{
 "answer": "In the Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario, permit required: True; applies to private property: True; protected threshold: Any living woody perennial plant in a Woodland (≥1 ha) reaching ≥4.5 m height; Woodland defined by density thresholds including 750 trees >5 cm DBH/ha, 500 trees >12 cm DBH/ha, or 250 trees >20 cm DBH/ha; replacement required: Court may order replanting of comparable species and size Trees; Officer may order planting or replanting of Trees as remedy for contravention. Source: Regional Woodland By-law No. 030-2020, verified 2026-08-29.",
 "municipality_id": "gx-001723",
 "municipality": "Regional Municipality of Durham",
 "status_type": "Regional municipality",
 "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
 "country": "CA",
 "topic": "trees",
 "label": "Trees & tree removal",
 "status": "found",
 "last_verified": "2026-08-29",
 "official_website": "https://www.durham.ca/en/index.aspx",
 "documents": [
  {
   "primary": true,
   "is_official": true,
   "title": "Regional Woodland By-law No. 030-2020",
   "category": "trees",
   "document_type": "bylaw",
   "status": "adopted",
   "adopted_date": "2020-07-29",
   "document_url": "https://media-003-ca.cdn.govstack.com/durham-ca/media/j5zefjhd/030-2020-regional-woodland-by-law.pdf",
   "summary": "Prohibits and regulates the destruction or injuring of trees in Woodlands throughout the Region of Durham, inside and outside the Urban Area Boundary, and requires a permit to cut beyond the exemption thresholds. A 'Woodland' is an area of one hectare or more with at least 1,000 trees of any size per hectare, 750 trees over 5 cm DBH, 500",
   "discovered_by": "on-newcats",
   "discovered_at": "2026-08-29",
   "capture_sha256": "bd3ec2bfad0cc83bcca356112e4c0ae7d00d8915ec4499dc94f897c2a12d20ca",
   "captured_at": "2026-08-29T14:33:34+00:00",
   "capture_http_status": 200,
   "snapshot_url": "https://pub-e61c5ee2a8704225bfa8de0c280e8a2c.r2.dev/bylaws/bd3ec2bfad0cc83bcca356112e4c0ae7d00d8915ec4499dc94f897c2a12d20ca.pdf",
   "link_dead": false,
   "facts": {
    "permit_required": true,
    "applies_to_private_property": true,
    "protected_threshold": "Any living woody perennial plant in a Woodland (≥1 ha) reaching ≥4.5 m height; Woodland defined by density thresholds including 750 trees >5 cm DBH/ha, 500 trees >12 cm DBH/ha, or 250 trees >20 cm DBH/ha",
    "replacement_required": "Court may order replanting of comparable species and size Trees; Officer may order planting or replanting of Trees as remedy for contravention",
    "fine_range": "Individual: first conviction max $10,000 or $1,000/tree (greater); subsequent max $25,000 or $2,500/tree (greater). Corporation: first max $50,000 or $5,000/tree; subsequent max $100,000 or $10,000/tree. Set fines: $350–$500"
   },
   "fact_citations": {
    "permit_required": "s. 3.1: 'No Person shall...cause Injury or Destruction to any Tree...unless...in possession of a valid...Permit'",
    "applies_to_private_property": "s. 2.1: 'This By-law shall apply to all Woodlands...within the Region...applies to all lands within and outside the Urban Area Boundary'",
    "protected_threshold": "s. 1.1(kk) definition of 'Tree'; s. 1.1(nn) definition of 'Woodland'",
    "replacement_required": "s. 8.3: 'court...may order the person or corporation to...plant or replant comparable species and size Trees'; s. 7.3: Officer may order 'plant or replant Trees'",
    "fine_range": "s. 8.1, s. 8.2; Schedule B set fines $350.00–$500.00"
   },
   "transcript_url": "/ca/on/regional-municipality-of-durham/trees/text-bd3ec2bfad0c/",
   "transcript_quality": "exact"
  }
 ],
 "source": "https://govanswers.org/ca/on/regional-municipality-of-durham/trees/"
}