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Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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Corporation of the Town of Newmarket
By-law 2018-31
OFFICE CONSOLIDATION
This is a consolidation of the Town's By-law to Regulate the Use,
Alteration, and Occupancy of Highways Under the Jurisdiction of the
Municipality in the Town of Newmarket, being By-law 2018-31, as amended
by the below listed by-laws and is prepared for reference and information
purposes only. The following consolidation is an electronic reproduction
made available for information only. It is not an official version of By-law
2018-31. Official versions of all by-laws can be obtained from Legislative
Services by calling 905-953-5300. If there are any discrepancies between
this consolidation and By-law 2018-31 and listed amending by-laws the
official by-laws shall prevail.
2018-54 - September 24, 2018 Sections 14.1 & 14.4
A By-law to Regulate the Use, Alteration, and Occupancy of Highways Under
the Jurisdiction of the Municipality
Whereas Section8(1) of the Municipal Act, 2001, S.S. 2001, c.25, as
amended (the "Municipal Act") provides that the powers of a municipality
under any Act (as defined thereunder) shall be interpreted broadly so as to
confer broad authority on municipalities to enable them to govern their affairs
as they consider appropriate, and to enhance their ability to respond to
municipal issues; and,
Whereas Section 9 of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality has the
capacity, rights, powers and privileges of a natural person for the purpose of
exercising its authority under the Municipal Act; and,
Whereas Section 11(3)1 of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality may
pass by-laws within the following spheres of jurisdiction: Highways, including
parking and traffic on Highways; and,
Whereas Section 391(1) of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality may
pass by-laws imposing fees or charges on persons for services or activities
provided by the municipality or done on behalf of it; and,
Whereas Section 436(1) of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality may
pass by-laws providing for the entry onto land at any reasonable time for the
purpose of carrying out an inspection to determine compliance with a by-law;
and,
Whereas Section 429(1) of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality may
establish a system of fines for a by-law passed under the Municipal Act; and,
Whereas Section 444 of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality may
make an order to require a person to discontinue contravening a by-law and
to do work required to correct the contravention; and,
Whereas Section 446 of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality may
proceed to do things at a person's expense which that person is otherwise
required to do under a by-law but has failed to do and the costs incurred by a
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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municipality may be recovered by adding the cots to the tax roll and collecting
them in the same manner as taxes; and,
Whereas Section 23.1 of the Municipal Act provides that a municipality may
delegate its powers and duties under the Act subject to such conditions and
limits as the council of the municipality consider appropriate; and,
Whereas the Council of the Corporation of the Town of Newmarket desires to
repeal and replace By-law 2015-16 with an updated road occupancy by-law;
Now therefore be it enacted by the Council of the Corporation of the Town of
Newmarket as follows:
1.0
Short Title
1.1
This By-law shall be known as the "Road Occupancy By-law".
2.0
Definitions
Alter means to change in any manner and includes excavate, disturb,
restore, renovate, or repair, and "alteration" has a corresponding meaning.
Appeals Committee means the Appeal Committee established by the
Town.
Applicant means a Person making application for a Permit.
Boulevard means the portion of the Highway between a property line and
the boundary line of the Roadway.
Construction means anything done in the erection, installation, extension or
material alteration, demolition, or repairs of a building, structure, or utility, or
surface grading and includes landscaping.
Contractor means any Person alone or with others undertaking
Construction on a Highway.
Damage means harm or injury to the Boulevard or Roadway, including
without limitation, harm, injury, disturbance, cracking, cutting, gouging or
displacement of or to the pavement, curb or sidewalk, landscaping, trees,
retaining walls, municipal appurtenances, Street Furniture resulting from the
use of the Boulevard or Roadway to occupy or perform Construction such
that, in the sole opinion of the Director, the Boulevard or Roadway is not in
its pre-construction condition.
Director means the Director of Public Works Services for the Town or
designate.
Emergency means a situation that poses a threat to public health or safety
and includes a disruption of services supplied by the public utilities or the
Town.
Highway includes a common and public highway, street, avenue, parkway,
drive, square, place, bridge, viaduct or trestle, or sidewalk, any part of which
is intended for or used by the general public for pedestrian and/or vehicular
passage and includes a Boulevard and Roadway.
