Asset Management Plan 2024

Machin, Ontario

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i Asset Management Plan Township of Machin 2024 i "© 2024, Municipality of Machin. All Rights Reserved. The preparation of this project was carried out with assistance from the Government of Canada and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities. Notwithstanding this support, the views expressed are the personal views of the authors, and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and the Government of Canada accept no responsibility for them." This Asset Management Program was prepared by: Update by Tammy Rob, Clerk Treasurer Municipality of Machin 2024 i Key Statistics Replacement cost of asset portfolio $141 million Replacement cost of infrastructure per household $223,101(2024) Percentage of assets in fair or better condition 54% Percentage of assets with assessed condition data 24% Annual capital infrastructure deficit $911,100 Recommended timeframe for eliminating annual infrastructure deficit 20 Years Target reinvestment rate 3.5% Actual reinvestment rate 1.3% i Table of Contents 1 Introduction & Context ..................................................................... 1 2 Scope and Methodology ................................................................. 10 3 Portfolio Overview ......................................................................... 13 4 Road Network ............................................................................... 17 5 Bridges & Culverts ......................................................................... 26 6 Buildings ...................................................................................... 32 7 Vehicles ....................................................................................... 38 8 Machinery & Equipment .................................................................. 43 9 Land Improvements ....................................................................... 49 10 Water Network ........................................................................... 54 11 Impacts of Growth ...................................................................... 61 12 Financial Strategy ....................................................................... 63 13 Appendices ................................................................................ 73 ii Executive Summary Municipal infrastructure provides the foundation for the economic, social, and environmental health and growth of a community through the delivery of critical services. The goal of asset management is to deliver an adequate level of service in the most cost-effective manner. This involves the development and implementation of asset management strategies and long-term financial planning. Scope Identifying the current practices and strategies that are in place to manage public infrastructure and making recommendations where they can be further refined. Through the implementation of sound asset management strategies, the Township can ensure that public infrastructure is managed to support the sustainable delivery of municipal services. The following asset categories are addressed in further sections: Asset Categories The Township has achieved compliance with O. Reg. 588/17 to the extent of the requirements that must be completed by July 1, 2022. There are additional requirements concerning proposed levels of service and growth that must be met by July 1, 2025. Road Network Vehicles Land Improvements Bridges & Culverts Buildings Machinery & Equipment Water Network iii Findings The overall replacement cost of the asset categories owned by Machin totals $41.3 million. 54% of all assets analysed are in fair or better condition and assessed condition data was available for 24% of assets. For the remaining 76% of assets, assessed condition data was unavailable, and asset age was used to approximate condition - a data gap that persists in most municipalities. Generally, age misstates the true condition of assets, making assessments essential to accurate asset management planning, and a recurring recommendation. The development of a long-term, sustainable financial plan requires an analysis of whole lifecycle costs. Using a combination of proactive lifecycle strategies (roads) and replacement only strategies (all other assets) determine the lowest cost option to maintain the current levels of service. To meet capital replacement and rehabilitation needs for existing infrastructure, prevent infrastructure backlogs, and achieve long-term sustainability, the Township's average annual capital requirement totals $1.45 million. Based on a historical analysis of sustainable capital funding sources, the Township is committing approximately $541,335 towards capital projects or reserves per year. As a result, there is currently an annual funding gap of $911,100. It is important to note that this represents a snapshot in time and is based on the best available processes, data, and information at the Township. Strategic asset management planning is an ongoing and dynamic process that requires continuous improvement and dedicated resources. Recommendations A financial strategy was developed to address the annual capital funding gap. The annual tax change required to eliminate the Township's infrastructure deficit based on a 20-year plan: Tax-Funded ASSETS Average Annual Tax Change 1.2% iv The annual rate change needed to adress the funding gap for the water network extended over 40 years is: Recommendations to guide continuous refinement of the Township's asset management program. These include: - Review data to update and maintain a complete and accurate dataset - Develop a condition assessment strategy with a regular schedule - Review and update lifecycle management strategies - Development and regularly review short- and long-term plans to meet capital requirements - Measure current levels of service and identify sustainable proposed levels of service Rate-Funded WATER Average Annual Rate Change 1.9% 1 1 Introduction & Context 1.1 Key Insights - The goal of asset management is to minimize the lifecycle costs of delivering infrastructure services, manage the associated risks, while maximizing the value ratepayers receive from the asset portfolio - The Township's asset management policy provides clear direction to staff on their roles and responsibilities regarding asset management - An asset management plan is a living document that should be updated regularly to inform long-term planning 1.2 Machin Community Profile The Township of Machin is in the Kenora District west of Dryden, made up of three communities all located on or near beautiful Eagle Lake. Eagle River, Minnitaki, and Vermilion Bay are all located in the heart of Sunset Country on the Trans Canada Highway. Census Characteristic Machin Ontario Population 2021 1,012 14,223,942 Population Change 2016-2021 4.2 5.8 Total Private Dwellings 632 5,929,250 Population Density 3.5/km2 15.9/km2 Land Area 290.14 km2 892,411.76 km2 Located directly off the Trans-Canada Highway, you can't travel through the Kenora District, or across Canada, without passing by Machin. Viewed as a "Hub", the Township resides in the heart of northwestern Ontario. With entrances at Highway 17, Highway 105, and Highway 594, all travelers must pass by Machin when heading North, South, East, or West. Cradling the North shore of world-famous Eagle Lake, Machin has something for everyone. Our residents and visitors both enjoy the outdoor adventures like fishing, hiking, water sports, snow machining, horseback riding, collecting wild edibles, and many more outdoor pursuits. 2 1.3 An Overview of Asset Management Municipalities are responsible for managing and maintaining a broad portfolio of infrastructure assets to deliver services to the community. The goal of asset management is to minimize the lifecycle costs of delivering infrastructure services, manage the associated risks, while maximizing the value ratepayers receive from the asset portfolio. The acquisition of capital assets accounts for only 10-20% of their total cost of ownership. The remaining 80-90% derives from operations and maintenance. The Township focused its analysis on the capital costs to maintain, rehabilitate and replace existing municipal infrastructure assets. These costs can span decades, requiring planning and foresight to ensure financial responsibility is spread equitably across generations. An asset management plan is critical to this planning, and an essential element of broader asset management program. The industry-standard approach and sequence to developing a practical asset management program begins with a Strategic Plan, followed by an Asset Management Policy and an Asset Management Strategy, concluding with an Asset Management Plan. This industry standard, defined by the Institute of Asset Management (IAM), emphasizes the alignment between the corporate strategic plan and various asset management documents. The strategic plan has a direct, and cascading impact on asset management planning and reporting. Build 20% Operate, Maintain, and Dispose 80% Total Cost of Ownership 3 1.3.1 Asset Management Policy An asset management policy represents a statement of the principles guiding the Town's approach to asset management activities. It aligns with the organizational strategic plan and provides clear direction to municipal staff on their roles and responsibilities as part of the asset management program. The Township council approved the Strategic Asset Management Policy on __________ in accordance with Ontario Regulation 588/17. The purpose of the policy is to provide leadership in and commitment to the development and implementation of the Municipality's asset management program. It is intended to guide the consistent use of asset management across the organization, to facilitate logical and evidence-based decision-making for the management of municipal infrastructure assets and to support the delivery of sustainable community services now and in the future. 1.3.2 Asset Management Strategy An asset management strategy outlines the translation of organizational objectives into asset management objectives and provides a strategic overview of the activities required to meet these objectives. It provides greater detail than the policy on how the Town plans to achieve asset management objectives through planned activities and decision-making criteria. The Township's Asset Management Policy contains many of the key components of an asset management strategy and may be expanded on in future revisions or as part of a separate strategic document. 1.3.3 Asset Management Plan The asset management plan (AMP) presents the outcomes of the Township's asset management program and identifies the resource requirements needed to achieve a defined level of service. The AMP typically includes the following content: - State of Infrastructure - Asset Management Strategies - Levels of Service - Financial Strategies The AMP is a living document that should be updated regularly as additional asset and financial data becomes available. 4 1.4 Key Concepts in Asset Management Effective asset management integrates several key components, including lifecycle management, risk management, and levels of service. These concepts are applied throughout this asset management plan and are described below in greater detail. 1.4.1 Lifecycle Management Strategies The condition or performance of most assets will deteriorate over time. This process is affected by a range of factors including an asset's characteristics, location, utilization, maintenance history and environment. Asset deterioration has a negative effect on the ability of an asset to fulfill its intended function, and may be characterized by increased cost, risk and even service disruption. To ensure that municipal assets are performing as expected and meeting the needs of customers, it is important to establish a lifecycle management strategy to proactively manage asset deterioration. There are several field intervention activities that are available to extend the life of an asset. These activities can be generally placed into one of three categories: maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement. The following table provides a description of each type of activity and the general difference in cost. Lifecycle Activity Description Example (Roads) Cost Maintenance Activities that prevent defects or deteriorations from occurring Crack Seal $ Rehabilitation/ Renewal Activities that rectify defects or deficiencies that are already present and may be affecting asset performance Mill & Re- surface $$ Replacement/ Reconstruction Asset end-of-life activities that often involve the complete replacement of assets Full Reconstruction $$$ Depending on initial lifecycle management strategies, asset performance can be sustained through a combination of maintenance and rehabilitation, but at some point, replacement is required. Understanding what effect these activities will have on the lifecycle of an asset, and their cost, will enable staff to make better recommendations. The Township's approach to lifecycle management is described within each asset category. Developing and implementing a proactive lifecycle strategy will help staff to determine which activities to perform on an asset and when they should be performed to maximize useful life at the lowest total cost of ownership. 5 1.4.2 Risk Management Strategies Municipalities generally take a 'worst-first' approach to infrastructure spending. Rather than prioritizing assets based on their importance to service delivery, assets in the worst condition are fixed first, regardless of their criticality. However, not all assets are created equal. Some are more important than others, and their failure or disrepair poses more risk to the community than that of others. For example, a road with a high volume of traffic that provides access to critical services poses a higher risk than a low volume rural road. These high-value assets should receive funding before others. By identifying the various impacts of asset failure and the likelihood that it will fail, risk management strategies can identify critical assets, and determine where maintenance efforts, and spending, should be focused. A high-level evaluation of asset risk and criticality was performed. Each asset has been assigned a probability of failure score and consequence of failure score based on available asset data. These risk scores can be used to prioritize maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement strategies for critical assets. 