURE RECOMMENDED TO SEPARATE THE SOUND LEVEL OF AN AIR
CONDITIONING DEVICE FROM THE BACKGROUND SOUND LEVEL
Change in dBA of Sound
Level With and Without Unit
in Operation
Correction in dBA to be Subtracted
from Higher Sound Level
to Obtain Sound Level from Device
10 or more
0
7 to 9
1
4 to 6
2
3
3
2
4
1
6
0
10
Example: Sound Level without unit in operation = 45 dBA
Sound Level with unit in operation = 50 dBA
Change = 5 dBA
Correction from Table = 2 dBA
Unit Sound Level = 50 - 2 = 48 dBA
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TABLE 216-4
SOUND EMISION STANDARDS FOR
RESIDENTIAL CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES
Date of Manufacture
Size (BTUH)
Maximum ARI Standard*
Sound Rating (bels)
After 1990-12-31 and Before
1992-01-01
38,900 or less
8.0
After 1991-12-31 and Before
1995-01-01
38,900 or less
7.6
After 1994-12-31
38,900 or less
(under discussion with the
industry to assess the
feasibility or reduction.)
BTUH = British Thermal Unit for an Hour
*Measurement procedure as per Reference (14).
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ANNEX
EXPLANATORY NOTES TO PUBLICATION NPC-216
RESIDENTIAL AIR CONDITIONING DEVICES
A.l.
Sound Level Measurements - Summary
Verification of compliance of the air conditioner and heat pump units with the sound level
limits can be accomplished through measurements using a properly calibrated sound
level meter, which meets the required standard specifications.
Details of the instrument specifications are included in Reference [2].
The measurements shall be performed outdoors at a sensitive location on neighbouring
residential property in the vicinity of the air conditioning device, where the sound of the
device may cause annoyance. Typically this would be a patio or a window.
The measurements may also be required at a point of reception in the plane of an open
window facing the unit to ensure that the sound level at noise sensitive indoor spaces in a
neighbouring residence is not in excess of the guideline limits. Details of the
measurement procedure are included in Reference [3].
A.2.
Sound Level Limits
People's response to noise varies depending upon the community, as well as the
individual's economic and social relationship to the source. The sound level limits for air
conditioner and heat pump noise were established based on the results of sociological
surveys of large numbers of people and represent what is considered to be the onset of
significant degradation of the noise environment relative to the expectations of the
general population.
The sound level limits are receptor oriented, i.e. they apply at any noise sensitive location
within a Class 2 or Class 1 Area (as defined in NPC-216) at which sound from the air
conditioning device may cause annoyance.
The specific limits shown in Table 216-2 are expressed in terms of the one hour
equivalent sound level Leq, and apply to receptor locations in Class 1 and Class 2 Area.
A separate limit applies to those receptor locations in Class 1 Area where the unit was a
mandatory requirement for noise control of the interior living space in new land use
developments.
A pre-emption in the form of a general limit applies in an area of a relatively high
background noise caused by road traffic as shown in Table 216-1. In accordance with
this pre-emption, the existing background sound level, if higher than the limits in Table
216-2, represents the criterion of acceptability for the air conditioning device operation.
In addition, the general limits are increased by 5 dBA for any hour from 07:00 to 21:00
hours. The period of assessment was chosen in accordance with the findings of a
sociological survey conducted in 1990, Reference [12].
A.3.
Complaint Investigation
Investigators of a complaint against installed air conditioning devices must carry out
sound level measurements at the receptor location(s). The measurements are to be
made in accordance with methods identified in Section A.1. The operating sound of the
air conditioning device and the background sound consisting of the road traffic noise
must be measured at the same location, separately. While the background sound level is
measured the air conditioning device must be turned off. Contributions from aircraft and
rail noise sources must be inhibited at all times. Unattended measurements are not
recommended. Atmospheric conditions may have significant influence on the ambient
sound levels, for details see Reference [3].
The sound level of an installed air conditioning device may be calculated from the sound
levels measured with the device operating (device plus background noise) and without it
operating (background only). The procedure is described in Section 5. A correction
value is determined between these two sound levels. Subtracting this correction from the
higher sound level (measured with the device in operation) gives the sound level due to
the air conditioning device itself. See Table 216-3.
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Determination of the road traffic sound level is to be made by the noise control officer
based on the assessment of the annoyance by the complainant(s). The time of highest
annoyance within the time period of 07:00 to 21:00 is to fall in the selected one hour of
the road traffic noise.
A.4.
Installation of Air Conditioning Devices
Purchasers and installers of air conditioning devices have to be cognizant of the MOEE
guideline on the Sound Emission Standards listed in Table 216-4. Further explanation of
the standards is provided in Section A.5. Only units meeting the requirements of Table
216-4 may be installed in Ontario.
For guidance on the selection, location or sound rating of the air conditioning devices or
for the method to estimate the sound levels, installers should refer to Reference [13].
Installation of units that are in compliance with the sound emission standard must also be
in compliance with the point of reception sound level limits, i.e. complying with the least
restrictive sound level limit of Tables 216-1 and 216-2.
If the calculated sound level of the unit is in excess of the specific sound level limit (Table
216-2), the general sound level limit is to be determined. If both limits are exceeded by
the calculated levels then alteration is needed in one or more of the following: the size or
make of unit, its location or the type of noise reducing installation treatment (use of
barrier or enclosure).
Owners of installed units producing a sound level in excess of the sound level limits will
be required to reduce the noise of the unit, when faced with complaints.
Noise abatement is more expensive and less cost effective than a proper installation.
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A.5.
Sound Emission Standards
In contrast to the sound level limits which apply at the point of reception, sound emission
standards are source oriented, and are based on the concept of sound power level which
is a basic measure of the acoustic output of a noise source.
The sound level of the air conditioner or heat pump at a receptor location depends on
many factors such as distance separation, unit's orientation with respect to the receptor,
presence of shielding objects or structures, intervening terrain, topography and ground
cover between the unit and receptor, as well as on atmospheric conditions, all of which
are independent of the actual sound emission of the unit.
Sound power on the other hand is a fundamental property of the acoustic source alone
and is, therefore, an important absolute parameter which is widely used for rating and
comparing sound sources.
The rating of air conditioner and heat pump equipment is designated as the ARI Sound
Rating (SR*) and is provided by the manufacturer of the device.
The Sound Rating is based on laboratory tests performed at Standard Rating conditions
in accordance with References (14) and (16). The SR is an indicator of the sound power
level of the equipment; the lower the SR, the lower the sound power of the air conditioner
or heat pump.
Sound Emission Standards in Table 216-4 apply to central air conditioning devices only
and not for window or through-the-wall units.
The maximum acceptable ARI Standard Sound Ratings shown in Table 216-4 are set in
accordance with the date of manufacture. Two Sound Emission Standards, 8.0 and 7.6
bels are specified for air conditioner and heat pump units manufactured during 1991, and
during 1992 through 1994 respectively. The Sound Emission Standard applies to units
that are sized at 38,900 BTUH capacity or less. The emission limits projected after 1994
are under discussion with the industry to assess the feasibility of reduction.
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AMENDMENTS TO BY-LAW 2006-140
Amending By-law
Date of By-law
By-law 2012-038
Section 6.3.0 and 6.4.0
February 13, 2012