Landscape or Construction Material including gravel, soil, sod, bricks,
paving stones, landscaping rocks, wooden planks or boards.
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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Newmarket Standard means The Town of Newmarket Standards, as
amended from time to time intended as guidelines for land development and
Town projects to aid in providing uniform designs throughout the municipality
and are to be used in conjunction with Ontario Provincial Standard Drawings
("O.P.S.D.").
Obstruct includes encumber, Damage, foul, block, or Alter, and
"obstruction" and "obstructing" have corresponding meanings.
Officer means a Police Officer as defined under the Police Services Act,
R.S.O. 1990, c. P15, as amended, an individual appointed by the Town as a
Municipal Law Enforcement Officer pursuant to section 15 of the Police
Services Act, as amended, or any other individual designated by the Town to
enforce this By-law.
Order includes a Work Order, Order to Comply and Order to Discontinue.
Outdoor Patio means a designated area within a Highway associated with
an eating establishment where food or drink is offered for sale and/or
consumed, and includes any required sidewalk extensions.
Permit means a Road Occupancy Permit issued by the Director pursuant to
this By-law, and any other permit as required to undertake Construction on
the Highway.
Permit Holder means the Applicant named in a Permit.
Person includes a natural individual, association or organization, firm,
partnership, Contractor, corporation, owner, agent or trustee and their heirs,
executors, assigns, administrators, or other legal representatives of an
individual, association or organization, firm or partnership of a Person to
whom the context can apply according to the By-law.
Public Utility means a municipality, a municipal board or commission, or a
corporation that provides Utility Service under the authority of any statute,
charter, by-law or franchise.
Roadway means the part of the Highway that is improved, designed and
ordinarily used for vehicular traffic, but does not include the Boulevard.
Security means cash, certified cheque, or letter of credit provided to the
Town to secure the performance by the Permit Holder of all its obligations
under a Permit and this By-law.
Street Furniture includes benches, garbage containers, hard rails, tables,
posts, signs, any other above ground appurtenance that is owned by the
Town and used by the public.
Town means the Municipal Corporation of the Town of Newmarket.
Utility Service means the production, transmission or supply to the public by
a Public Utility of necessities or conveniences and includes, but is not
limited to, the production, transmission and supply of gas, oil, water,
electricity, sewage and storm water services, telephone service, cable
television, and any other telecommunications service.
3.0
General Provisions
3.1
The Town maintains its right to enter onto any portion of a Roadway
or Boulevard and undertake any Construction needed to reinstate
the Roadway and/or Boulevard back to its original condition having
existed prior to private alterations made with or without a Permit.
3.2
The Town is not responsible for damage, maintenance or replacement
of any Alternations made to a Boulevard by a Person.
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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3.3
No Person shall Alter, occupy, Obstruct or Damage, cause or permit
the use of any Highway by:
3.3.1 depositing, throwing, spilling, tracking, cause or permit the
depositing, throwing, spilling or tracking of any material,
waste or sediment onto the Highway;
3.3.2 depositing of snow or ice on a Roadway, sidewalk, or onto
a Boulevard not contiguous with the property from where
the snow was moved;
3.3.3 the placement of any snow or ice, or any materials or
equipment, or any structures within 1.2 m, in any direction
of a fire hydrant;
3.3.4 Altering the grade on any Boulevard unless otherwise
approved by the Town;
3.3.5 cutting, Altering, extending, in any manner whatsoever of
a concrete curb, open or contained culvert, culvert
overpass or similar structure, or landscape feature;
3.3.6 allowing the direct discharge of water from any irrigation
system, sump pump or down spout onto a Highway;
3.3.7 creating any Obstruction within any ditch, gutter, or
watercourse on any Highway;
3.3.8 the placement of any debris on any portion of a Highway
except for items that are placed at the roadside and are
approved collectable under the Town's waste
management program;
3.3.9 the placement of any Landscape or Construction
Material, or bins on any portion of a Highway.
4.0
Specific Provisions
Road Occupancy Permit
4.1
No Person shall Alter, occupy, Obstruct or Damage, cause or permit
the use of any Highway without first having obtained a Permit.
4.2
No Person shall undertake Construction on land abutting a Highway,
which may affect the drainage of the Highway or require alteration of
Town infrastructure without first having obtained a Permit.