1.4.3 Levels of Service A level of service (LOS) is a measure of what the Township is providing to the community and the nature and quality of that service. Within each asset category, technical metrics and qualitative descriptions that measure both technical and community levels of service have been established and measured as data is available. These measures include a combination of those that have been outlined in O. Reg. 588/17 in addition to performance measures identified by the Township as worth measuring and evaluating. The Township measures the level of service provided at two levels: Community Levels of Service, and Technical Levels of Service. Community Levels of Service Community levels of service are a simple, plain language description or measure of the service that the community receives. For core asset categories (roads, bridges and culverts, water, wastewater, stormwater) the Province, through O. Reg. 588/17, has provided qualitative descriptions that are required to be included in this AMP. For non-core asset categories, the Township has determined the qualitative descriptions that will be used to determine the community level of service provided. These descriptions can be found in the Levels of Services subsection within each asset category. 6 Technical Levels of Service Technical levels of service are a measure of key technical attributes of the service being provided to the community. These include mostly quantitative measures and tend to reflect the impact of the Township's asset management strategies on the physical condition of assets or the quality/capacity of the services they provide. For core asset categories (roads, bridges and culverts, water, wastewater, stormwater) the Province, through O. Reg. 588/17, has provided technical metrics that are required. Current and Proposed Levels of Service The Township is focusing on measuring the current level of service provided to the community. Once current levels of service have been measured, the Township plans to establish proposed levels of service over a 10-year period, in accordance with O. Reg. 588/17. Proposed levels of service should be realistic and achievable within the timeframe outlined by the Township. They should also be determined with consideration of a variety of community expectations, fiscal capacity, regulatory requirements, corporate goals and long-term sustainability. Once proposed levels of service have been established, and prior to July 2025, the Township must identify a lifecycle management and financial strategy which allows these targets to be achieved. 1.5 Climate Change Climate change can cause severe impacts on human and natural systems around the world. The effects of climate change include increasing temperatures, higher levels of precipitation, droughts, and extreme weather events. In 2019, Canada's Changing Climate Report (CCCR 2019) was released by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The report revealed that between 1948 and 2016, the average temperature increase across Canada was 1.7°C; moreover, during this time, Northern Canada experienced a 2.3°C increase. The temperature increase in Canada has doubled that of the global average. If emissions are not significantly reduced, the temperature could increase by 6.3°C in Canada by the year 2100 compared to 2005 levels. Observed precipitation changes in Canada include an increase of approximately 20% between 1948 and 2012. By the late 21st century, the projected increase could reach an additional 24%. During the summer months, some regions in Southern Canada are expected to experience periods of drought at a higher rate. Extreme weather events and climate conditions are more common across Canada. Recorded events include droughts, 7 flooding, cold extremes, warm extremes, wildfires, and record minimum arctic sea ice extent. The changing climate poses a significant risk to the Canadian economy, society, environment, and infrastructure. The impacts on infrastructure are often a result of climate-related extremes such as droughts, floods, higher frequency of freeze-thaw cycles, extended periods of high temperatures, high winds, and wildfires. Physical infrastructure is vulnerable to damage and increased wear when exposed to these extreme events and climate variabilities. Canadian Municipalities are faced with the responsibility to protect their local economy, citizens, environment, and physical assets. 1.5.1 Machin Climate Profile The Township of Machin is in Eastern Ontario in the Kenora District west of Dryden. The Township is expected to experience notable effects of climate change which include higher average annual temperatures, an increase in total annual precipitation, and an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme events. According to Climatedata.ca - a collaboration supported by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) - the Township of Machin may experience the following trends: Higher Average Annual Temperature: - Between the years 1981 and 2010 the annual average temperature was 2.8 ºC - Under a high emissions scenario, the annual average temperatures are projected to increase by 1.8 ºC by the year 2050 and over 5.5 ºC by the end of the century. Increase in Total Annual Precipitation: - Under a high emissions scenario, Machin is projected to experience an 6% increase in precipitation by the year 2050 and a 12% increase by the end of the century. Increase in Frequency of Extreme Weather Events: - It is expected that the frequency and severity of extreme weather events will change. 1.5.2 Integration Climate change and Asset Management Asset management practices aim to deliver sustainable service delivery - the delivery of services to residents today without compromising the services and well- being of future residents. Climate change threatens sustainable service delivery by reducing the useful life of an asset and increasing the risk of asset failure. Desired 8 levels of service can be more difficult to achieve because of climate change impacts such as flooding, high heat, drought, and more frequent and intense storms. To achieve the sustainable delivery of services, climate change considerations should be incorporated into asset management practices. The integration of asset management and climate change adaptation observes industry best practices and enables the development of a holistic approach to risk management. 1.6 Ontario Regulation 588/17 As part of the Infrastructure for Jobs and Prosperity Act, 2015, the Ontario government introduced Regulation 588/17 - Asset Management Planning for Municipal Infrastructure (O. Reg 588/17). Along with creating better performing organizations, more liveable and sustainable communities, the regulation is a key, mandated driver of asset management planning and reporting. It places substantial emphasis on current and proposed levels of service and the lifecycle costs incurred in delivering them. The diagram below outlines key reporting requirements under O. Reg 588/17 and the associated timelines. Strategic Asset Management Policy Asset Management Plan for Core Assets with the following components: 1. Current levels of service 2. Inventory analysis 3. Lifecycle activities to sustain LOS 4. Cost of lifecycle activities 5. Population and employment forecasts 6. Discussion of growth impacts Asset Management Plan for All Assets with the following additional components: 1. Proposed levels of service for next 10 years 2. Updated inventory analysis 3. Lifecycle management strategy 4. Financial strategy and addressing shortfalls 5. Discussion of how growth assumptions impacted lifecycle and financial Asset Management Plan for Core and Non-Core Assets (same components as 2022) and Asset Management Policy Update 2019 2024 2022 2025 9 1.6.1 O. Reg. 588/17 Compliance Review The following table identifies the requirements outlined in Ontario Regulation 588/17 for municipalities to meet by July 1, 2024. Next to each requirement a page or section reference is included in addition to any necessary commentary. Requirement O. Reg. Section AMP Section Reference Status Summary of assets in each category S.5(2), 3(i) 4 - 11 Complete Replacement cost of assets in each category S.5(2), 3(ii) 4 - 11 Complete Average age of assets in each category S.5(2), 3(iii) 4 - 11 Complete Condition of core assets in each category S.5(2), 3(iv) 4 - 11 Complete Description of municipality's approach to assessing the condition of assets in each category S.5(2), 3(v) 4 - 11 Complete Current levels of service in each category S.5(2), 1(i-ii) 4 - 11 Complete for Core Assets Only Current performance measures in each category S.5(2), 2 4 - 11 Complete for Core Assets Only Lifecycle activities needed to maintain current levels of service for 10 years S.5(2), 4 4 - 11 Complete Costs of providing lifecycle activities for 10 years S.5(2), 4 Appendix B Complete Growth assumptions S.5(2), 5(i-ii) S.5(2), 6(i-vi) 12 Complete 10 2 Scope and Methodology 2.1 Key Insights - Machin has 7 different asset categories with a replacement cost of $141 million - The source and recency of replacement costs impacts the accuracy and reliability of asset portfolio valuation - Accurate and reliable condition data helps to prevent premature and costly rehabilitation or replacement and that lifecycle activities occur at the right time to maximize asset value and useful life 2.2 Asset Categories To ensure compliance with Ontario Regulation 588/17 the July 2022 deadline under the regulation requires analysis of only core assets (roads, bridges and culverts, water, wastewater, and stormwater). Where the July 2025 requires analysis of all other assets. The state of the infrastructure for the Township's asset portfolio listed below. For core infrastructure each category section establishes current levels of service and the associated technical and customer oriented key performance indicators (KPIs), outlines lifecycle strategies for optimal asset management and performance, and provides financial strategies to reach sustainability for the core asset categories. Asset Category Source of Funding Road Network Tax Levy Bridges & Culverts Buildings Vehicles Machinery & Equipment Land Improvements Water Network User Rates 11 2.3 Deriving Replacement Costs There are a range of methods to determine the replacement cost of an asset, and some are more accurate and reliable than others. The two methodologies are: - User-Defined Cost and Cost/Unit: Based on costs provided by municipal staff which could include average costs from recent contracts; data from engineering reports and assessments; staff estimates based on knowledge and experience - Cost Inflation/CPI Tables: Historical cost of the asset is inflated based on Consumer Price Index or Non-Residential Building Construction Price Index User-defined costs based on reliable sources are an accurate and reliable way to determine asset replacement costs. Cost inflation is typically used in the absence of reliable replacement cost data. It is a reliable method for recently purchased and/or constructed assets where the total cost is reflective of the actual costs that the Township incurred. As assets age, and new products and technologies become available, cost inflation becomes a less reliable method. 2.4 Estimated Useful Life and Service Life Remaining The estimated useful life (EUL) of an asset is the period over which the Township expects the asset to be available for use and remain in service before requiring replacement or disposal. The EUL for each asset was assigned according to the knowledge and expertise of municipal staff and supplemented by existing industry standards when necessary. Using an asset's in-service date and its EUL, the Township can determine the service life remaining (SLR) for each asset. Using condition data and the asset's SLR, the Township can more accurately forecast when it will require replacement. The SLR is calculated as follows: 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑆𝐿𝑅) = 𝐼𝑛 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑒+ 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒(𝐸𝑈𝐿) −𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟 2.5 Reinvestment Rate As assets age and deteriorate they require additional investment to maintain a state of good repair. The reinvestment of capital funds, through asset renewal or replacement, is necessary to sustain an adequate level of service. The reinvestment rate is a measurement of available or required funding relative to the total replacement cost. By comparing the actual vs. target reinvestment rate the Township can determine the extent of any existing funding gap. 12 The reinvestment rate is calculated as follows: 𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒= 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒= 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 2.6 Deriving Asset Condition An incomplete or limited understanding of asset condition can mislead long-term planning and decision-making. Accurate and reliable condition data helps to prevent premature and costly rehabilitation or replacement and ensures that lifecycle activities occur at the right time to maximize asset value and useful life. A condition assessment rating system provides a standardized descriptive framework that allows comparative benchmarking across the Township's asset portfolio. The table below outlines the condition rating system used to determine asset condition. This rating system is aligned with the Canadian Core Public Infrastructure Survey which is used to develop the Canadian Infrastructure Report Card. Condition Description Criteria Service Life Remaining (%) Very Good Fit for the future Well maintained, good condition, new or recently rehabilitated 80-100 Good Adequate for now Acceptable, generally approaching mid-stage of expected service life 60-80 Fair Requires attention Signs of deterioration, some elements exhibit significant deficiencies 40-60 Poor Increasing potential of affecting service Approaching end of service life, condition below standard, large portion of system exhibits significant deterioration 20-40 Very Poor Unfit for sustained service Near or beyond expected service life, widespread signs of advanced deterioration, some assets may be unusable 0-20 The analysis is based on assessed condition data only as available. In the absence of assessed condition data, asset age is used as a proxy to determine asset condition. Appendix E includes additional information on the role of asset condition data and provides basic guidelines for the development of a condition assessment program. 13 3 Portfolio Overview 3.1 Key Insights - The total replacement cost of the Township's asset portfolio is $141 million - The Township's target re-investment rate is 3.5%, and the actual re- investment rate is 1.3%, contributing to an expanding infrastructure deficit - 54% of all assets are in fair or better condition - 54% of assets are projected to require rehabilitation / replacement in the next 10 years - Average annual capital requirements total $1.45 million per year across all assets 3.2 Total Replacement Cost of Asset Portfolio The asset categories have a total replacement cost of $41.3 million based on inventory data from 2024. This total was determined based on a combination of user-defined costs and historical cost inflation. This estimate reflects replacement of historical assets with similar, not necessarily identical, assets available for procurement today. 