{
 "answer": "In the City of Cornwall, Ontario, trees & tree removal rules are set by City of Cornwall Temporary Tree Protection By-law 2024-012, verified 2026-10-28. Fines: Not more than $100,000; continuing offence: not exceed $10,000.00 per day; director/officer: not exceeding $100,000.00 for each offence.",
 "municipality_id": "gx-001478",
 "municipality": "Cornwall",
 "status_type": "City",
 "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
 "country": "CA",
 "topic": "trees",
 "label": "Trees & tree removal",
 "status": "found",
 "last_verified": "2026-10-28",
 "official_website": "https://cornwall.ca",
 "documents": [
  {
   "primary": true,
   "is_official": true,
   "title": "City of Cornwall Temporary Tree Protection By-law 2024-012",
   "category": "trees",
   "document_type": "bylaw",
   "status": "adopted",
   "adopted_date": "2024-02-13",
   "document_url": "https://pub-cornwall.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=13199",
   "summary": "Woodlot protection: s.3.1 bans Tree Clearing, i.e. removing 10% or more of trees, in any woodlot of at least 0.45 ha with at least 40% canopy cover. Exemptions in s.4 include building-permit work within 5 m of the structure, normal farm practice and Planning Act approvals. Fines up to $100,000 (s.6); stop-work orders under s.5.",
   "document_number": "2024-012",
   "notes": "Adopted temporary instrument, not a draft. January 2026 council recap confirms it remained in use while a permanent framework was being developed.",
   "discovered_by": "thin-cities",
   "discovered_at": "2026-10-25",
   "captured_at": "2026-10-26T01:29:55+00:00",
   "capture_http_status": 200,
   "capture_sha256": "5fb446cba659742f1e9509ca1dd9f651ceef419be3387f9e1432f676c2f33b58",
   "snapshot_source": "manual-browser",
   "capture_note": "browser download by Astra 2026-10-25 (scripted fetch blocked)",
   "snapshot_url": "https://pub-e61c5ee2a8704225bfa8de0c280e8a2c.r2.dev/bylaws/5fb446cba659742f1e9509ca1dd9f651ceef419be3387f9e1432f676c2f33b58.pdf",
   "link_dead": false,
   "facts": {
    "protected_threshold": "Any living species of woody perennial plant, including its root system, that has reached or can reach a height of at least 4.5 meters at physiological maturity; Tree Clearing means removal of ten percent (10%) or more of the Trees within a Woodlot; Woodlot means contiguous land in a single ownership at least 0.45 hectares (1 Acre) with tree canopy cover of at least 40% (subject to exclusions).",
    "fine_range": "Not more than $100,000; continuing offence: not exceed $10,000.00 per day; director/officer: not exceeding $100,000.00 for each offence."
   },
   "fact_citations": {
    "protected_threshold": "s. 1.1(j), (k), (l)",
    "fine_range": "s. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3"
   },
   "transcript_url": "/ca/on/cornwall/trees/bylaw-2024-012/",
   "transcript_quality": "exact"
  }
 ],
 "source": "https://govanswers.org/ca/on/cornwall/trees/"
}