4.3
Without limiting the generality of Section 3.0, no Person shall Alter,
occupy, Obstruct or Damage, cause or permit the use of any
Highway without having obtained a Permit for any of the following:
4.3.1 the placement of equipment or motorized equipment other
than licensed motor vehicles on any portion of a Highway
4.3.2 Altering or damaging any portion of a Highway, including
but not limited to sod, trees, light poles, street signs
asphalt, road sub-base, concrete curb, sidewalk or other
appurtenance within the Highway; and
4.3.3 the placement, removing or moving of any Street
Furniture on any portion of a Highway.
Use of a Boulevard or Roadway
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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4.4
No Person shall in relation to a Boulevard or Roadway:
4.4.1 create or establish vehicle access to a property across a
Boulevard without approval of the Director.
4.4.2 construct a driveway apron crossing the Boulevard at
width greater than the curb cut at the street-line and
greater than the width of the driveway, as permitted under
the applicable Zoning By-law.
4.4.3 construct, install or place any raised curb, retaining wall or
similar feature, fence, post, light post, rock(s), decorative
wall, or landscape feature within 0.5 m of a sidewalk.
4.4.4 place, deposit or plant any object, which in the opinion of
the Town may impede the Town's ability to maintain the
Boulevard or Roadway, or create a hazard.
4.4.5 place, deposit or plant any object, or create any visual
Obstruction on any portion of the Boulevard or
Roadway.
4.4.6 leave an excavation open or unattended without first
securing the excavation with appropriate safety measures
and barricades, and warning or cautionary signage.
4.4.7 erect or maintain, without permission of the Town,
scaffolding needed to facilitate Construction on any
portion of the Boulevard or Roadway.
5.0
Exemptions
5.1
Any Person or Public Utility will not require a Permit from the Town
where:
5.1.1 the Highway is under the jurisdictional authority of the
Regional Municipality of York, Registered Condominium
Corporations, or is an unassumed land under the care and
control of a developer.
5.1.2 a road closure has been authorized by the Town and no
alteration to the Highway is needed.
5.1.3 Emergency repairs are required.
5.1.4 an Outdoor Patio has been authorized by the Town.
5.2
Notwithstanding the exemptions listed in Section 5.1, every Person or
Public Utility shall comply with the requirements of the Ministry of
Transportation Traffic Control Manual for Roadway Operations as
amended or replaced from time to time.
5.3
Subject to Section 5.1, when Public Utilities must complete work
relating to an Emergency, the Public Utility shall immediately notify
the Town, and on the next working day obtain a Permit, as required by
this By-law.
5.4
The provisions of this By-law do not apply to a motor vehicle legally
parked, licensed and operable pursuant to the regulations of the
Highway Traffic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H. 8, as amended.
5.5
The provisions of this By-law do not apply to activities undertaken by
any police force, fire department, paramedic or ambulance service in
the course of their regular duties.
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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6.0
Administration
Permit Administration
6.1
A Person who applies for a Permit under this By-law shall:
6.1.1 complete an application for the Permit on the forms as
provided by the Director;
6.1.2 submit the application along with the applicable fees and
charges as provided for in the Town's Fees & Charges
By-law; and,
6.1.3 provide any documentation, deposit or Security, and
insurance certificate(s), as required by the Director as
prerequisites and requirements for the issuance of the
Permit.
6.2
The issuance of a Permit under this By-law does not relieve any
Person from the necessity of acquiring any other license or permit, or
complying with any other applicable laws, by-laws, regulations, and
requirements of other governmental authorities.
6.3
A Permit is the property of the Town and is not transferable unless
otherwise authorized by the Director.
6.4
Every Applicant shall post with the Town the required deposit or
security, by way of certified cheque, debit card, or letter of credit, in a
form satisfactory to the Town. If deemed necessary by the Director,
the deposit or security shall be held by the Town for a period of up to
one year following the completion of Construction.
7.0
Permit Conditions
7.1
A Permit Holder shall comply or ensure compliance with all provisions
and conditions of the Permit and this By-law.
7.2
A Permit Holder shall provide and maintain a contact phone number
by which the Director or an Officer may reach the Permit Holder at
all times.