3.3 Target vs. Actual Reinvestment Rate The graph below depicts funding gaps or surpluses by comparing target vs actual reinvestment rates. To meet the long-term replacement needs, the Township should be allocating approximately $1.45 million annually, for a target reinvestment 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Water Network Buildings Roads Network Bridges & Culverts Machinery & Equipment Land Improvements Vehicles Total Replacement Cost $141M Millons 14 rate of 3.5%. Actual annual spending on infrastructure totals approximately $541,335 for an actual reinvestment rate of 1.3%. 3.4 Condition of Asset Portfolio The current condition of the assets is central to all asset management planning. Collectively, 54% of assets in Machin are in fair or better condition. This estimate relies on both age-based and field condition data. Assessed condition data is available for 24% of assets; for the remaining portfolio, age is used as an approximation of condition. Assessed condition data is invaluable in asset management planning as it reflects the true condition of the asset and its ability to perform its functions. The table below identifies the source of condition data. Asset Category % of Assets with Assessed Condition Source of Condition Data Bridges & Culverts 78% Assessed 2021 OSIM Report Road Network 84% Assessed 2007 Road Study 15 All other Categories 100% Age-based None 3.5 Service Life Remaining Based on asset age, available assessed condition data and estimated useful life, 56% of the Township's assets will require rehabilitation or replacement within the next 10 years. Capital requirements over the next 10 years are identified in Appendix B. 3.6 Forecasted Capital Requirements The development of a long-term capital forecast should include both asset rehabilitation and replacement requirements. With the development of asset- specific lifecycle strategies that include the timing and cost of future capital events, the Township can produce an accurate long-term capital forecast. The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 120 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 10-year groupings and the trend line represents the average 10-year capital requirements. 16 3.7 Risk & Criticality The Township has noted key trends, challenges, and risks to service delivery that they are currently facing: Organizational Capacity and Cognizance Both short- and long-term planning requires the regular collection of infrastructure data to support asset management decision-making. Staff find it a continuous challenge to dedicate resources and time towards data collection and condition assessments to ensure that asset condition and asset attribute data is regularly reviewed and updated. Lifecycle Management Strategies The current lifecycle management strategy for all asset categories is considered more reactive than proactive. It is a challenge to find the right balance between maintenance, capital rehabilitation, and the replacement of assets. Staff hope to develop better defined strategies that will extend asset lifecycles and result in a lower total cost to the Town. These strategies will require sustainable annual funding to minimize the deferral of capital works Asset Data & Information There is a lack of confidence in the available inventory data and condition data. Staff find it a continuous challenge to dedicate resources and time towards data collection and condition assessments to ensure that condition and asset attribute data is regularly reviewed and updated. 17 4 Road Network 4.1 Key Insights The road network is a critical component of the provision of safe and efficient transportation services and represents the second highest value asset category in the Township's tax funded asset portfolio. It includes all municipally owned and maintained roadways in addition to supporting roadside infrastructure including streetlights. The state of the infrastructure for the road network is summarized in the following table. Replacement Cost Condition Financial Capacity $ 41.9 million Poor (22%) Annual Requirement: $136,100 Funding Available: $156,980 Annual Deficit/Surplus: $(20,880) 4.2 Asset Inventory & Costs The table below includes the quantity, total replacement cost and annual capital requirements of each asset segment in the Township's road inventory. Asset Segment Quantity Replacement Cost Annual Capital Requirement Asphalt (HCB) 6,608 m $6,938,354 $37,291 Gravel 79,500 m $31,800,100 $70,619 Street Lights 65 $124,255 $8,284 Surface Treatment (LCB) 6,537.5 m $3,118,355 $19,908 Total $41,981,064 $136,102 Each asset's replacement cost should be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are needed to more accurate represent realistic capital requirements. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Asphalt (HCB) Surface Treatment Total Replacement Cost 41.9 M 18 4.3 Asset Condition & Age The table below identifies the current average condition, the average age, and the estimated useful life for each asset segment. The average condition (%) is a weighted value based on replacement cost. Asset Segment Estimated Useful Life (Years) Average Age (Years) Average Condition Asphalt (HCB) 30 Years 41 Years 4 Months 82% (Very Good) Gravel 25 Years 52 Years 4 Months 3% (Very Poor) Street Lights 15 Years 7 Years 6 Months 87% (Very Good) Surface Treatment (LCB) 30 Years 56 Years 6 Months 56% (Fair) Average 41 Years 4 Months 22% (Poor) The graph below visually illustrates the average condition for each asset segment on a very good to very poor. To ensure that the Township's roads continue to provide an acceptable level of service, the Township should monitor the average condition of all assets. If the average condition declines, staff should re-evaluate their lifecycle management strategy to determine what combination of maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement activities is required to increase the overall condition of the roads. Each asset's estimated useful life should also be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments need to be made to better align with the observed length of service life for each asset type. 4.3.1 Current Approach to Condition Assessment Accurate and reliable condition data allows staff to determine the remaining service life of assets and identify the most cost-effective approach to managing assets. The following describes the Township's current approach: 19 - A Road assessment was completed in 2007 that included a detailed assessment of the condition of each paved road segment and 2001 for gravel roads. The rating criteria is used to determine the current condition of road segments and forecast future capital requirements is: Condition Rating Very Good 80-100 Good 60-80 Fair 40-60 Poor 20-40 Very Poor 0-20 4.4 Lifecycle Management Strategy The condition or performance of most assets will deteriorate over time. This process is affected by a range of factors including an asset's characteristics, location, utilization, maintenance history and environment. The following lifecycle strategies have been developed as a proactive approach to managing the lifecycle of Township owned roads. Instead of allowing the roads to deteriorate until replacement is required, strategic rehabilitation is expected to extend the service life of roads at a lower total cost. Asphalt Roads(HCB) Event Name Event Class Event Trigger Surface Mill & Pave Rehabilitation 60 condition Major Rehabilitation Rehabilitation 45 condition Full Reconstruction Replacement 0 condition 20 Surface Treated Roads Event Name Event Class Event Trigger Single Surface Treatment (SST) Rehabilitation 40 condition Double Surface Treatment (DST) Rehabilitation 30 condition Full Reconstruction Replacement 0 condition The Township has developed a gravel road program that resurfaces the road with 50mm of granular A every five years. 21 4.4.1 Forecasted Capital Requirements Based on the lifecycle strategies identified previously for roads, and assuming the end-of-life replacement of all other assets in this category, the following graph forecasts capital requirements for the road network. The following graph forecasts long-term capital requirements. The annual capital requirement represents the average amount per year that the Township should allocate towards funding rehabilitation and replacement needs. The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 70 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 10-year groupings and the trend line represents the average 10-year capital requirements. The projected cost of lifecycle activities that will need to be undertaken over the next 10 years to maintain the current level of service can be found in Appendix B. 22 4.5 Risk & Criticality The following risk matrix provides a visual representation of the relationship between the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the assets within this asset category based on 2024 inventory data. See Appendix D for the criteria used to determine the risk rating of each asset. This is a high-level model developed by Township staff and it should be reviewed and adjusted to reflect an evolving understanding of both the probability and consequences of asset failure. The asset-specific attributes that municipal staff utilize to define and prioritize the criticality of the road network are documented below: Probability of Failure (POF) Consequence of Failure (COF) Condition (Structural) Replacement Cost (Economic) Service Life Remaining (Functional) Traffic Counts (Operational 50%) Surface Type (Operational 50%) The identification of critical assets allows the Township to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies and treatment options. Risk mitigation may include asset- specific lifecycle strategies, condition assessment strategies, or simply the need to collect better asset data. 4.6 Levels of Service The following tables identify the Township's current level of service for the roads. 23 Cost Performance (Average Condition) Risk These metrics include the technical and community level of service metrics that are required as part of O. Reg. 588/17 as well as any additional performance measures that the Township has selected. 4.6.1 Community Levels of Service The following table outlines the qualitative descriptions that determine the community levels of service provided by the road network. Service Attribute Qualitative Description Current LOS (2024) Scope Description, which may include maps, of the road network in the municipality and its level of connectivity Machin is a divided Township that is connected by Highway 17. The land between the east and west portions of Machin is called Kenora Unmanaged See Appendix C Quality Description or images that illustrate the different levels of road class pavement condition The Township staff provide surface condition with a rating as follows: 0 - 20 Very Poor 20 - 40 Poor 40 - 60 Fair 60 - 80 Good 80 - 100 Very Good 4.6.2 Technical Levels of Service The following table outlines the quantitative metrics that determine the technical level of service provided by the road network. $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000 $160,000 $180,000 Average Annual Capital Funding Average Annual Capital Requirements 13% 6% 7% 38% 36% 48% 22% 5% 12% 13% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 24 Service Attribute Technical Metric Current LOS (2024) Scope Lane-km of arterial roads (MMS classes 1 and 2) per land area (km/km2) 0 Lane-km of collector roads (MMS classes 3 and 4) per land area (km/km2) 0 Lane-km of local roads (MMS classes 5 and 6) per land area (km/km2) 0.32 Quality Average pavement condition index for paved roads in the municipality Asphalt = 82 Surface Treatment = 56 Average surface condition for unpaved roads in the municipality (e.g. excellent, good, fair, poor) Poor 25 4.7 Recommendations Condition Assessment Strategies - The roads condition assessment program needs to be updated and all roads need to be re-assessed Risk Management Strategies - Implement risk-based decision-making as part of asset management planning and budgeting processes. This should include the regular review of high-risk assets to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies. - Review risk models on a regular basis and adjust according to an evolving understanding of the probability and consequences of asset failure. Levels of Service - Continue to measure current levels of service in accordance with the metrics identified in O. Reg. 588/17 and those metrics that the Township believes to provide meaningful and reliable inputs into asset management planning. - Work towards identifying proposed levels of service as per O. Reg. 588/17 and identify the strategies that are required to close any gaps between current and proposed levels of service. 26 5 Bridges & Culverts 5.1 Key Insights Bridges and culverts represent a critical portion of the transportation services provided to the community. The roads department is responsible for the maintenance of all bridges and culverts located across municipal roads. The state of the infrastructure for bridges and culverts is summarized in the following table. Replacement Cost Condition Financial Capacity $14.2 million Fair (58%) Annual Requirement: $87,240 Funding Available: $19,060 Annual Deficit: $68,180 5.2 Asset Inventory & Costs The table below includes the quantity, total replacement cost and annual capital requirements of each asset segment in the Township's bridges and culverts inventory. Asset Segment Quantity Replacement Cost Annual Capital Requirement Bridges 4 $13,344,334 $55,841 Culverts 156 $945,859, $31,395 Total $14,290,193 $87,237 Each asset's replacement cost should be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are needed to more accurate represent realistic capital requirements. 5.3 Asset Condition & Age The table below identifies the current average condition, the average age, and the estimated useful life for each asset segment. The average condition (%) is a weighted value based on replacement cost. Asset Segment Estimated Useful Life (Years) Average Age (Years) Average Condition Bridges 60 59.25 68% (Good) Culverts 30 49.83 25% (Poor) Average 50.08 58% (Fair) 27 The graph below visually illustrates the average condition for each asset segment on a very good to very poor scale. To ensure that the Township's bridges & culverts continue to provide an acceptable level of service, the staff should monitor the average condition of all assets. If the average condition declines, the Township should re-evaluate their lifecycle management strategy to determine what combination of maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement activities is required to increase the overall condition of the bridges and culverts. Each asset's Estimated Useful Life should also be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments need to be made to better align with the observed length of service life for each asset type. 5.3.1 Current Approach to Condition Assessment Accurate and reliable condition data allows staff to determine the remaining service life of assets and identify the most cost-effective approach to managing assets. The following describes the Township's current approach: - Condition assessments of all bridges and culverts with a span greater than or equal to 3 meters are completed every 2 years in accordance with the Ontario Structure Inspection Manual (OSIM) 5.4 Lifecycle Management Strategy The condition or performance of most assets will deteriorate over time. To ensure that municipal assets are performing as expected and meeting the needs of customers, it is important to establish a lifecycle management strategy to proactively manage asset deterioration. The following table outlines the Township's current lifecycle management strategy. Activity Type Description of Current Strategy Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Replacement All lifecycle activities are driven by the results of mandated structural inspections competed according to the OSIM Inspection The most recent inspection report was completed in 2024 by JML Engineering 28 5.4.1 Forecasted Capital Requirements The following graph forecasts long-term capital requirements. The annual capital requirement represents the average amount per year that the Township should allocate towards funding rehabilitation and replacement needs. The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 35 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 5-year groupings and the trend line represents the average 5-year capital requirements. The projected cost of lifecycle activities that will need to be undertaken over the next 10 years to maintain the current level of service can be found in Appendix B. 5.5 Risk & Criticality The risk matrix provides a visual representation of the relationship between the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the assets within this asset category based on 2024 inventory data. See Appendix D for the criteria used to determine the risk rating of each asset. 29 This is a high-level model developed by Township staff should review and adjust the risk model to reflect an evolving understanding of both the probability and consequences of asset failure. The asset-specific attributes that municipal staff utilize to define and prioritize the criticality of bridges are documented below: Probability of Failure (POF) Consequence of Failure (COF) Condition Replacement Cost (Economic) Service Life Remaining Capacity - Load Limit (Operational 50%) Detour Length (Operational 50%) And for culverts: Probability of Failure (POF) Consequence of Failure (COF) Condition Replacement Cost (Economic) Service Life Remaining Traffic Counts (Operational 50%) Diameter (Operational 50%) The identification of critical assets allows the Township to determine risk mitigation strategies and treatment options. Risk mitigation may include asset-specific lifecycle strategies, condition assessment strategies, or simply the need to collect better asset data. 30 5.6 Levels of Service The following tables identify the Township's current level of service for bridges and culverts. Cost Performance (Average Condition) Risk The metrics included below are the technical and community level of service metrics that are required as part of O. Reg. 588/17 as well as any additional performance measures that the Township has selected. 5.6.1 Community Levels of Service The following table outlines the qualitative descriptions that determine the community levels of service provided by bridges and culverts. Service Attribute Qualitative Description Current LOS (2024) Scope Description of the traffic that is supported by municipal bridges (e.g. heavy transport vehicles, motor vehicles, emergency vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists) Bridges and structural culverts are a key component of the municipal transportation network. None of the Town's structures have loading or dimensional restrictions meaning that most types of vehicles, including heavy transport, emergency vehicles, and cyclists can cross them without restriction. Quality Description or images of the condition of bridges and culverts and how this would affect use of the bridges and culverts See Appendix C 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 Average Annual Capital Funding Average Annual Capital Requirements 4% 35% 27% 35% 16% 0% 0% 81% 3% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 31 5.6.2 Technical Levels of Service The following table outlines the quantitative metrics that determine the technical level of service provided by bridges and culverts. Service Attribute Technical Metric Current LOS (2024) Scope % of bridges in the Town with loading or dimensional restrictions 0% Quality Average bridge condition index value for bridges in the Town 68 Average bridge condition index value for structural culverts in the Town None 5.7 Recommendations Data Review/Validation - Continue to review and validate inventory data, assessed condition data and replacement costs for all bridges and structural culverts upon the completion of OSIM inspections every 2 years. Risk Management Strategies - Implement risk-based decision-making as part of asset management planning and budgeting processes. This should include the regular review of high-risk assets to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies. - Review risk models on a regular basis and adjust according to an evolving understanding of the probability and consequences of asset failure. Lifecycle Management Strategies - The Township should work towards identifying projected capital rehabilitation and renewal costs for bridges and culverts and integrating these costs into long-term planning. Levels of Service - Continue to measure current levels of service in accordance with the metrics identified in O. Reg. 588/17 and those metrics that the Township believe to provide meaningful and reliable inputs into asset management planning. - Work towards identifying proposed levels of service as per O. Reg. 588/17 and identify the strategies that are required to close any gaps between current and proposed levels of service. 32 6 Buildings 6.1 Key Insights The Township of Machin owns and maintains several facilities and recreation centres that provide key services to the community. These include: - administrative offices - medical clinics - senior centres - fire stations - arena and recreation centres The state of the infrastructure for the buildings and facilities is summarized in the following table. Replacement Cost Condition Financial Capacity $26.6 million Poor (37%) Annual Requirement: $250,580 Funding Available: $54,740 Annual Deficit: $195,840 6.2 Asset Inventory & Costs The table below includes the quantity, total replacement cost and annual capital requirements of each asset segment in the Township's buildings inventory. Asset Segment Quantity Replacement Cost Annual Capital Requirement Environmental 3 $20,817 $1,140 Fire 3 $7,156,413 $23,845 General Government 3 $2,324,433 $20,740 Health 2 $4,101,102 $15,133 Recreation 12 $5,871,469 $178,906 Transportation 5 $7,155,259 $10,819 Total $26,629,493 $250,582 Each asset's replacement cost should be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are needed to more accurate represent realistic capital requirements. 33 6.3 Asset Condition & Age The table below identifies the current average condition, the average age, and the estimated useful life for each asset segment. The average condition (%) is a weighted value based on replacement cost. Asset Segment Estimated Useful Life (Years) Average Age (Years) Average Condition Environmental 20 - 25 Years 28 Years 6 Months 29% (Poor) Fire 25 - 40 Years 48 Years 6 Months 0% (Very Poor) General Government 25 - 40 Years 43 Years 14% (Very Poor) Health 40 Years 30 Years 6 Months 65% (Good) Recreation 20 - 40 Years 20 Years 46% (Fair) Transportation 20 - 40 Years 54 Years 6 Months 0% (Very Poor) Average 31 Years 1 Month 75% (Good) The graph below visually illustrates the average condition for each asset segment on a very good to very poor. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fire Transportation Recreation Health General Government Enviroment Chart Total Replacement Cost 26.6 M 34 To ensure that the Township's buildings provide an acceptable level of service, the Township should monitor the average condition of all assets. If the average condition declines, staff should re-evaluate their lifecycle management strategy to determine what combination of maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement activities is required to increase the overall condition of the buildings and facilities. Each asset's estimated useful life should also be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments need to be made to better align with the observed length of service life for each asset type. 6.3.1 Current Approach to Condition Assessment Accurate and reliable condition data allows staff to determine the remaining service life of assets and identify the most cost-effective approach to managing assets. The Township's current approach is staff identify deficiencies, repairs and replacements needed. 6.4 Lifecycle Management Strategy To ensure that municipal assets are performing as expected and meeting the needs of customers, it is important to establish a lifecycle management strategy to proactively manage asset deterioration. The following table outlines the Township's current lifecycle management strategy. Activity Type Description of Current Strategy Maintenance / Rehabilitation The maintenance of buildings is dealt with on a case-by-case emergency basis Replacement As a supplement to the knowledge and expertise of municipal staff the Township regularly works with contractors 6.4.1 Forecasted Capital Requirements The annual capital requirement represents the average amount per year that the Township should allocate towards funding rehabilitation and replacement needs. The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 45 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration 35 of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 5-years and the trend line represents the average 5-year capital requirements. The projected cost of lifecycle activities that will need to be undertaken over the next 10 years to maintain the current level of service can be found in Appendix B. 6.5 Risk & Criticality The risk matrix provides a visual representation of the relationship between the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the assets within this asset category based on 2024 inventory data. See Appendix D for the criteria used to determine the risk rating of each asset. This is a high-level model developed by Township staff and should be reviewed and adjusted to reflect an evolving understanding of both the probability and consequences of asset failure. The identification of critical assets allows the Township to determine risk mitigation strategies and treatment options. Risk mitigation may include asset-specific 36 lifecycle strategies, condition assessment strategies, or simply the need to collect better asset data. 6.6 Levels of Service Buildings are considered a non-core asset category and as such, the Township has until July 1, 2024, to determine the qualitative descriptions and technical metrics that measure the current level of service provided. 37 The following tables identify the Township's current level of service for the building assets. Cost Performance (Average Condition) Risk 6.7 Recommendations Asset Inventory - The Township's asset inventory contains a single record for some facilities. Facilities consist of several separate capital components that have unique estimated useful lives and require asset-specific lifecycle strategies. Staff should work towards a component-based inventory of all facilities to allow for component-based lifecycle planning and inventory consistency. Condition Assessment Strategies - The Township should implement regular condition assessments for all facilities to better inform short- and long-term capital requirements. Risk Management Strategies - Implement risk-based decision-making as part of asset management planning and budgeting processes. This should include the regular review of high-risk assets to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies. Levels of Service - The Township should develop metrics that are determined to provide meaningful and reliable inputs into asset management planning and begin measuring them to meet the July 1, 2024, regulation deadline. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 Average Annual Capital Funding Average Annual Capital Requirements 7% 12% 12% 69% 27% 35% 9% 11% 19% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 38 7 Vehicles 7.1 Key Insights Vehicles allow staff to efficiently deliver municipal services and personnel. Municipal vehicles are used to support several service areas, including: - tandem axle trucks for winter control activities - fire rescue vehicles to provide emergency services - waste collection vehicles to provide environmental services - pick-up trucks to support the maintenance of all departments The state of the infrastructure for the vehicles is summarized in the following table. Replacement Cost Condition Financial Capacity $1.3 million Good (75%) Annual Requirement: $78,525 Funding Available: $17,150 Annual Deficit: $61,375 7.2 Asset Inventory & Costs The table below includes the quantity, total replacement cost and annual capital requirements of each asset segment in the Township's vehicle inventory. Asset Segment Quantity Replacement Cost Annual Capital Requirement Fire 5 $757,817 $33,212 General Government 1 $31,162 $2,597 Transportation 9 $526,588 $42,716 Total $1,315,567 $78,525 Each asset's replacement cost should be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are needed to more accurate represent realistic capital requirements. 39 7.3 Asset Condition & Age The table below identifies the current average condition, the average age, and the estimated useful life for each asset segment. The average condition (%) is a weighted value based on replacement cost. Asset Segment Estimated Useful Life Average Age Average Condition Fire 15 - 25 Years 15 Years 1 Month 72% (Good) General Government 12 Years 4 Years 6 Months 93% (Very Good) Transportation 8 - 15 Years 8 Years 8 Months 78% (Good) Average: 10 Years 7 Months 68% (Good) The graph below visually illustrates the average condition for each asset segment on a very good to very poor scale. To ensure that the Township's vehicles continue to provide an acceptable level of service, the Township should monitor the average condition of all assets. If the average condition declines, staff should re-evaluate their lifecycle management strategy to determine what combination of maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement activities is required to increase the overall condition of the vehicles. Each asset's estimated useful life should also be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments need to be made to better align with the observed length of service life for each asset type. 7.3.1 Current Approach to Condition Assessment Accurate and reliable condition data allows staff to determine the remaining service life of assets and identify the most cost-effective approach to managing assets. The Township's current approach relies on staff completing regular visual inspections of vehicles to ensure they are in state of adequate repair prior to operation. The rating criteria used to determine the current condition and forecast future capital requirements is consistent with all other asset categories at 0 - 100. 