7.3
Every Permit Holder shall forthwith rectify damage, and shall reinstate
the Highway, to its original condition, to the satisfaction of the
Director.
7.4
Every Permit Holder shall provide all signs, barricades, traffic control
devices, flag persons, and other persons and equipment required by
the Director prior to the commencement of, and for the duration of, the
use and occupancy of the Highway.
7.5
Every Permit Holder shall maintain or provide alternate access to all
private and public properties for the duration of the use and occupancy
of the Highway and to keep such access free and clear of all mud,
debris and other materials.
7.6
Every Permit Holder shall agree to hold harmless, indemnify and
defend the Town, its elected officials employees and agents, from and
against any action, claim, loss, damage, cost or expense arising
directly or indirectly as a result of the issuance of a Permit to the
Permit Holder.
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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7.7
Every Permit Holder shall notify the police, emergency medical
services, the fire department, any public transportation service or
school bus service, and any property owner or occupant whose access
to their property may be affected by the use and occupancy of the
Highway.
7.8
A Permit shall become void if the work or activity authorized by the
Permit is not commenced within sixty (60) calendar days of the date
that the Permit is issued, and a new Permit shall be required if the
work or activity is to proceed.
7.9
In the event the permitted work or activity cannot be completed within
the time set out in the Permit, the Permit Holder must notify the
Director of the additional required time and the reasons therefor, and
shall request an extension of the Permit which extension may be
granted at the discretion of the Director who may impose additional
conditions upon the Permit.
7.10 Every Permit Holder shall effect all repairs and make all
improvements to the Highway as may be deemed necessary by the
Director to reinstate the Highway to the Newmarket Standard.
7.11 Every Permit Holder shall effect all repairs to real and personal
property adjacent to the Highway that has been damaged or destroyed
in the course of the use and occupancy of the Highway as may be
necessary to restore it to its pre-occupancy condition to the satisfaction
of the Director.
7.12 Town or the Public Utility, as the case may be, shall have the sole
right to determine who, at the expense of the Permit Holder, may
carry out any necessary repairs to any Highway or Utility Service that
has been damaged by a Permit Holder
7.13 In the event that a Permit Holder fails to undertake any work required
by the Director within such time as may be specified by the Director
by way of notice, the Director may arrange for the work to be done by
the Town or a third party, at the Permit Holder's expense.
7.14 Upon the final restoration of the Highway to the satisfaction of the
Director the Town shall:
(a) assume responsibility for maintaining the Highway, and any further
maintenance or repair works; and,
(b) release the Security or the remaining balance thereof to the
Permit Holder upon written request by the Permit Holder.
8.0
Issuance of a Permit
8.1
The Director shall refuse to issue a Permit where:
(a) the application is incomplete;
(b) the Permit fee has not been paid;
(c) the requisite insurance(s) has not been provided;
(d) Security has not been provided; or
(e) a 24 hour emergency contact telephone number has not been
provided.
8.2
The Director may refuse to issue a Permit where:
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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(a) the Applicant or their agent or Contractor has/have violated the
conditions of any previously issued Permits;
(b) the Applicant or their agent or Contractor has/have previously
committed an offence under this By-law;
(c) the Applicant has failed to reimburse the Town's costs and
expenses incurred for repairs under or in the administration of any
previously issued Permit;
(d) the Applicant proposes to Alter or Damage a Highway which was
constructed, reconstructed or resurfaced within the previous five (5)
years; or
(e) there exists such other reason(s) as the Director may deem
appropriate and which reasons shall be delivered in writing to the
Applicant upon request.
9.0
Compliance
9.1
The Director may revoke a Permit at any time for any of the following:
(a) if the Permit Holder and/or Contractor violates or permits the
violation of any condition of the Permit or of any provision of this
By-law;
(b) if the Permit Holder and/or Contractor violates or permits the
violation of any provision of any other law relating to the permitted
work or activity;
(c) for the existence of any condition or the doing of any act that:
(i)
constitutes a threat to public health and safety;
(ii)
is a nuisance; or
(iii)
endangers life or property;
(d) where the Permit has been issued on mistaken, false or
misleading information; and
(e) where the permitted work or activity is not carried out in a diligent
and workmanlike manner based on the sole discretion of the
Director.