40 7.4 Lifecycle Management Strategy The condition or performance of assets will deteriorate over time. To ensure that municipal vehicles are performing as expected and meeting the needs of customers, it is important to establish a lifecycle management strategy to proactively manage asset deterioration. The following table outlines the Township's current lifecycle management strategy. Activity Type Description of Current Strategy Maintenance / Rehabilitation Visual inspections completed and documented daily Every 4-7000km includes an inspection and oil change Annual CVOR annual inspection by a licensed mechanic Replacement Vehicle replacements are based on age, kilometres and annual repair costs are taken into consideration when determining appropriate treatment options 7.4.1 Forecasted Capital Requirements The annual capital requirement represents the average amount per year that the Township should allocate towards funding rehabilitation and replacement needs. The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 25 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 5-year bins and the trend line represents the average 5-year capital requirements. The projected cost of lifecycle activities that will need to be undertaken over the next 10 years to maintain the current level of service can be found in Appendix B. 41 7.5 Risk & Criticality The risk matrix provides a visual representation of the relationship between the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the assets within this asset category based on 2024 inventory data. See Appendix D for the criteria used to determine the risk rating of each asset. This is a high-level model developed by the Township staff and should be reviewed and adjusted to reflect an evolving understanding of both the probability and consequences of asset failure. The identification of critical assets allows the Township to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies and treatment options. Risk mitigation may include asset-specific lifecycle strategies, condition assessment strategies, or simply the need to collect better asset data. 7.6 Levels of Service Vehicles are considered a non-core asset category. As such, the Township has until July 1, 2024, to determine the qualitative descriptions and technical metrics that measure the current level of service provided. 42 The following tables identify the Township's current level of service. Cost Performance (Average Condition) Risk 7.7 Recommendations Condition Assessment Strategies - Review assets that have surpassed their estimated useful life to determine if immediate replacement is required or whether these assets are expected to remain in-service. Adjust the service life and/or condition ratings for these assets accordingly. Risk Management Strategies - Implement risk-based decision-making as part of asset management planning and budgeting processes. This should include the regular review of high-risk assets to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies. Levels of Service - The Township should develop metrics that are determined to provide meaningful and reliable inputs into asset management planning and begin measuring them to meet the July 1, 2024, regulation deadline. 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 Average Annual Capital Funding Average Annual Capital Requirements 26% 50% 14% 10% 10% 0% 0% 18% 72% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 43 8 Machinery & Equipment 8.1 Key Insights To maintain the quality stewardship of Machin's infrastructure and support the delivery of services, Township staff own and employ various types of machinery and equipment. This includes: - Computer hardware, software, and phone systems to support all Township services - Landscaping equipment to maintain public parks - Fire equipment to support the delivery of emergency services - Plows and sand hoppers to provide winter control activities - Facility and park equipment to enable the provision of recreational services The state of the infrastructure for the machinery and equipment is summarized in the following table. Replacement Cost Condition Financial Capacity $2.66 million Poor (37%) Annual Requirement: $214,316 Funding Available: $46,815 Annual Deficit: $167,501 8.2 Asset Inventory & Costs The table below includes the quantity, total replacement cost and annual capital requirements of each asset segment in the Township's machinery and equipment inventory. Asset Segment Quantity Replacement Cost Annual Capital Requirement Environmental 1 $60,350 $2,012 Fire 32 $8,778,829 $74,464 General Government 12 $2,693,177 $39,410 Health 2 $4,290,636 $1,421 Recreation 13 $6,798,466 $25,201 Transportation 14 $83,557,321 $71,809 Water 1 35,194,637, Total $141,373,417 $214,316 44 Each asset's replacement cost should be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are needed to more accurate represent realistic capital requirements. 8.3 Asset Condition & Age The table below identifies the current average condition and source of available condition data for each asset segment. The average condition (%) is a weighted value based on replacement cost. Asset Segment Estimated Useful Life Average Age (Years) Average Condition Environmental 25 Years 46 Years 6 Months 0% (Very Poor) Fire 10 - 25 Years 16 Years 37% (Poor) General Government 3 - 15 Years 24 Years 0% (Very Poor) Health 10 Years 5 Years 87% (Very Good) Recreation 10 -15 Years 14 Years 7 Months 40% (Fair) Transportation 15 - 20 Years 22 Years 9 Months 46% (Fair) Average: 19 Years 1 Month 37% (Poor) The graph below visually illustrates the average condition for each asset segment on a very good to very poor scale. 0 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000 80,000,000 100,000,000 Transportation Water Fire Recreation Health General Governement Environment Total Replacement Cost 141.3 45 To ensure that the Township's machinery and equipment continues to provide an acceptable level of service, the Township should continue to monitor the average condition. If the average condition declines, staff should re-evaluate their lifecycle management strategy to determine what combination of maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement activities is required to increase the overall condition. Each asset's estimated useful life should also be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments need to be made to better align with the observed length of service life for each asset type. 8.3.1 Current Approach to Condition Assessment Accurate and reliable condition data allows staff to determine the remaining service life of assets and identify the most cost-effective approach to managing assets. The following describes the Township's current approach: - Staff complete regular visual inspections of machinery and equipment to ensure they are in state of adequate repair - The broad range of types of equipment included in this category, there are some types with very established assessments (i.e. Fire Equipment) but also many don't have any assessment procedures Th rating criteria used to determine the current condition and forecast future capital requirements is consistent throughout all asset categories with a scale of 0 - 100. 8.4 Lifecycle Management Strategy The condition or performance of most assets will deteriorate over time. To ensure that municipal assets are performing as expected and meeting the needs of customers, it is important to establish a lifecycle management strategy to proactively manage asset deterioration. The following table outlines the Township's current lifecycle management strategy. Activity Type Description of Current Strategy Maintenance/ Rehabilitation Maintenance program varies by department Fire Protection Services equipment is subject to a much more rigorous inspection and maintenance program compared to most other departments Machinery and equipment is maintained according to manufacturer recommended actions and supplemented by the expertise of municipal staff Replacement The replacement of machinery and equipment depends on deficiencies identified by operators that may impact their ability to complete required tasks 46 8.4.1 Forecasted Capital Requirements The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 45 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 5-year bins and the trend line represents the average 5-year capital requirements. The projected cost of lifecycle activities that will need to be undertaken over the next 10 years to maintain the current level of service can be found in Appendix B. 8.5 Risk & Criticality The risk matrix provides a visual representation of the relationship between the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the assets within this asset category based on 2024 inventory data. See Appendix D for the criteria used to determine the risk rating of each asset. 47 This is a high-level model developed by Township staff and should be reviewed and adjusted to reflect an evolving understanding of both the probability and consequences of asset failure. The identification of critical assets allows the Township to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies and treatment options. Risk mitigation may include asset- specific lifecycle strategies, condition assessment strategies, or simply the need to collect better asset data. 8.6 Levels of Service Machinery and equipment are considered a non-core asset category. As such, the Township has until July 1, 2024, to determine the qualitative descriptions and technical metrics that measure the current level of service provided. The following table identifies the Township's general level of service. Cost Performance (Average Condition) Risk 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Average Annual Capital Funding Average Annual Capital Requirements 18% 14% 2% 11% 56% 53% 0% 16% 0% 31% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 48 8.7 Recommendations Replacement Costs - All replacement costs are based on the inflation of historical cost. These costs should be evaluated to determine their accuracy and reliability. Replacement costs should be updated according to the best available information on the cost to replace the asset in today's value. Condition Assessment Strategies - Review assets that have surpassed their estimated useful life to determine if immediate replacement is required or whether these assets are expected to remain in-service. Adjust the service life and/or condition ratings for these assets accordingly. Risk Management Strategies - Implement risk-based decision-making as part of asset management planning and budgeting processes. This should include the regular review of high-risk assets to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies. Levels of Service - The Township should develop metrics that are determined to provide meaningful and reliable inputs into asset management planning and begin measuring them to meet the July 1, 2024, regulation deadline. 49 9 Land Improvements 9.1 Key Insights The Township of Machin owns a small number of assets that are considered land improvements. This category includes: - Parking lots for municipal facilities - Sports fields and signage - Miscellaneous landscaping and other assets The state of the infrastructure for the land improvements is summarized in the following table. Replacement Cost Condition Financial Capacity $141.3 million Poor (24%) Annual Requirement: $104,771 Funding Available: $22,886 Annual Deficit: $81,885 9.2 Asset Inventory & Costs The table below includes the quantity, total replacement cost and annual capital requirements of each asset segment in the Township's land improvements inventory. Asset Segment Quantity Replacement Cost Annual Capital Requirement Environmental 7 $206,835 $9,902 Fire 4 $41,685 $2,084 General Government 16 $252,079 $12,318 Health 1 $16,083 $804 Recreation 19 $697,890 $29,489 Transportation 4002 m & 10 $1,003,466 $50,173 Total $2,218,038 $104,771 Each asset's replacement cost should be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are needed to more accurate represent realistic capital requirements. 9.3 Asset Condition & Age The table below identifies the current average condition, the average age, and the estimated useful life for each asset segment. The average condition (%) is a weighted value based on replacement cost. 50 Asset Segment Estimated Useful Life Average Age (Years) Average Condition Environmental 20 - 30 Years 21 Years 6 Months 51% (Fair) Fire 20 Years 46 Years 3 Months 0% (Very Poor) General Government 20 - 30 Years 53 Years 6 Months 9% (Very Poor) Health 20 Years 30 Years 6 Months 0% (Very Poor) Recreation 20 - 40 Years 25 Years 46% (Fair) Transportation 20 Years 44 Years 2 Months 8% (Very Poor) Average: 37 Years 6 Months 24% (Poor) The graph below visually illustrates the average condition for each asset segment on a very good to very poor scale. To ensure that the Township's land improvements provide an acceptable level of service, the Township should monitor the average condition. If the average condition declines, staff should re-evaluate their lifecycle management strategy to determine what combination of maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement activities is required to increase the overall condition of the land improvements. Each asset's estimated useful life should also be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments need to be made to better align with the observed length of service life for each asset type. 0 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000 80,000,000 100,000,000 Transportation Water Fire Recreation Health General Governement Environment Total Replacement Cost 141.3 51 9.3.1 Current Approach to Condition Assessment Accurate and reliable condition data allows staff to determine the remaining service life of assets and identify the most cost-effective approach to managing assets. The following describes the Township's current approach: - There are no formal condition assessment programs in place for land improvements 9.4 Lifecycle Management Strategy To ensure that municipal assets are performing as expected and meeting the needs of customers, it is important to establish a lifecycle management strategy to proactively manage asset deterioration. The following table outlines the Township's current lifecycle management strategy. Activity Type Description of Current Strategy Maintenance, Rehabilitation & Replacement The Land improvements asset category includes several unique asset types and lifecycle requirements are dealt with on a case-by-case basis 9.4.1 Forecasted Capital Requirements The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 45 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 5-year bins and the trend line represents the average 5-year capital requirements. The projected cost of lifecycle activities that will need to be undertaken over the next 10 years to maintain the current level of service can be found in Appendix B. 52 9.5 Risk & Criticality The risk matrix provides a visual representation of the relationship between the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the assets within this asset category based on 2024 inventory data. See Appendix D for the criteria used to determine the risk rating of each asset. This is a high-level model developed by Township staff and should be reviewed and adjusted to reflect an evolving understanding of both the probability and consequences of asset failure. The identification of critical assets allows the Township to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies and treatment options. Risk mitigation may include asset- specific lifecycle strategies, condition assessment strategies, or simply the need to collect better asset data. 9.6 Levels of Service Land improvements are considered a non-core asset category. As such, the Township has until July 1, 2024, to determine the qualitative descriptions and technical metrics that measure the current level of service provided. 53 The following tables identify the Township's general level of service. Cost Performance (Average Condition) Risk 9.7 Recommendations Replacement Costs - All replacement costs are based on the inflation of historical cost. These costs should be evaluated to determine their accuracy and reliability. Replacement costs should be updated according to the best available information on the cost to replace the asset in today's value. Condition Assessment Strategies - Identify condition assessment strategies for high value and high-risk assets. Risk Management Strategies - Implement risk-based decision-making as part of asset management planning and budgeting processes. This should include the regular review of high-risk assets to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies. Levels of Service - The Township should develop metrics that are determined to provide meaningful and reliable inputs into asset management planning and begin measuring them to meet the July 1, 2024, regulation deadline. 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 Average Annual Capital Funding Average Annual Capital Requirements 19% 2% 10% 16% 54% 64% 10% 7% 0% 19% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 54 10 Water Network 10.1 Key Insights The water services provided by the Township are overseen by the Water department. The department is responsible for the following: - Water Treatment Plant at 4 Bay Street - Water Distribution System The state of the infrastructure for the water network is summarized in the following table: 10.2 Asset Inventory & Costs The table below includes the quantity, replacement cost method, and annual capital requirements of each asset segment in the Township's water network inventory. Asset Segment Quantity Replacement Cost Annual Capital Requirement Gate Valves 65 $79,491 $1,325 Hydrants 50 $1,082,093 $6,657 Service Connections 154 $430,273 $7,171 Water Mains 7526.6 m $22,168,062 $62,734 Water Treatment Plant 50 $11,210,963 $503,007 Total $34,970,882 $580,894 Each asset's replacement cost should be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are needed to more accurate represent realistic capital requirements. Replacement Cost Condition Financial Capacity $34.9 million Good (66%) Annual Requirement: $580,894 Funding Available: $223,707 Annual Deficit: $357,187 55 10.3 Asset Condition & Age The table below identifies the current average condition, the average age, and the estimated useful life for each asset segment. The average condition (%) is a weighted value based on replacement cost. Asset Segment Estimated Useful Life Average Age Average Condition Gate Valves 60 Years 43 Years 9 Months 67% (Good) Hydrants 60 Years 38 Years 10 Months 82% (Very Good) Service Connections 60 Years 43 Years 9 Months 65% (Good) Water Mains 60 Years 43 Years 9 Months 68% (Good) Water Treatment Plant 10 - 50 Years 17 Years 1 Month 65% (Good) Average: 33 Years 9 Months 66% (Good) The graph below visually illustrates the average condition for each asset segment on a very good to very poor scale. 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 Gate Valves Hydrants Service Connections Water Mains Water Treatment Plant Total Replacement Cost $34.0M Series 1 56 To ensure that the Township's water network continues to provide an acceptable level of service, the Township should monitor the average condition of all assets. If the average condition declines, staff should re-evaluate their lifecycle management strategy to determine what combination of maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement activities is required to increase the overall condition of the water network. Each asset's Estimated Useful Life should also be reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments need to be made to better align with the observed length of service life for each asset type. 10.3.1 Current Approach to Condition Assessment Accurate and reliable condition data allows staff to determine the remaining service life of assets and identify the most cost-effective approach to managing assets. The following describes the Town's current approach: - Staff primarily rely on the age and material of water mains to determine the projected condition of water mains - The only formal condition assessment program in place for the water distribution system is the annual hydrant inspection / system flushing program - The Treatment Plant operators perform daily rounds and repair and/or rehabilitation is based on their recommendations The following rating criteria is used to determine the current condition of water network assets and forecast future capital requirements: Condition Rating Very Good 80-100 Good 60-80 Fair 40-60 Poor 20-40 Very Poor 0-20 57 10.4 Lifecycle Management Strategy The condition or performance of most assets will deteriorate over time. To ensure that municipal assets are performing as expected and meeting the needs of customers, it is important to establish a lifecycle management strategy to proactively manage asset deterioration. The following table outlines the Township's current lifecycle management strategy. Activity Type Description of Current Strategy Maintenance Main flushing is completed once a year using in-house resources with the hydrant inspection program Replacement Mains are simply maintained with the goal of full replacement once it reaches its end-of-life Replacement activities are identified based on an analysis of the main break rate as well as any coloured water complaints received 10.4.1 Forecasted Capital Requirements The following graph forecasts long-term capital requirements. The annual capital requirement represents the average amount per year that the Township of Machin should allocate towards funding rehabilitation and replacement needs. The following graph identifies capital requirements over the next 50 years. This projection is used as it ensures that every asset has gone through one full iteration of replacement. The forecasted requirements are aggregated into 5-year bins and the trend line represents the average 5-year capital requirements. The projected cost of lifecycle activities that will need to be undertaken over the next 10 years to maintain the current level of service can be found in Appendix B. 58 10.5 Risk & Criticality The following risk matrix provides a visual representation of the relationship between the probability of failure and the consequence of failure for the assets within this asset category based on 2024 inventory data. See Appendix D for the criteria used to determine the risk rating of each asset. This is a high-level model developed for the purposes of Township staff to utilize for prioritization and it should be reviewed and adjusted to reflect an evolving understanding of both the probability and consequences of asset failure. The asset-specific attributes that municipal staff utilize to define and prioritize the criticality of the water network are documented below: Probability of Failure (POF) Consequence of Failure (COF) Condition (Structural) Replacement Cost (Financial 70%) Service Life Remaining (Functional) Pipe Diameter (Operational 15%) Traffic Counts (Operational 15%) The identification of critical assets allows the Township to determine risk mitigation strategies and treatment options. Risk mitigation may include asset-specific lifecycle strategies, condition assessment strategies, or simply the need to collect better asset data. 59 10.6 Levels of Service The following tables identify the Township's current level of service for the water network. Cost Performance (Average Condition) Risk These metrics include the technical and community level of service metrics that are required as part of O. Reg. 588/17. 10.6.1 Community Levels of Service The following table outlines the qualitative descriptions that determine the community levels of service provided by water network. Service Attribute Qualitative Description Current LOS (2024) Scope Description, which may include maps, of the user groups or areas of the municipality that are connected to the municipal water system Vermillion Bay has a municipally owned and operated water system Description, which may include maps, of the user groups or areas of the municipality that have fire flow Vermillion Bay is the only area with municipal water which also provides fire flows Reliability Description of boil water advisories and service interruptions In 2020 and 2021 there were no boil water advisories or watermain breaks 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 Average Annual Capital Funding Average Annual Capital Requirements 22% 17% 6% 44% 12% 12% 0% 2% 69% 17% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 60 10.6.2 Technical Levels of Service The following table outlines the quantitative metrics that determine the technical level of service provided by the water network. Service Attribute Technical Metric Current LOS (2024) Scope % of properties connected to the municipal water system 23% % of properties where fire flow is available 23% Reliability # of connection-days per year where a boil water advisory notice is in place compared to the total number of properties connected to the municipal water system 0 # of connection-days per year where water is not available due to water main breaks compared to the total number of properties connected to the municipal water system 0 10.7 Recommendations Replacement Costs - Gather accurate replacement costs and update on a regular basis to ensure the accuracy of capital projections. Condition Assessment Strategies - Identify condition assessment strategies for high value and high-risk water network assets. Risk Management Strategies - Implement risk-based decision-making as part of asset management planning and budgeting processes. This should include the regular review of high-risk assets to determine appropriate risk mitigation strategies. - Review risk models on a regular basis and adjust according to an evolving understanding of the probability and consequences of asset failure. Levels of Service - Continue to measure current levels of service. Additional metrics can be established as they are determined to provide meaningful and reliable inputs into asset management planning. - Work towards identifying proposed levels of service as per O. Reg. 588/17 and identify the strategies that are required to close any gaps between current and proposed levels of service. 61 11 Impacts of Growth 11.1 Key Insights - Understanding the key drivers of growth and demand will allow the Township to plan for new infrastructure more effectively, and the upgrade or disposal of existing infrastructure - The Township has experienced higher than projected population growth - The costs of growth should be considered in long-term funding strategies that are designed to maintain the current level of service 11.2 Description of Growth Assumptions The demand for infrastructure and services will change over time based on a combination of internal and external factors. Understanding the key drivers of growth and demand will allow the Township to plan for new infrastructure, as well as the upgrade or disposal of existing infrastructure. Increases or decreases in demand can affect what assets are needed and what level of service meets the needs of the community. 11.2.1 Machin Strategic Plan (2017 - 2022) The Township strategic vision is: "Machin will be known as an innovative and growing community that is diverse in culture, people and its economy, offering a safe place where quality of life can be enjoyed in a beautiful setting." The Township of Machin has a strategic mission that states: "To promote a diversified community and economy based on sustainability by strengthening and enhancing community infrastructure, services and activities, while engaging people and celebrating Machin as a beautiful and safe place to play, live and learn." The population in Machin from 2006 to 2011 declined 4.4%, however since then the population has been on incline increasing by 8.2% from 2011 to 2024. The Township is currently working on promoting infilling within the community as well as a subdivision development project to redevelop the old airport property. 62 11.3 Impact of Growth on Lifecycle Activities By July 1, 2025, the Township's asset management plan must include a discussion of how the assumptions regarding future changes in population and economic activity informed the preparation of the lifecycle management and financial strategy. Planning for forecasted population growth may require the expansion of existing infrastructure and services. As growth-related assets are constructed or acquired, they should be integrated into the Township's asset management program. While the addition of residential units will add to the existing assessment base and offset some of the costs associated with growth, the Township will need to review the lifecycle costs of growth-related infrastructure. 