9.2
In the event that a Permit has been revoked by the Director, the
Permit Holder shall:
(a) immediately cease and desist all activities for which the Permit
was issued; and
(b) immediately restore the Highway to the Newmarket Standard at
the Permit Holder's sole cost and expense, failing which the Town
may restore the Highway to the Newmarket Standard at the sole
cost and expense of the Permit Holder, and such cost and
expense shall be paid by the Permit Holder forthwith upon
demand.
9.3
The Director shall have the authority to issue an Order to any Person
who is Altering, Obstructing, Damaging or occupying any Highway
to immediately cease and desist from such activity and/or to restore the
Highway to the Newmarket Standard.
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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10.0 Emergency Repairs
10.1 Where the Director determines that an Obstruction of a Highway is
or may create a hazardous condition to the safety of any Person using
the Highway, the Director may take any action necessary to have the
Obstruction immediately removed, and the Highway repaired, if
necessary, and all costs incurred by the Town in undertaking this work
shall be expenses owed to the Town by the owner, occupant and/or
Contractor of the property from which the Obstruction comes from,
relates to, or was created for.
10.2 All work done by the Town pursuant to Section 10.1 hereof shall be
paid by the Applicant, owner, occupant and/or Contractor of the
property forthwith upon demand.
11.0 Power of Entry
11.1 The Town may enter on a property at any reasonable time for the
purpose of carrying out an inspection to determine whether or not the
following are being complied with:
(a) the provisions of this By-law;
(b) an Order issued under this By-law; and/or
(c) an Order made under Section 431 of the Act.
11.2 Where an inspection is conducted by the Town pursuant to Section
11.1, the person conducting the inspection may:
(a) require the production for inspection of documents or things
relevant to the inspection;
(b) inspect and remove documents or things relevant to the inspection
for the purpose of making copies and extracts;
(c) require information from any Person concerning a matter related to
the inspection including their name, address, phone number and
identification; and/or
(d) alone or in conjunction with any Person possessing special or
expert knowledge, make examinations or take tests, samples or
photographs necessary for the purposes of the inspection.
11.3 The Town may undertake an inspection pursuant to an Order issued
under Section 438 of the Act.
11.4 The Town's power of entry may be exercised by an employee, Officer
or agent of the Town or by a member of a police force with jurisdiction,
as well by any Person under his or her direction.
11.5 No Person shall hinder or Obstruct, or attempt to hinder or Obstruct
the Town, or an Officer from carrying out inspections of land to ensure
compliance with this By-law.
12.0 Order and Remedial Action
12.1 If a Person and/or Permit Holder contravenes any of the provisions of
this By-law, the Director may issue an Order to the Person and/or to
the Permit Holder to discontinue the contravening activity. The Order
shall set out the reasonable particulars of the contravention adequate
to identify the contravention, the location of the property on which the
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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contravention occurred, and the date by which there must be
compliance with the Order.
12.2 If a Person and/or Permit Holder has contravened a provision of this
By-law, the Director may issue an Order to the Person and/or Permit
Holder who contravened the By-law, and order the Person and/or
Permit Holder to undertake such work to correct the contravention.
The Order shall set out the reasonable particulars of the contravention
adequate to identify the contravention; the location of the property on
which the contravention occurred; and the date by which there must be
compliance with the Order. The Order may also provide that if the
Person and/or Permit Holder fails to correct the contravention, the
Town may do the work to correct the contravention at the expense of
the Person and/or the Permit Holder.
12.3 If the Director has issued an Order directing or requiring that a
Person and/or Permit Holder do a matter or thing to correct a
contravention of this By-law, and the Person and/or Permit Holder
fails to correct the contravention, the Town may do all work necessary
to correct the contravention at the expense of the Person and/or
Permit Holder.
12.4 The Town may recover the cost of any corrective work in Section 12.3
from the Person and/or Permit Holder by:
(a) legal action; and/or
(b) by adding the costs to the tax roll of property owned by the Person
and/or Permit Holder located within the boundaries of the Town
and collecting these costs in the same manner as property taxes;
and/or
(c) deduct the costs for the corrective work from the Security.
12.5 Where the cost of repairing or restoring any part of the Highway or
other municipal service exceeds the Security amount, the excess
amount of such costs, including administrative costs, shall be a debt
owing to the Town.