63 12 Financial Strategy 12.1 Key Insights - The Township is committing approximately $541,335 towards capital projects per year - Given the annual capital requirement of $1,452,430, there is currently a funding gap of $911,094 annually - For tax-funded assets, we recommend increasing tax revenues by 1.2% each year for the next 20 years to achieve a sustainable level of funding - For the water network, increasing rate revenues by 1.9% annually for the next 40 years to achieve a sustainable level of funding 12.2 Financial Strategy Overview For an asset management plan to be effective and meaningful, it must be integrated with financial planning and long-term budgeting. The development of a comprehensive financial plan will allow the Township to identify the financial resources required for sustainable asset management based on existing asset inventories, desired levels of service, and projected growth requirements. A financial plan was developed by presenting several scenarios for consideration and culminating with final recommendations. As outlined below, the scenarios presented model different combinations of the following components: 1. The financial requirements for: a. Existing assets b. Existing service levels c. Requirements of contemplated changes in service levels (none currently identified) d. Requirements of anticipated growth (none identified for this plan) 2. Use of traditional sources of municipal funds: a. Tax levies b. User fees c. Reserves d. Debt 3. Use of non-traditional sources of municipal funds: a. Reallocated budgets b. Partnerships c. Procurement methods 4. Use of Senior Government Funds: a. Canada Community Building Fund (CCBF) b. Annual grants 64 Note: Periodic grants are not included due to Provincial requirements for firm commitments. However, if moving a specific project forward is wholly dependent on receiving a one-time grant, the replacement cost included in the financial strategy is the net of such grant being received. If the financial plan results in a funding shortfall, the province requires the inclusion of a specific plan as to how the shortfall will be managed. In determining the legitimacy of a funding shortfall, the province may evaluate an approach to the following: 1. To reduce financial requirements, consideration has been given to revising service levels downward. 2. All asset management and financial strategies have been considered. For example: If a zero-debt policy is in place, is it warranted? If not, the use of debt should be considered. 12.3 Annual Requirements & Capital Funding 12.3.1 Annual Requirements The annual requirements represent the amount the Township should allocate annually to each asset category to meet replacement needs as they arise, prevent infrastructure backlogs, and achieve long-term sustainability. In total, the Township must allocate approximately $1.45 million annually to address capital requirements for the asset inventory. For most asset categories the annual requirement has been calculated based on a "replacement only" scenario, in which capital costs are only incurred at the construction and replacement of each asset. However, for the road network, lifecycle management strategies have been developed to identify capital costs that are realized through strategic rehabilitation and renewal. The development of these strategies allows for a comparison of potential cost avoidance if the strategies were to be implemented. 65 The following table compares two scenarios for the road network: - Replacement Only Scenario: Based on the assumption that assets deteriorate and - without regularly scheduled maintenance and rehabilitation - are replaced at the end of their service life. - Lifecycle Strategy Scenario: Based on the assumption that lifecycle activities are performed at strategic intervals to extend the service life of assets until replacement is required. Asset Category Annual Requirements (Replacement Only) Annual Requirements (Lifecycle Strategy) Difference Road Network $298,908 $136,102 $162,806 The implementation of a proactive lifecycle strategy for roads leads to a potential annual cost avoidance of approximately $162,800 for the road network. This represents an overall reduction of the annual requirements by 54%. As the lifecycle strategy scenario represents the lowest cost option available to the Township, we have used this annual requirement in the development of the financial strategy. Annual Funding Available Based on a historical analysis of sustainable capital funding sources, the Township is committing approximately $849,078 towards capital projects per year from sustainable revenue sources. Given the annual capital requirement of $1,452,429, there is currently a funding gap of $603,351 annually. 12.4 Funding Objective We have developed a scenario that would enable Machin to achieve full funding within 1 to 20 years for the following assets: 1. Tax Funded Assets: Buildings, Machinery & Equipment, Road Network, Land Improvements, Bridges & Culverts, & Vehicles 2. Rate Funded Assets: Water Network For each scenario developed we have included strategies, where applicable, regarding the use of cost containment and funding opportunities. 66 12.5 Financial Profile - Tax Funded Assets 12.5.1 Current Funding Position The following tables show, by asset category, Machin's average annual asset investment requirements, current funding positions, and funding increases required to achieve full funding on assets funded by taxes. Asset Category Avg. Annual Requirement Annual Funding Available Annual Deficit / Surplus Taxes CCBF OCIF Total Available Bridges & Culverts 87,237 19,056 - - 19,056 68,181 Buildings 250,582 54,737 - - 54,737 195,845 Land Improvements 104,771 22,886 - - 22,886 81,885 Machinery & Equipment 214,316 46,815 - - 46,815 167,501 Road Network 136,102 29,730 - 127,251 156,981 -20,879 Vehicles 78,525 17,153 - - 17,153 61,372 871,534 190,377 - 127,251 317,628 553,906 The average annual investment requirement for the above categories is $871,500. Annual revenue currently allocated to these assets for capital purposes is $317,600 leaving an annual deficit of $553,900. Put differently, these infrastructure categories are currently funded at 36% of their long-term requirements. 12.5.2 Full Funding Requirements In 2022, Township of Machin will have an annual tax revenue of $2,026,800. As illustrated in the following table, without consideration of any other sources of revenue or cost containment strategies, full funding would require the following tax change over time: Asset Category Tax Change Required for Full Funding Bridges & Culverts 3.4% Buildings 9.7% Land Improvements 4.0% Machinery & Equipment 8.3% Road Network -1.0% Vehicles 3.0% 27.4% 67 In the following tables, we have expanded the above scenario to present multiple options. Due to the significant increases required, we have provided phase-in options of up to 20 years: 5 Years 10 Years 15 Years 20 Years Infrastructure Deficit 553,906 553,906 553,906 553,906 Change in Debt Costs - - - - Change in OCIF Grants - - - - Resulting Infrastructure Deficit: 553,906 553,906 553,906 553,906 Tax Increase Required 27.3% 27.3% 27.3% 27.3% Annual 5.0% 2.4% 1.6% 1.2% 12.5.3 Financial Strategy Recommendations Considering all the above information, we recommend the 20-year option. This involves full funding being achieved over 20 years by: - increasing tax revenues by 1.2% each year for the next 20 years solely for the purpose of phasing in full funding to the tax funded asset categories - allocating the current CCBF and OCIF revenue as outlined previously. - should the scheduled OCIF grant increase, the Township should reduce the annual tax increase by an amount equal to the grant increase as it occurs. - reallocating appropriate revenue from categories in a surplus position to those in a deficit position. - increasing existing and future infrastructure budgets by the applicable inflation index on an annual basis in addition to the deficit phase-in. Notes: 1. As in the past, periodic senior government infrastructure funding will most likely be available during the phase-in period. By Provincial AMP rules, this periodic funding cannot be incorporated into an AMP unless there are firm commitments in place. We have included OCIF formula-based funding since this funding is a multi-year commitment1. 2. We realize that raising tax revenues by the amounts recommended above for infrastructure purposes will be very difficult to do. However, considering a longer phase-in window may have even greater consequences in terms of infrastructure failure. 1 The Township should take advantage of all available grant funding programs and transfers from other levels of government. While OCIF has historically been considered a sustainable source of funding, the program is currently undergoing review by the provincial government. 68 Although this option achieves full capital funding on an annual basis in 20 years and provides financial sustainability over the period modeled, the recommendations do require prioritizing capital projects to fit the resulting annual funding available. Prioritizing future projects will require the current data to be replaced by condition- based data. Although our recommendations include no further use of debt, the results of the condition-based analysis may require otherwise. 12.6 Financial Profile: Rate Funded Assets 12.6.1 Current Funding Position The following tables shows Machin's average annual asset capital expenditure requirements, current funding positions, and funding increases required to achieve full funding on water network assets funded by user rates. Asset Category Avg. Annual Requirement Annual Funding Available Annual Deficit / Surplus Rates Green Stream CCBF Total Available Water Network 580,894 0 162,116 61,591 223,707 357,187 The average annual capital requirement for the water network is $580,890. Annual revenue currently allocated to the Water Network for capital purposes is $223,707 leaving an annual deficit of $357,187. Put differently, this infrastructure category is currently funded at 38.5% of the long-term requirements. 12.6.2 Full Funding Requirements In 2022, Machin had budgeted annual Water Network revenues of $307,740. As illustrated in the following table, without consideration of any other sources of revenue or cost containment strategies, full funding would require the following tax change over time: Asset Category Tax Change Required for Full Funding Water Network 116.1% In the following tables, we have expanded the above scenario to present multiple options. Due to the significant increases required, we have provided phase-in options of up to 40 years: 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years 40 Years Infrastructure Deficit 357,187 357,187 357,187 357,187 Rate Increase Required 116.1% 116.1% 116.1% 116.1% Annual 16.7% 8.0% 3.9% 1.9% 69 12.6.3 Financial Strategy Recommendations Considering the above information, we recommend the 20-year option for the water network, however, raising the water rates by 3.9% annually for infrastructure only (in addition to the rate study recommendations of 2% for operations) staff are recommending extending the phase in. This plan is extending the implementation of full capital funding being achieved over 40 years by: - increasing rate revenues by 1.9% for the Water Network each year for the next 40 years. - these rate revenue increases are solely for the purpose of phasing in full capital funding. - increasing existing and future infrastructure budgets by the applicable inflation index on an annual basis in addition to the deficit phase-in. Notes: 1. As in the past, periodic senior government infrastructure funding will most likely be available during the phase-in period. This periodic funding should not be incorporated into an AMP unless there are firm commitments in place. 2. A longer phase-in window may have even greater consequences in terms of infrastructure failure. 3. Any increase in rates required for operations would be in addition to the above recommendations. Although this strategy achieves full capital funding for rate-funded assets over 40 years, the recommendation does require prioritizing capital projects to fit the annual funding available. Prioritizing future projects will require the current data to be replaced by condition-based data. Although our recommendations include no further use of debt, the results of the condition-based analysis may require otherwise. 70 12.7 Use of Debt For reference purposes, the following table outlines the premium paid on a project if financed by debt. For example, a $1M project financed at 3.0%2 over 15 years would result in a 26% premium or $260,000 of increased costs due to interest payments. For simplicity, the table does not consider the time value of money or the effect of inflation on delayed projects. Interest Rate Number of Years Financed 5 10 15 20 25 30 7.0% 22% 42% 65% 89% 115% 142% 6.5% 20% 39% 60% 82% 105% 130% 6.0% 19% 36% 54% 74% 96% 118% 5.5% 17% 33% 49% 67% 86% 106% 5.0% 15% 30% 45% 60% 77% 95% 4.5% 14% 26% 40% 54% 69% 84% 4.0% 12% 23% 35% 47% 60% 73% 3.5% 11% 20% 30% 41% 52% 63% 3.0% 9% 17% 26% 34% 44% 53% 2.5% 8% 14% 21% 28% 36% 43% 2.0% 6% 11% 17% 22% 28% 34% 1.5% 5% 8% 12% 16% 21% 25% 1.0% 3% 6% 8% 11% 14% 16% 0.5% 2% 3% 4% 5% 7% 8% 0.0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% It should be noted that current interest rates are near all-time lows. Sustainable funding models that include debt need to incorporate the risk of rising interest rates. The following graph shows where historical lending rates have been: 2 Current municipal Infrastructure Ontario rates for 15-year money is 3.2%. 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% Historical Prime Business Interest Rate 71 A change in 15-year rates from 3% to 6% would change the premium from 26% to 54%. Such a change would have a significant impact on a financial plan. The following tables outline how Machin has historically used debt for investing in the asset categories as listed. Asset Category Current Debt Outstanding Use of Debt in the Last Five Years 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Water Network 847,000 - - - - - Asset Category Principal & Interest Payments in the Next Ten Years 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2032 Water Network $86,514 $86,282 $86,045 81,627 $77,383 $77,383 $66,328 The revenue options outlined in this plan allow Municipality of Machin to fully fund its long-term infrastructure requirements without further use of debt. 12.8 Use of Reserves 12.8.1 Available Reserves Reserves play a critical role in long-term financial planning. The benefits of having reserves available for infrastructure planning include: - the ability to stabilize tax rates when dealing with variable and sometimes uncontrollable factors - financing one-time or short-term investments - accumulating the funding for significant future infrastructure investments - managing the use of debt - normalizing infrastructure funding requirements The table below outlines the details of the reserves currently available to fund capital assets. Reserve Name Balance on December 31, 2023 Buildings $313,959 Machinery & Equipment $199,673 Road Network $280,181 Land Improvements $222,262 Bridges & Culverts $194,292 Vehicles $199,672 Total Tax Funded: $1,410,039 72 Water Network $226,831 There is considerable debate in the municipal sector as to the appropriate level of reserves that a Township should have on hand. There is no clear guideline that has gained wide acceptance. Factors that municipalities should consider when determining their capital reserve requirements include: - breadth of services provided - age and condition of infrastructure - use and level of debt - economic conditions and outlook - internal reserve and debt policies. These reserves are available for use by applicable asset categories during the phase-in period to full funding. This coupled with Municipality of Machin's judicious use of debt in the past, allows the scenarios to assume that, if required, available reserves and debt capacity can be used for high priority and emergency infrastructure investments in the short- to medium-term. 12.9 Recommendation In 2025, Ontario Regulation 588/17 will require Machin to integrate proposed levels of service for all asset categories in its asset management plan update. We recommend that future planning should reflect adjustments to service levels and their impacts on reserve balances. 