12.6 An Order may be served by:
(a) delivering it personally to the Permit Holder and/or the Person in
contravention of the by-law;
(b) sending it by registered mail to the last known address of the Permit
Holder and/or the Person in contravention of the By-law, including
according to the current assessment rolls;
(c) posting it at the site where the contravention has occurred.
13.0 Appeals
13.1 An Applicant may appeal to the Appeals Committee;
a) if the Director refuses to issue a Permit. The Applicant may
appeal within thirty (30) days from the date of receiving notice of
the refusal;
b) if the Director fails to make a decision on the application. The
Applicant may appeal within forty five (45) days after a complete
application is deemed to have been received by the Director; or
c) if the Applicant objects to a condition in the Permit. The
Applicant may appeal within thirty (30) days after the issuance of
the Permit.
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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13.2 Where an Order has been served, the Permit Holder or the Person to
whom the Order has been served may apply to the Appeals
Committee to appeal the Order within thirty (30) days of being served
with the Order.
14.0 Penalty Provision
14.1 Every Person who contravenes a provision of this By-law, including an
Order issued under this By-law, is guilty of an offence and upon
conviction is liable to a fine as provided for by the Provincial Offences
Act, R.S.O. 1990, Chapter P.33, as amended.
14.2 Any Person who is in contravention of any provision of this By-law, or
who fails to comply with an Order issued under this By-law shall be
deemed to be committing a continuing offence for each day or part of a
day that the contravention remains uncorrected.
14.3 If an Order has been issued under this By-law, and the Order has not
been complied with, the contravention of the Order shall be deemed to
be a continuing offence for each day or part of a day that the Order is
not complied with.
14.4 Any Person who is guilty of an offence under this By-law shall be
subject to the following penalties pursuant to Part III of the Provincial
Offences Act, R.S.O. 1990, Chapter P.33, as amended:
(a) Upon a first conviction, the minimum fine shall be $400.00 and the
maximum fine shall be $100,000.00;
(b) Upon a second or subsequent conviction for the same offence, a
fine shall be a minimum of $500.00 and the maximum fine shall be
$100,000.00;
(c) Upon conviction for a continuing offence, the minimum fine shall be
$500.00 and the maximum fine shall be $10,000.00 for each day or
part of a day that the offence continues; and
(d) Upon conviction of a multiple offence, for each offence included in
the multiple offence, the minimum fine shall be $500.00 and the
maximum fine shall be $10,000.00.
14.5 For the purposes of this By-law, "multiple offences" means an offence
in respect of two (2) or more acts or omissions each of which
separately constitutes an offence and is a contravention of a provision
of this By-law.
14.6 For the purposes of this By-law, an offence is a "second or
subsequent offence" if the act giving rise to the offence occurred after
a conviction had been entered at an earlier date for the same offence.
14.7 Where a Person is convicted of an offence under this By-law, the
court in which the conviction has been entered, and any court of
competent jurisdiction thereafter, may make an Order prohibiting the
continuation or repetition of the offence by the Person convicted.
14.8 In addition to any other remedy or penalty provided by law, the court in
which the conviction has been entered, or any other court of
competent jurisdiction may make an Order:
14.8.1 prohibiting the continuation or repetition of the offence by any
Person;
Road Occupancy Bylaw 2018-31
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14.8.2 require the Person to pay a Special Fine, in addition to a
Regular Fine, which fine shall eliminate any economic gain or
advantage derived by the Person as a result of contravening
this By-law.
15.0 Validity and Interpretation
15.1 Words importing the singular number shall include the plural, and
words importing the masculine gender shall include the feminine, and
the converse of the foregoing also applies, unless the context of the
By-law requires otherwise.
15.2 If a court of competent jurisdiction declares any provisions of this By-
law to be invalid or to be of no force and effect, it is the intention of
Council in enacting this By-law that the remainder of the By-law shall
continue in force and be applied and enforced in accordance with its
terms to the fullest extent possible according to law.
16.0 Repeal
16.1 By-law 2009-32 and 2015-16, as amended, are hereby repealed.
17.0 Force and Effect
17.1 This By-law shall come into force and effect on the date of enactment
and passage.
Enacted this 28th day of May, 2018.
Tony Van Bynen, Mayor
Lisa Lyons, Town Clerk