73 13 Appendices 13.1 Key Insights - Appendix A includes a one-page report card with an overview of key data from each asset category - Appendix B identifies projected 10-year capital requirements for each asset category - Appendix C includes several maps that have been used to visualize the current level of service - Appendix D identifies the criteria used to calculate risk for each asset category - Appendix E provides additional guidance on the development of a condition assessment program 74 Appendix A: Infrastructure Report Card Asset Category Replacement Cost (millions) Asset Condition Financial Capacity Road Network $7.7 Poor (22%) Annual Requirement: $136,100 Funding Available: $156,980 Annual Deficit/Surplus: $(20,880) Bridges & Culverts $4.29 Fair (58%) Annual Requirement: $87,240 Funding Available: $19,060 Annual Deficit: $68,180 Buildings $9.1 Poor (37%) Annual Requirement: $250,580 Funding Available: $54,740 Annual Deficit: $195,840 Vehicles $1.3 Good (75%) Annual Requirement: $78,525 Funding Available: $17,150 Annual Deficit: $61,375 Machinery & Equipment $2.66 Poor (37%) Annual Requirement: $214,316 Funding Available: $46,815 Annual Deficit: $167,501 Land Improvements $2.2 Poor (24%) Annual Requirement: $104,771 Funding Available: $22,886 Annual Deficit: $81,885 Water Network $14 Good (66%) Annual Requirement: $580,894 Funding Available: $223,707 Annual Deficit: $357,187 Overall $41.3 Good (71%) Annual Requirement: $1,452,429 Funding Available: $849,078 Annual Deficit: $603,351 75 Appendix B: 10-Year Capital Requirements The following tables identify the capital cost requirements for each of the next 10 years to meet projected capital requirements and maintain the current level of service. Summary Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Bridges & Culverts $682,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Buildings $1,581,027 $834,932 $0 $3,165,990 $0 $0 $774,646 $0 $0 $10,784 $0 Land Improvements $1,423,301 $0 $228,080 $0 $0 $147,093 $0 $0 $6,977 $0 $0 Machinery & Equipment $1,404,884 $3,398 $0 $373,377 $63,620 $28,942 $57,624 $23,006 $50,051 $28,942 $35,290 Road Network $0 $81,140 $181,029 $74,947 $144,484 $136,326 $0 $11,197 $10,744 $124,987 $136,326 Vehicles $133,350 $0 $0 $2,010 $50,009 $188,505 $0 $0 $91,284 $55,780 $0 Water Network $3,448,132 $0 $115,165 $0 $0 $192,299 $11,388 $0 $0 $0 $7,228,570 Total $8,672,693 $919,470 $524,273 $3,616,324 $258,113 $693,166 $843,659 $34,204 $159,055 $220,493 $7,400,187 Road Network Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Asphalt (HCB) $0 $0 $79,237 $3,747 $93,715 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Gravel $0 $0 $11,197 $10,744 $732 $136,326 $0 $11,197 $10,744 $732 $136,326 Street Lights $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $124,255 $0 Surface Treatment (LCB) $0 $81,140 $90,594 $60,456 $50,036 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total: $0 $81,140 $181,029 $74,947 $144,484 $136,326 $0 $11,197 $10,744 $124,987 $136,326 76 Bridges & Culverts Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Bridges $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Culverts $682,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total: $682,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Buildings Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Environmental $16,184 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $10,784 $0 Fire $114,624 $834,932 $0 $2,654 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 General Government $704,097 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Health $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Recreation $333,003 $0 $0 $3,163,336 $0 $0 $774,646 $0 $0 $0 $0 Transportation $413,120 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total: $1,581,027 $834,932 $0 $3,165,990 $0 $0 $774,646 $0 $0 $10,784 $0 Machinery & Equipment Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Environmental $50,301 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Fire $244,002 $0 $0 $373,377 $49,784 $0 $34,265 $0 $29,666 $0 $21,453 General Government $306,325 $0 $0 $0 $13,837 $28,942 $18,319 $13,837 $8,283 $28,942 $13,837 Health $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $5,041 $9,170 $0 $0 $0 Recreation $171,732 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $9,829 $0 $0 Transportation $632,524 $3,398 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,272 $0 $0 Total: $1,404,884 $3,398 $0 $373,377 $63,620 $28,942 $57,624 $23,006 $50,051 $28,942 $35,290 77 Vehicles Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Fire $108,732 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 General Government $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $31,162 $0 Transportation $24,618 $0 $0 $2,010 $50,009 $188,505 $0 $0 $91,284 $24,618 $0 Total: $133,350 $0 $0 $2,010 $50,009 $188,505 $0 $0 $91,284 $55,780 $0 Land Improvements Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Environmental $33,383 $0 $0 $0 $0 $147,093 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Fire $41,685 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 General Government $223,539 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $6,977 $0 $0 Health $16,083 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Recreation $371,113 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Transportation $737,498 $0 $228,080 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total: $1,423,301 $0 $228,080 $0 $0 $147,093 $0 $0 $6,977 $0 $0 Water Network Segment Backlog 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Gate Valves $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Hydrants $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Service Connections $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Water Mains $1,766,864 $0 $115,165 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Water Treatment Plant $1,681,268 $0 $0 $0 $0 $192,299 $11,388 $0 $0 $0 $7,228,570 Total: $3,448,132 $0 $115,165 $0 $0 $192,299 $11,388 $0 $0 $0 $7,228,570 78 Appendix C: Level of Service Maps Road Network Map 79 Images of Bridge in Good Condition 80 Appendix D: Risk Rating Criteria Asset Category Asset Segment Risk Criteria Criteria Weighting (%) Sub-Criteria Weighting (%) Value/Range Score General / Corporate COF Economic 100% Replacement Cost 100% 0 - 5,000 5,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 100,000 100,000 - 250,000 >250,000 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major 5 - Severe POF Structural 60% Age Based Condition 100% 80 - 100 60 - 79 40 - 59 20 - 39 0 - 19 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain Functional 40% Service Life Remaining 100% > 40 20 - 30 10 - 20 1 - 10 < 1 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain 81 Asset Category Asset Segment Risk Criteria Criteria Weighting (%) Sub-Criteria Weighting (%) Value/Range Score Bridges & Culverts Bridges COF Economic 70% Replacement Cost 100% 0 - 5,000 5,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 100,000 100,000 - 250,000 >250,000 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major 5 - Severe Operational 30 Capacity - Load Limit 50% No Yes 1 - Insignificant 4 - Major Detour Length 50% < 10km 10km to 20km > 20km 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely POF Structural 60% Assessed Condition 100% 80 - 100 60 - 79 40 - 59 20 - 39 0 - 19 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain Functional 40% Service Life Remaining 100% > 40 20 - 30 10 - 20 1 - 10 < 1 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain 82 Asset Category Asset Segment Risk Criteria Criteria Weighting (%) Sub-Criteria Weighting (%) Value/Range Score Bridges & Culverts Continued Culverts COF Economic 70% Replacement Cost 100% 0 - 5,000 5,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 100,000 100,000 - 250,000 >250,000 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major 5 - Severe Operational 30% Traffic Range 50% Non- Maintained 0-49 50-199 200-399 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major Width/Diameter 50% <=500mm <=750mm <=1500mm <=2000mm <=3000mm 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major 5 - Severe POF Structural 60% Assessed Condition 100% 80 - 100 60 - 79 40 - 59 20 - 39 0 - 19 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain Functional 40% Service Life Remaining 100% > 40 20 - 30 10 - 20 1 - 10 < 1 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain 83 Asset Category Asset Segment Risk Criteria Criteria Weighting (%) Sub-Criteria Weighting (%) Value/Range Score Road Network Roads COF Economic 70% Replacement Cost 100% 0 - 25,000 25,000 - 50,000 50,000 - 100,000 100,000 - 250,000 >250,000 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major 5 - Severe Operational 30% Traffic Range 50% Non- Maintained 0-49 50-199 200-399 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major Surface Type 50% Gravel Surface Treatment Asphalt 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major POF Structural 60% Assessed Condition 100% 80 - 100 60 - 79 40 - 59 20 - 39 0 - 19 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain Functional 40% Service Life Remaining 100% > 40 20 - 30 10 - 20 1 - 10 < 1 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain 84 Asset Category Asset Segment Risk Criteria Criteria Weighting (%) Sub-Criteria Weighting (%) Value/Range Score Water Network Watermains COF Economic 70% Replacement Cost 100% 0 - 5,000 5,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 100,000 100,000 - 250,000 >250,000 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major 5 - Severe Operational 30% Traffic Range 50% Non- Maintained 0-49 50-199 200-399 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major Width/Diameter 50% <=100mm <=200mm <=300mm <=400mm <=600mm 1 - Insignificant 2 - Minor 3 - Moderate 4 - Major 5 - Severe POF Structural 60% Assessed Condition 100% 80 - 100 60 - 79 40 - 59 20 - 39 0 - 19 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain Functional 40% Service Life Remaining 100% > 40 20 - 30 10 - 20 1 - 10 < 1 1 - Rare 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain 85 Appendix E: Condition Assessment Guidelines The foundation of good asset management practice is accurate and reliable data on the current condition of infrastructure. Assessing the condition of an asset at a single point in time allows staff to have a better understanding of the probability of asset failure due to deteriorating condition. Condition data is vital to the development of data-driven asset management strategies. Without accurate and reliable asset data, there may be little confidence in asset management decision-making which can lead to premature asset failure, service disruption and suboptimal investment strategies. To prevent these outcomes, the Township's condition assessment strategy should outline several key considerations, including: - The role of asset condition data in decision-making - Guidelines for the collection of asset condition data - A schedule for how regularly asset condition data should be collected Role of Asset Condition Data The goal of collecting asset condition data is to ensure that data is available to inform maintenance and renewal programs required to meet the desired level of service. Accurate and reliable condition data allows municipal staff to determine the remaining service life of assets, and identify the most cost-effective approach to deterioration, whether it involves extending the life of the asset through remedial efforts or determining that replacement is required to avoid asset failure. In addition to the optimization of lifecycle management strategies, asset condition data also impacts the Township's risk management and financial strategies. Assessed condition is a key variable in the determination of an asset's probability of failure. With a strong understanding of the probability of failure across the entire asset portfolio, the Township can develop strategies to mitigate both the probability and consequences of asset failure and service disruption. Furthermore, with condition-based determinations of future capital expenditures, the Township can develop long-term financial strategies with higher accuracy and reliability. 86 Guidelines for Condition Assessment Whether completed by external consultants or internal staff, condition assessments should be completed in a structured and repeatable fashion, according to consistent and objective assessment criteria. Without proper guidelines for the completion of condition assessments there can be little confidence in the validity of condition data and asset management strategies based on this data. Condition assessments must include a quantitative or qualitative assessment of the current condition of the asset, collected according to specified condition rating criteria, in a format that can be used for asset management decision-making. As a result, it is important that staff adequately define the condition rating criteria that should be used and the assets that require a discrete condition rating. When engaging with external consultants to complete condition assessments, it is critical that these details are communicated as part of the contractual terms of the project. There are many options available to the Township to complete condition assessments. In some cases, external consultants may need to be engaged to complete detailed technical assessments of infrastructure. In other cases, internal staff may have sufficient expertise or training to complete condition assessments. Developing a Condition Assessment Schedule Condition assessments and general data collection can be both time-consuming and resource intensive. It is not necessarily an effective strategy to collect assessed condition data across the entire asset inventory. Instead, the Township should prioritize the collection of assessed condition data based on the anticipated value of this data in decision-making. The International Infrastructure Management Manual (IIMM) identifies four key criteria to consider when making this determination: 1. Relevance: every data item must have a direct influence on the output that is required 2. Appropriateness: the volume of data and the frequency of updating should align with the stage in the assets life and the service being provided 3. Reliability: the data should be sufficiently accurate, have sufficient spatial coverage and be appropriately complete and current 4. Affordability: the data should be affordable to collect and maintain